河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同...河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同位素特征的组分通量。实验结果表明,因为考虑了同位素及CO2在取样和分析过程中的不确定性,与传统的Ordinary Least Square法相比,Bayesian法所获得的生态系统夜间呼吸释放CO2的同位素值(δ13CR)显著减小了标准误差。δ13CR具有明显的季节变化,并且受土壤含水量和大气水汽压亏缺(VPD)的影响。δ13CR与土壤含水量之间存在着正相关关系,而与VPD之间存在着负相关关系。2006年和2007年生长季,以及2005年旱季,土壤呼吸对夜晚河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的贡献约为80%。2005年雨季,土壤呼吸只占河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的40%左右。年际间土壤呼吸的贡献率的变化很有可能是2006年的水淹造成的。因为,通过沉降作用,水淹可以为C4草地生态系统提供额外的可供微生物分解的有机质。展开更多
Rapid population growth and artificial oasis enlargement did pose great threat to the natural riparian ecosystems of Tarim River and caused seriously ecological deterioration and greater desertification of the Tarim R...Rapid population growth and artificial oasis enlargement did pose great threat to the natural riparian ecosystems of Tarim River and caused seriously ecological deterioration and greater desertification of the Tarim River Basin in the second half of 20 century. Restoration of the endangered riparian ecosystem requires that environmental flow should be restored through restricted and uncontrolled flow diversion irrigation in tributary areas. Implementation of such restriction needs further the basin-wide reallocation of water resources through a set of engineering and non-engineering measures taken to ensure the water requirement in the tributary and maintain effective flows in Tarim River. As one of evolving HELP (Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy) basins, the article first presents an overview of hydrology, socio-economic development and ecosystem evolution of the Tarim River Basin. Then, those measures for restoring and maintaining environmental flow are reviewed and analyzed along with its applicability and validity. The issues emerging in implementing those measures are also explored, and then the conclusions were summarized. Lessons learned could provide a good example for other basins under similar conditions.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However,...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.</span>展开更多
文摘河岸生态系统在全球碳循环过程中起着重要作用。涡度相关技术虽然能够被用来测量整个生态系统的净碳通量,但是,把净碳通量区分为组分通量的贡献将显著提高人们对生态系统碳循环的理解。稳定性同位素技术能够把净碳通量区分为具有不同同位素特征的组分通量。实验结果表明,因为考虑了同位素及CO2在取样和分析过程中的不确定性,与传统的Ordinary Least Square法相比,Bayesian法所获得的生态系统夜间呼吸释放CO2的同位素值(δ13CR)显著减小了标准误差。δ13CR具有明显的季节变化,并且受土壤含水量和大气水汽压亏缺(VPD)的影响。δ13CR与土壤含水量之间存在着正相关关系,而与VPD之间存在着负相关关系。2006年和2007年生长季,以及2005年旱季,土壤呼吸对夜晚河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的贡献约为80%。2005年雨季,土壤呼吸只占河岸C4草地生态系统呼吸的40%左右。年际间土壤呼吸的贡献率的变化很有可能是2006年的水淹造成的。因为,通过沉降作用,水淹可以为C4草地生态系统提供额外的可供微生物分解的有机质。
基金the support of the UNESCO HELP programthe support of K.C.Wong Education Foundation,Hong Kong
文摘Rapid population growth and artificial oasis enlargement did pose great threat to the natural riparian ecosystems of Tarim River and caused seriously ecological deterioration and greater desertification of the Tarim River Basin in the second half of 20 century. Restoration of the endangered riparian ecosystem requires that environmental flow should be restored through restricted and uncontrolled flow diversion irrigation in tributary areas. Implementation of such restriction needs further the basin-wide reallocation of water resources through a set of engineering and non-engineering measures taken to ensure the water requirement in the tributary and maintain effective flows in Tarim River. As one of evolving HELP (Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy) basins, the article first presents an overview of hydrology, socio-economic development and ecosystem evolution of the Tarim River Basin. Then, those measures for restoring and maintaining environmental flow are reviewed and analyzed along with its applicability and validity. The issues emerging in implementing those measures are also explored, and then the conclusions were summarized. Lessons learned could provide a good example for other basins under similar conditions.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Riparian forests ecosystems play significant role in biodiversity conservation and provision of ecosystem goods and services which support local livelihoods. However, riparian ecosystems are threatened by degradation attributed to anthropogenic activities. Understanding the interaction between anthropogenic activities and socio-economic factors, and their associated impact on riparian degradation is essential for designing appropriate management strategies for these ecosystems. This study assessed the socio-economic factors that drive degradation and their implication on conservation of River Lumi riparian ecosystem. Semi-structured questionnaires, Focus Group Discussion (FGDs) and key informant interviews were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that crop farming and livestock production were the main sources of livelihood practiced by 84% and 70% of the households respectively. Consequently, agricultural intensification resulting from increased demand for agricultural commodities (33%), over-grazing coupled with influx of livestock from private ranches and neighbouring pastoralist Maasai community (20%), and deforestation fuelled by population increase (17%) were the main drivers of degradation in River Lumi riparian ecosystem. The findings indicate that about 91% of the adjacent communities are dependent on River Lumi for their sustenance and their livelihoods will be affected by continued degradation of the riparian ecosystem;thus there is need for development of appropriate management strategies including sustainable livelihood systems to conserve River Lumi riparian ecosystem.</span>
