Objective Our objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects. Methods We built a function with different parameters t...Objective Our objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects. Methods We built a function with different parameters to describe the effects of trace elements on neural tube defects. The association between neural tube defects and trace element levels was transformed into an optimization problem using the maximum likelihood method. Results Tin, lead, nickel, iron, copper, and aluminum had typical layered effects （dosage effects） on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Arsenic, selenium, zinc, strontium, and vanadium had no effect, and molybdenum had one threshold value that affected the prevalence of birth defects. Conclusion As an exploratory research work, our model can be used to determine the direction of the effect of the trace element content of cultivated soil on the risk of neural tube defects, which shows the clues by the dosage effect of their toxicological characteristics. Based on our findings, future biogeochemical research should focus on the direct effects of trace elements on human health.展开更多
信息系统的融合给电网安全运行带来了新的风险,因此有必要研究电力信息物理系统(cyber-physical power system,CPPS)连锁故障的产生及传播机理。首先建立CPPS部分相互依存模型,采用老化因素、潮流、隐性故障、偶然因素构建电网风险元,...信息系统的融合给电网安全运行带来了新的风险,因此有必要研究电力信息物理系统(cyber-physical power system,CPPS)连锁故障的产生及传播机理。首先建立CPPS部分相互依存模型,采用老化因素、潮流、隐性故障、偶然因素构建电网风险元,采用信息占用率、拓扑结构、网络攻击、节点负荷以及依存关系构建信息网风险元,从而将风险元理论应用于CPPS连锁故障预测过程。其次提出一种同时考虑两网失负荷率的风险计算方法,可以识别骨干层与接入层的关键节点。最后分析信息节点自身故障和网络攻击引起的信息节点失效对连锁故障的不同影响。算例分析表明:依存关系会促进故障在两网传播,增大系统的风险;对CPPS进行整体分析能较全面地评估连锁故障风险,识别关键信息节点;同时遭受网络攻击与信息节点自身故障的CPPS的平均风险最高,需采取措施提高其可靠性。展开更多
IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content i...IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content in soil was measured by catalytic polarography and rank correlation method was used to analyse correlation between the mean of soil available molybdenum and mortality rate of gastric cancer in each county and city in Jiangxi Province. Gastric cancer cases were selected from the authors′ hospital, occiput hair was collected to measure its molybdenum content with an atomic absorption spectrograph and controls were selected from the same hospital for comparison. Gastric cancer cases were selected from three hospitals at the same time, blood samples were taken on an empty stomach and serum molybdenum contents were measured with the atomic absorption spectrograph, and controls were selected from the same hospitals. Blind method was used in the whole course (chemical analysts did not know the source and nature of samples).RESULTS A negative correlation existed between soil available molybdenum content and mortality rate of gastric cancer (r=-0285, P<005); hair molybdenum contents of gastric cancer cases were lower than those of healthy controls (0308μg/g±0673μg/g and 0707μg/g±0561μg/g respectively, P<001); serum molybdenum contents of patients were also lower than those of healthy controls (2184μg/L±749μg/L and 2538μg/L±858μg/L respectively, P<005).CONCLUSION Deficiency of molybdenum may be one of the risk factors in gastric cancer.展开更多
基金supported by the National "973" project on Population and Health (No. 2007CB5119001)the National Yang‐Zi Scholar Program, 211 and 985 projects of Peking University (No. 20020903)
文摘Objective Our objective is to build a model that explains the association between the exposure to trace elements in the soil and the risk of neural tube defects. Methods We built a function with different parameters to describe the effects of trace elements on neural tube defects. The association between neural tube defects and trace element levels was transformed into an optimization problem using the maximum likelihood method. Results Tin, lead, nickel, iron, copper, and aluminum had typical layered effects （dosage effects） on the prevalence of neural tube defects. Arsenic, selenium, zinc, strontium, and vanadium had no effect, and molybdenum had one threshold value that affected the prevalence of birth defects. Conclusion As an exploratory research work, our model can be used to determine the direction of the effect of the trace element content of cultivated soil on the risk of neural tube defects, which shows the clues by the dosage effect of their toxicological characteristics. Based on our findings, future biogeochemical research should focus on the direct effects of trace elements on human health.
文摘信息系统的融合给电网安全运行带来了新的风险,因此有必要研究电力信息物理系统(cyber-physical power system,CPPS)连锁故障的产生及传播机理。首先建立CPPS部分相互依存模型,采用老化因素、潮流、隐性故障、偶然因素构建电网风险元,采用信息占用率、拓扑结构、网络攻击、节点负荷以及依存关系构建信息网风险元,从而将风险元理论应用于CPPS连锁故障预测过程。其次提出一种同时考虑两网失负荷率的风险计算方法,可以识别骨干层与接入层的关键节点。最后分析信息节点自身故障和网络攻击引起的信息节点失效对连锁故障的不同影响。算例分析表明:依存关系会促进故障在两网传播,增大系统的风险;对CPPS进行整体分析能较全面地评估连锁故障风险,识别关键信息节点;同时遭受网络攻击与信息节点自身故障的CPPS的平均风险最高,需采取措施提高其可靠性。
文摘IM To study the relationship between trace element Mo and gastric cancer.MATERIALS AND METHODS Soil samples were collected according to its type in different areas of Jiangxi Province; available molybdenum content in soil was measured by catalytic polarography and rank correlation method was used to analyse correlation between the mean of soil available molybdenum and mortality rate of gastric cancer in each county and city in Jiangxi Province. Gastric cancer cases were selected from the authors′ hospital, occiput hair was collected to measure its molybdenum content with an atomic absorption spectrograph and controls were selected from the same hospital for comparison. Gastric cancer cases were selected from three hospitals at the same time, blood samples were taken on an empty stomach and serum molybdenum contents were measured with the atomic absorption spectrograph, and controls were selected from the same hospitals. Blind method was used in the whole course (chemical analysts did not know the source and nature of samples).RESULTS A negative correlation existed between soil available molybdenum content and mortality rate of gastric cancer (r=-0285, P<005); hair molybdenum contents of gastric cancer cases were lower than those of healthy controls (0308μg/g±0673μg/g and 0707μg/g±0561μg/g respectively, P<001); serum molybdenum contents of patients were also lower than those of healthy controls (2184μg/L±749μg/L and 2538μg/L±858μg/L respectively, P<005).CONCLUSION Deficiency of molybdenum may be one of the risk factors in gastric cancer.
