The research on the rock burst prediction was made on the basis of seismology,rock mechanics and the data from Dongguashan Copper Mine(DCM) ,the deepest metal mine in China.The seismic responses to mining in DCM were ...The research on the rock burst prediction was made on the basis of seismology,rock mechanics and the data from Dongguashan Copper Mine(DCM) ,the deepest metal mine in China.The seismic responses to mining in DCM were investigated through the analyses of the spatio-temporal distribution of hypocenters,apparent stress and displacement of seismic events,and the process of the generation of hazardous seismicity in DCM was studied in the framework of the theory of asperity in the seismic source mechanism.A method of locating areas with hazardous seismicity and a conceptual model of hazardous seismic nucleation in DCM were proposed.A criterion of rockburst prediction was analyzed theoretically in the framework of unstable failure theories,and consequently,the rate of change in the ratio of the seismic stiffness of rock in a seismic nucleation area to that in surrounding area,dS/dt,is defined as an index of the rockburst prediction.The possibility of a rockburst will increase if dS/dt>0,and the possibility of rock burst will decrease if dS/dt<0.The correctness of these methods is demonstrated by analyses of rock failure cases in DCM.展开更多
Rockburst is a kind of artificial earthquake induced by human activities,such as mining excavations.The mechanism of rockburst induced by mining disturbance is revealed in terms of energy in this context.For understan...Rockburst is a kind of artificial earthquake induced by human activities,such as mining excavations.The mechanism of rockburst induced by mining disturbance is revealed in terms of energy in this context.For understanding the rockburst mechanism,two necessary conditions for the occurrence of rockburst are presented:(1)the rock mass has the capability to store huge amount of energy and possesses a strong bumping-prone characteristic when damaged;and(2)the geological conditions in the mining area have favorable geo-stress environments that can form high-stress concentration area and accumulate huge energy.These two conditions are also the basic criteria for prediction of rockburst.In view of energy analysis,it is observed that artificial and natural earthquakes have similar regularities in many aspects,such as the relationship between the energy value and burst magnitude.By using the relationship between energy and magnitude of natural earthquake,rockburst is predicted by disturbance energy analysis.A practical example is illustrated using the above-mentioned theorem and technique to predict rockburst in a gold mine in China.Finally,the prevention and control techniques of rockburst are also provided based on the knowledge of the rockburst mechanism.展开更多
采用静载模拟巷道初始地应力场,TNT爆炸模拟冲击地压,利用大型地质力学模型试验机对巷道在动、静荷载联合作用下的响应规律进行研究。试验中施加了相当于相似材料单轴抗压强度的最大静压力,荷载侧压比为1/3。在模型内部相同位置依次施加...采用静载模拟巷道初始地应力场,TNT爆炸模拟冲击地压,利用大型地质力学模型试验机对巷道在动、静荷载联合作用下的响应规律进行研究。试验中施加了相当于相似材料单轴抗压强度的最大静压力,荷载侧压比为1/3。在模型内部相同位置依次施加10,15和20 g TNT动荷载,在最后一次爆炸荷载作用下,洞室出现抛掷型冲击地压破坏现象。试验结果表明:巷道冲击地压灾害是动、静荷载联合作用的结果;在冲击瞬间作用下,冲击荷载与已存在静荷载叠加,使得巷道围岩压力迅速增加,叠加后作用力大于围岩承载能力时,引发围岩冲击破坏;围岩产生的冲击变形与巷道开挖后产生的初始变形叠加,形变超出围岩的变形能力时,洞壁首先发生破坏。围岩变形和冲击破坏范围与冲击力的大小及地应力水平相关性显著。展开更多
Rockburst is becoming a huge challenge for the utilization of deep underground space.Extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the rockburst behavior and mechanism experimentally,theoretically,and numerical...Rockburst is becoming a huge challenge for the utilization of deep underground space.Extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the rockburst behavior and mechanism experimentally,theoretically,and numerically.The aim of this review is to discuss the novel development and the state-of-the-art in experimental techniques,theories,and numerical approaches proposed for rockburst.The definition and classification of rockburst are first summarized with an in-depth comparison among them.Then,the available laboratory experimental technologies for rockburst are reviewed in terms of indirect and direct approaches,with the highlight of monitoring technologies and data analysis methods.Some key rockburst influencing factors(i.e.size and shape,rock types,stress state,water content,and temperature)are analyzed and discussed based on collected data.After that,rockburst theories and mechanisms are discussed and evaluated,as well as the microscopic observation.The simulation approaches of rockburst are also summarized with the highlight of optional novel numerical methods.The accuracy,stability,and reliability of different experimental,theoretical and numerical approaches are also compared and assessed in each part.Finally,a summary and some aspects of prospective research are presented.展开更多
基金Project(2010CB732004) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(50490274) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The research on the rock burst prediction was made on the basis of seismology,rock mechanics and the data from Dongguashan Copper Mine(DCM) ,the deepest metal mine in China.The seismic responses to mining in DCM were investigated through the analyses of the spatio-temporal distribution of hypocenters,apparent stress and displacement of seismic events,and the process of the generation of hazardous seismicity in DCM was studied in the framework of the theory of asperity in the seismic source mechanism.A method of locating areas with hazardous seismicity and a conceptual model of hazardous seismic nucleation in DCM were proposed.A criterion of rockburst prediction was analyzed theoretically in the framework of unstable failure theories,and consequently,the rate of change in the ratio of the seismic stiffness of rock in a seismic nucleation area to that in surrounding area,dS/dt,is defined as an index of the rockburst prediction.The possibility of a rockburst will increase if dS/dt>0,and the possibility of rock burst will decrease if dS/dt<0.The correctness of these methods is demonstrated by analyses of rock failure cases in DCM.
文摘Rockburst is a kind of artificial earthquake induced by human activities,such as mining excavations.The mechanism of rockburst induced by mining disturbance is revealed in terms of energy in this context.For understanding the rockburst mechanism,two necessary conditions for the occurrence of rockburst are presented:(1)the rock mass has the capability to store huge amount of energy and possesses a strong bumping-prone characteristic when damaged;and(2)the geological conditions in the mining area have favorable geo-stress environments that can form high-stress concentration area and accumulate huge energy.These two conditions are also the basic criteria for prediction of rockburst.In view of energy analysis,it is observed that artificial and natural earthquakes have similar regularities in many aspects,such as the relationship between the energy value and burst magnitude.By using the relationship between energy and magnitude of natural earthquake,rockburst is predicted by disturbance energy analysis.A practical example is illustrated using the above-mentioned theorem and technique to predict rockburst in a gold mine in China.Finally,the prevention and control techniques of rockburst are also provided based on the knowledge of the rockburst mechanism.
文摘采用静载模拟巷道初始地应力场,TNT爆炸模拟冲击地压,利用大型地质力学模型试验机对巷道在动、静荷载联合作用下的响应规律进行研究。试验中施加了相当于相似材料单轴抗压强度的最大静压力,荷载侧压比为1/3。在模型内部相同位置依次施加10,15和20 g TNT动荷载,在最后一次爆炸荷载作用下,洞室出现抛掷型冲击地压破坏现象。试验结果表明:巷道冲击地压灾害是动、静荷载联合作用的结果;在冲击瞬间作用下,冲击荷载与已存在静荷载叠加,使得巷道围岩压力迅速增加,叠加后作用力大于围岩承载能力时,引发围岩冲击破坏;围岩产生的冲击变形与巷道开挖后产生的初始变形叠加,形变超出围岩的变形能力时,洞壁首先发生破坏。围岩变形和冲击破坏范围与冲击力的大小及地应力水平相关性显著。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41941018)Key Technology Research on Water Diversion Project for Central Area of Yunnan Province,China.All the supports are gratefully acknowledged.
文摘Rockburst is becoming a huge challenge for the utilization of deep underground space.Extensive efforts have been devoted to investigating the rockburst behavior and mechanism experimentally,theoretically,and numerically.The aim of this review is to discuss the novel development and the state-of-the-art in experimental techniques,theories,and numerical approaches proposed for rockburst.The definition and classification of rockburst are first summarized with an in-depth comparison among them.Then,the available laboratory experimental technologies for rockburst are reviewed in terms of indirect and direct approaches,with the highlight of monitoring technologies and data analysis methods.Some key rockburst influencing factors(i.e.size and shape,rock types,stress state,water content,and temperature)are analyzed and discussed based on collected data.After that,rockburst theories and mechanisms are discussed and evaluated,as well as the microscopic observation.The simulation approaches of rockburst are also summarized with the highlight of optional novel numerical methods.The accuracy,stability,and reliability of different experimental,theoretical and numerical approaches are also compared and assessed in each part.Finally,a summary and some aspects of prospective research are presented.
