It is verified that the Nebula Hypothesis is applicable to the Solar System by way of a straightforward generalization of Kepler’s third law which also confirms that angular momentum transport is achieved by way of t...It is verified that the Nebula Hypothesis is applicable to the Solar System by way of a straightforward generalization of Kepler’s third law which also confirms that angular momentum transport is achieved by way of the self-gravity of the protoplanetary disk itself as it coalesces into planetesimals. The masses of the planets may then be approximately determined (within 10% error, for three planets) by way of this methodology, using the radius as well as the rate of rotation of the particular planet being considered. This would only be possible, not only in light of the Nebula Hypothesis, but also due to angular momentum transport (as these three planets most ideally express the expectations of angular momentum conservation from the protoplanetary disk). Also in this regard, the rotation of the Sun at its equator is discussed as it is found to be closely related to the planetary issue as it pertains to the evolution and structure of the body. A modified technique from that used in planetary study is then applied to the Galaxy for the purpose of the calculation of dark matter mass, presupposes treating the Galaxy as a homogeneous sphere (of dark matter) that is rotating. The model provides clear evidence of not only flat rotation-curves, but also the lack of centrifugal ejection of stars from galaxies as well as the configuration of the arms of spiral galaxies, along with a sound basis for black hole creation at the center of spiral galaxies.展开更多
We analyzed the data on co-rotating interaction regions （CIRs） measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer （ACE） and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory （STEREO） from 2007 to 2010. The CIRs were observed b...We analyzed the data on co-rotating interaction regions （CIRs） measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer （ACE） and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory （STEREO） from 2007 to 2010. The CIRs were observed by STEREO B （STB）, ACE and STEREOA （STA） one after another, and a total of 28 CIRs were identified in this work. Since the same characteristics of CIRs were detected by these three spacecraft at three different locations and times, these data can help us to study the evolutions of CIRs. For a single event, the properties of CIRs observed by the three spacecraft were quite different and could be explained by spatial or temporal variations. For all these 28 CIRs, STA and STB observed similar mean parameters, such as peak magnetic field strength （offset 11%）, peak and change in solar wind speed （offset 3% and 10% respectively）, peak proton temperature （offset 14%） and peak perpendicular pressure （offset 15%）. Surprisingly, STA detected much higher （41%） peak density of protons than STB.展开更多
We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading...We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading sunspot with positive magnetic polarity rotated counterclockwise.As expected,the rotation was significantly affected by the two flares.Magnetic transients induced by the flares were clearly evident in the sunspots with negative polarity.They were moving across the sunspots with speed of order 3-7 km s-1.Furthermore,the trend of magnetic flux evolution in these sunspots exhibited changes associated with the flares.These results may shed light on understanding the evolution of sunspots.展开更多
The daily sunspot numbers of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres from 1945 January 1 to 2010 December 31 are used to investi- gate the temporal variation of rotational cycle length through ...The daily sunspot numbers of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres from 1945 January 1 to 2010 December 31 are used to investi- gate the temporal variation of rotational cycle length through the continuous wavelet transformation analysis method. Auto-correlation function analysis of daily hemi- spheric sunspot numbers shows that the southern hemisphere rotates faster than the northern hemisphere. The results obtained from the wavelet transformation analysis are that no direct relationship exists between the variation trend of the rotational cy- cle length and the solar activity in the two hemispheres and that the rotational cycle length of both hemispheres has no significant period appearing at 11 yr, but has a sig- nificant period of about 7.6 yr. Analysis concerning the solar cycle dependence of the rotational cycle length shows that acceleration seems to appear before the minimum time of solar activity in the whole disk and the northern hemisphere, respectively. Furthermore, the cross-correlation study indicates that the rotational cycle length of the two hemispheres has different phases, and that the rotational cycle length of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres, also has phase shifts with corresponding solar activity. In addition, the temporal variation of the north-south （N- S） asymmetry of the rotational cycle length is also studied. This displays the same variation trend as the N-S asymmetry of solar activity in a solar cycle, as well as in the considered time interval, and has two significant periods of 7.7 and 17.5 yr. Moreover, the rotational cycle length and the N-S asymmetry of solar activity are highly corre- lated. It is inferred that the northern hemisphere should rotate faster at the beginning of solar cycle 24.展开更多
文摘It is verified that the Nebula Hypothesis is applicable to the Solar System by way of a straightforward generalization of Kepler’s third law which also confirms that angular momentum transport is achieved by way of the self-gravity of the protoplanetary disk itself as it coalesces into planetesimals. The masses of the planets may then be approximately determined (within 10% error, for three planets) by way of this methodology, using the radius as well as the rate of rotation of the particular planet being considered. This would only be possible, not only in light of the Nebula Hypothesis, but also due to angular momentum transport (as these three planets most ideally express the expectations of angular momentum conservation from the protoplanetary disk). Also in this regard, the rotation of the Sun at its equator is discussed as it is found to be closely related to the planetary issue as it pertains to the evolution and structure of the body. A modified technique from that used in planetary study is then applied to the Galaxy for the purpose of the calculation of dark matter mass, presupposes treating the Galaxy as a homogeneous sphere (of dark matter) that is rotating. The model provides clear evidence of not only flat rotation-curves, but also the lack of centrifugal ejection of stars from galaxies as well as the configuration of the arms of spiral galaxies, along with a sound basis for black hole creation at the center of spiral galaxies.
基金supported by a National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11203083)
文摘We analyzed the data on co-rotating interaction regions （CIRs） measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer （ACE） and Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory （STEREO） from 2007 to 2010. The CIRs were observed by STEREO B （STB）, ACE and STEREOA （STA） one after another, and a total of 28 CIRs were identified in this work. Since the same characteristics of CIRs were detected by these three spacecraft at three different locations and times, these data can help us to study the evolutions of CIRs. For a single event, the properties of CIRs observed by the three spacecraft were quite different and could be explained by spatial or temporal variations. For all these 28 CIRs, STA and STB observed similar mean parameters, such as peak magnetic field strength （offset 11%）, peak and change in solar wind speed （offset 3% and 10% respectively）, peak proton temperature （offset 14%） and peak perpendicular pressure （offset 15%）. Surprisingly, STA detected much higher （41%） peak density of protons than STB.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41231068, 41374187, 41531073 and 41674147)
文摘We analyze sunspot rotation and magnetic transients in NOAA AR 11429 during two X-class(X5.4 and X1.3)flares using data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory.A large leading sunspot with positive magnetic polarity rotated counterclockwise.As expected,the rotation was significantly affected by the two flares.Magnetic transients induced by the flares were clearly evident in the sunspots with negative polarity.They were moving across the sunspots with speed of order 3-7 km s-1.Furthermore,the trend of magnetic flux evolution in these sunspots exhibited changes associated with the flares.These results may shed light on understanding the evolution of sunspots.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10873032,10921303,11073010 and 40636031)National Basic Research Program of China (973 pro-grams,2011CB811406 and 2012CB957801)
文摘The daily sunspot numbers of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres from 1945 January 1 to 2010 December 31 are used to investi- gate the temporal variation of rotational cycle length through the continuous wavelet transformation analysis method. Auto-correlation function analysis of daily hemi- spheric sunspot numbers shows that the southern hemisphere rotates faster than the northern hemisphere. The results obtained from the wavelet transformation analysis are that no direct relationship exists between the variation trend of the rotational cy- cle length and the solar activity in the two hemispheres and that the rotational cycle length of both hemispheres has no significant period appearing at 11 yr, but has a sig- nificant period of about 7.6 yr. Analysis concerning the solar cycle dependence of the rotational cycle length shows that acceleration seems to appear before the minimum time of solar activity in the whole disk and the northern hemisphere, respectively. Furthermore, the cross-correlation study indicates that the rotational cycle length of the two hemispheres has different phases, and that the rotational cycle length of the whole disk as well as the northern and southern hemispheres, also has phase shifts with corresponding solar activity. In addition, the temporal variation of the north-south （N- S） asymmetry of the rotational cycle length is also studied. This displays the same variation trend as the N-S asymmetry of solar activity in a solar cycle, as well as in the considered time interval, and has two significant periods of 7.7 and 17.5 yr. Moreover, the rotational cycle length and the N-S asymmetry of solar activity are highly corre- lated. It is inferred that the northern hemisphere should rotate faster at the beginning of solar cycle 24.
