The structure of fractures in nature rock appears irregular and induces complicated seepage flow behavior.The mechanism and quantitative description of fluid flow through rock fractures is a difficult subject that has...The structure of fractures in nature rock appears irregular and induces complicated seepage flow behavior.The mechanism and quantitative description of fluid flow through rock fractures is a difficult subject that has been greatly concerned in the fields of geotechnical,mining,geological,and petroleum engineering.In order to probe the mechanism of fluid flow and the effects of rough structures,we conducted a few laboratory tests of fluid flow through single rough fractures,in which the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function and PMMA material were employed to produce the fracture models with various fractal roughnesses.A high-speed video camera was employed to record the fluid flow through the entire single rough fracture with a constant hydraulic pressure.The properties of fluid flow varying with the fracture roughness and the influences of the rough structure were analyzed.The components of flow resistance of a single rough fracture were discussed.A fractal model was proposed to relate the fluid resistance to the fracture roughness.A fractal equivalent permeability coefficient of a single rough fracture was formulated.This study aims to provide an experimental basis and reference for better understanding and quantitatively relating the fluid flow properties to the structures of rock fractures.展开更多
The distribution and intensity of tectonic fractures within geologic units are important to hydrocarbon exploration and development. Taken the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation interbedded sandstone-mudstone in the Or...The distribution and intensity of tectonic fractures within geologic units are important to hydrocarbon exploration and development. Taken the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation interbedded sandstone-mudstone in the Ordos Basin as an example, this study used the finite element method（FEM） based on geomechanical models to study the development of tectonic fractures. The results show that the sandstones tend to generate tectonic fractures more easily than mudstones with the same layer thickness, and the highest degree of tectonic fractures will be developed when the sandstone-mudstone thickness ratio is about 5.0. A possible explanation is proposed for the tectonic fracture development based on two important factors of rock brittleness and mechanical layer thickness. Generally, larger rock brittleness and thinner layer thickness will generate more tectonic fractures. In interbedded sandstone-mudstone formations, the rock brittleness increases with the increasing mechanical layer thickness, hence, these two factors will achieve a balance for the development of tectonic fractures when the sandstone-mudstone thickness ratio reaches a specific value, and the development degree of tectonic fractures is the highest at this value.展开更多
Underground fractures play an important role in the storage and movement of hydrocarbon fluid. Fracture rock physics has been the useful bridge between fracture parameters and seismic response. In this paper, we aim t...Underground fractures play an important role in the storage and movement of hydrocarbon fluid. Fracture rock physics has been the useful bridge between fracture parameters and seismic response. In this paper, we aim to use seismic data to predict subsurface fractures based on rock physics. We begin with the construction of fracture rock physics model. Using the model, we may estimate P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and fracture rock physics parameters. Then we derive a new approximate formula for the analysis of the relationship between fracture rock physics parameters and seismic response, and we also propose the method which uses seismic data to invert the elastic and rock physics parameters of fractured rock. We end with the method verification, which includes using well-logging data to confirm the reliability of fracture rock physics effective model and utilizing real seismic data to validate the applicability of the inversion method. Tests show that the fracture rock physics effective model may be used to estimate velocities and fracture rock physics parameters reliably, and the inversion method is resultful even when the seismic data is added with random noise. Real data test also indicates the inversion method can be applied into the estimation of the elastic and fracture weaknesses parameters in the target area.展开更多
The drag force of water flow through single fracture and the coupling characteristics of seepage and stress in single fracture surface are analyzed,and a three dimensional model of coupled unsteady seepage and stress ...The drag force of water flow through single fracture and the coupling characteristics of seepage and stress in single fracture surface are analyzed,and a three dimensional model of coupled unsteady seepage and stress fields is proposed.This model is used to the analysis of foundation rock mass of a high dam.If the coupling effects are considered,the changes of boundary heads have less influence on the inner head of rock mass,and the strong permeability of main fractures appears.If the coupling effects are not considered,the fractures distribution affects the inner head more greatly.When the upstream water head declines,the inner head of dam foundation slightly declines and the hydraulic gradient distribution becomes smoother.A bigger upstream water level declining velocity has a stronger lag effect,meanwhile the values of stress components change more greatly.Therefore the upstream water level declining velocity directly affects the stability of rock mass in dam foundation and we should take into account the above factors to make sure the safety of the dam during reservoir level fluctuation period.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar of China (Grant No. 51125017)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2010CB226804,2011CB201201)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50974125)the International Cooperation Project of Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No. 2012DFA60760-2)NSFC International Cooperation and Exchange Program (Grant No. 51120145001)
文摘The structure of fractures in nature rock appears irregular and induces complicated seepage flow behavior.The mechanism and quantitative description of fluid flow through rock fractures is a difficult subject that has been greatly concerned in the fields of geotechnical,mining,geological,and petroleum engineering.In order to probe the mechanism of fluid flow and the effects of rough structures,we conducted a few laboratory tests of fluid flow through single rough fractures,in which the Weierstrass-Mandelbrot fractal function and PMMA material were employed to produce the fracture models with various fractal roughnesses.A high-speed video camera was employed to record the fluid flow through the entire single rough fracture with a constant hydraulic pressure.The properties of fluid flow varying with the fracture roughness and the influences of the rough structure were analyzed.The components of flow resistance of a single rough fracture were discussed.A fractal model was proposed to relate the fluid resistance to the fracture roughness.A fractal equivalent permeability coefficient of a single rough fracture was formulated.This study aims to provide an experimental basis and reference for better understanding and quantitatively relating the fluid flow properties to the structures of rock fractures.
基金financially supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2015QNA69)the State Key Laboratory of Continental Tectonics and Dynamics(No.K201406)the PetroChina Major Science and Technology Project(No.2011E-2602)
文摘The distribution and intensity of tectonic fractures within geologic units are important to hydrocarbon exploration and development. Taken the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation interbedded sandstone-mudstone in the Ordos Basin as an example, this study used the finite element method（FEM） based on geomechanical models to study the development of tectonic fractures. The results show that the sandstones tend to generate tectonic fractures more easily than mudstones with the same layer thickness, and the highest degree of tectonic fractures will be developed when the sandstone-mudstone thickness ratio is about 5.0. A possible explanation is proposed for the tectonic fracture development based on two important factors of rock brittleness and mechanical layer thickness. Generally, larger rock brittleness and thinner layer thickness will generate more tectonic fractures. In interbedded sandstone-mudstone formations, the rock brittleness increases with the increasing mechanical layer thickness, hence, these two factors will achieve a balance for the development of tectonic fractures when the sandstone-mudstone thickness ratio reaches a specific value, and the development degree of tectonic fractures is the highest at this value.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB228604,2014CB239201)the National Oil and Gas Major Projects of China(Grant No.2011ZX05014-001-010HZ)+2 种基金CNPC Innovation Foundation(Grant No.2011D-5006-0301)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China(Grant No.14CX06015A)SINOPEC Key Laboratory of Geophysics
文摘Underground fractures play an important role in the storage and movement of hydrocarbon fluid. Fracture rock physics has been the useful bridge between fracture parameters and seismic response. In this paper, we aim to use seismic data to predict subsurface fractures based on rock physics. We begin with the construction of fracture rock physics model. Using the model, we may estimate P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity and fracture rock physics parameters. Then we derive a new approximate formula for the analysis of the relationship between fracture rock physics parameters and seismic response, and we also propose the method which uses seismic data to invert the elastic and rock physics parameters of fractured rock. We end with the method verification, which includes using well-logging data to confirm the reliability of fracture rock physics effective model and utilizing real seismic data to validate the applicability of the inversion method. Tests show that the fracture rock physics effective model may be used to estimate velocities and fracture rock physics parameters reliably, and the inversion method is resultful even when the seismic data is added with random noise. Real data test also indicates the inversion method can be applied into the estimation of the elastic and fracture weaknesses parameters in the target area.
基金supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20096118110007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10202015 and 50579092)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No.NCET-05-0679)the Project sponsored by Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Department(HBSTD)(Grant No.2004ABB012)
文摘The drag force of water flow through single fracture and the coupling characteristics of seepage and stress in single fracture surface are analyzed,and a three dimensional model of coupled unsteady seepage and stress fields is proposed.This model is used to the analysis of foundation rock mass of a high dam.If the coupling effects are considered,the changes of boundary heads have less influence on the inner head of rock mass,and the strong permeability of main fractures appears.If the coupling effects are not considered,the fractures distribution affects the inner head more greatly.When the upstream water head declines,the inner head of dam foundation slightly declines and the hydraulic gradient distribution becomes smoother.A bigger upstream water level declining velocity has a stronger lag effect,meanwhile the values of stress components change more greatly.Therefore the upstream water level declining velocity directly affects the stability of rock mass in dam foundation and we should take into account the above factors to make sure the safety of the dam during reservoir level fluctuation period.
