采用了DSSAT作物模式和区域气候模式相连接,模拟分析了A2和B2气候变化情景对中国主要地区灌溉水稻产量的影响。气候变化情景采用了IPCC发布的SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios)系列的最新温室气体排放情景,气候情景值采用区...采用了DSSAT作物模式和区域气候模式相连接,模拟分析了A2和B2气候变化情景对中国主要地区灌溉水稻产量的影响。气候变化情景采用了IPCC发布的SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios)系列的最新温室气体排放情景,气候情景值采用区域气候模式PRECIS(Provide Regional Climates for Impact Studies)的模拟值。通过研究站点水稻对A2和B2增温梯度敏感性的分析表明:温度增加,水稻产量呈下降趋势,随着温度增加,产量下降幅度增大。且在同一增温水平下,在南方热带地区的昆明和海口,产量下降幅度大于其他站点。A2和B2的产量相对于基准年(1961~1990年)的变化分别为:气候变化对不同站点的年代际水稻平均产量表现了正面或负面的影响(A2情景下为2.3%^-10.2%,B2情景下为4.0%^-13.6%),在某一些站点,水稻高产年和低产年的概率明显增加,产量分布趋于两极化。展开更多
Excessive nitrogen（N） fertilization in intensive agricultural areas such as the plain region of South China has resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency and serious environmental problems. To determine the optimum N ...Excessive nitrogen（N） fertilization in intensive agricultural areas such as the plain region of South China has resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency and serious environmental problems. To determine the optimum N application rate, grain yield, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency（ANRE）, apparent N loss, and ammonium（NH_3） volatilization under different N application rates in the three years from 2012 to 2014 were studied. The results showed that the relationship between grain yields and N application rate in the three years were well fitted by quadratic equations. When N application rate reached 197 kg ha^（–1） in 2012, 199 kg ha^（–1） in 2013 and 196 kg ha^（–1） in 2014, the plateau of the grain yields appeared. With the increase of N application rate, the ANRE for rice decreased which could be expressed with sigmoidal equation; when N application rate was 305 kg ha^（–1） in 2012, 275 kg ha^（–1） in 2013 and 312 kg ha^（–1） in 2014, the curves of ANRE appeared turing points. Besides, the relationship between soil Nresidual and N application rate was fitted by the quadratic equation and the maximums of soil Nresidual were reached in the three years with the N application rate of 206, 244 and 170 kg ha^（–1）, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that NH3 volatilization and apparent N loss in three years all increased with the increasing N application rate. When the amount of NH3 volatilization increased to 11.6 kg N ha^（–1） in 2012, 40.5 kg N ha^（–1） in 2013 and 57.0 kg N ha^（–1）in 2014, the apparent N loss in the three years had obvious increase. To determine the optimum N application rate, the average N application on the plateau of the grain yield was considered as the lower limit while the average N application rate at the turning points of ANRE, the residual N in soil and apparent N loss was taken as the upper limit. According to the results in three years, the optimum N application rate for rice in Zhejiang was 197–255 kg ha^（–展开更多
利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站开始于1982年的水稻长期定位试验,研究长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化(1982—2011年)特征。29年研究结果表明:长期有机无机肥配施(NPKM)能提高水稻产量,培肥地力。长期...利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站开始于1982年的水稻长期定位试验,研究长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化(1982—2011年)特征。29年研究结果表明:长期有机无机肥配施(NPKM)能提高水稻产量,培肥地力。长期施用化肥(NPK)导致水稻产量降低。稻谷产量随着施肥量的增加而增加。在等氮投入情况下,增施化学磷肥的增产效应要高于化学钾肥,且早稻表现尤为明显;长期单施有机肥和单施化肥对稻谷产量的影响没有显著差异。随着施肥时间的延长,各处理水稻产量差异越显著。各施肥处理土壤碱解氮增加速率表现为慢-快-慢三个阶段,有机肥的施用相较单施化肥,能够显著提高土壤碱解氮含量(p<0.05)。土壤有效磷的累积主要与化学磷肥的施用有关,各施肥处理土壤有效磷历年平均含量变化趋势为:NPKM、NPM、PKM>NPK>M、NKM(p<0.01);土壤速效钾以有机肥和化学钾肥配施的处理(NPKM、NKM、PKM)增加最快,单施化学肥料的处理(NPK)增加最慢。随着氮、磷施用量的增加,土壤中氮、磷素出现盈余,但NPKM处理相比其他处理能够有效降低盈余量;各处理土壤中钾素均表现为亏缺状态,红壤性水稻田至少每年应补充投入钾素200 kg hm-2才能基本维持土壤钾素平衡。展开更多
文摘采用了DSSAT作物模式和区域气候模式相连接,模拟分析了A2和B2气候变化情景对中国主要地区灌溉水稻产量的影响。气候变化情景采用了IPCC发布的SRES(Special Report on Emissions Scenarios)系列的最新温室气体排放情景,气候情景值采用区域气候模式PRECIS(Provide Regional Climates for Impact Studies)的模拟值。通过研究站点水稻对A2和B2增温梯度敏感性的分析表明:温度增加,水稻产量呈下降趋势,随着温度增加,产量下降幅度增大。且在同一增温水平下,在南方热带地区的昆明和海口,产量下降幅度大于其他站点。A2和B2的产量相对于基准年(1961~1990年)的变化分别为:气候变化对不同站点的年代际水稻平均产量表现了正面或负面的影响(A2情景下为2.3%^-10.2%,B2情景下为4.0%^-13.6%),在某一些站点,水稻高产年和低产年的概率明显增加,产量分布趋于两极化。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41501238)the Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the 12th Five-Year Plan period(2015BAD23B03)the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture,China(201003014-02-08)
文摘Excessive nitrogen（N） fertilization in intensive agricultural areas such as the plain region of South China has resulted in low nitrogen use efficiency and serious environmental problems. To determine the optimum N application rate, grain yield, apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency（ANRE）, apparent N loss, and ammonium（NH_3） volatilization under different N application rates in the three years from 2012 to 2014 were studied. The results showed that the relationship between grain yields and N application rate in the three years were well fitted by quadratic equations. When N application rate reached 197 kg ha^（–1） in 2012, 199 kg ha^（–1） in 2013 and 196 kg ha^（–1） in 2014, the plateau of the grain yields appeared. With the increase of N application rate, the ANRE for rice decreased which could be expressed with sigmoidal equation; when N application rate was 305 kg ha^（–1） in 2012, 275 kg ha^（–1） in 2013 and 312 kg ha^（–1） in 2014, the curves of ANRE appeared turing points. Besides, the relationship between soil Nresidual and N application rate was fitted by the quadratic equation and the maximums of soil Nresidual were reached in the three years with the N application rate of 206, 244 and 170 kg ha^（–1）, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that NH3 volatilization and apparent N loss in three years all increased with the increasing N application rate. When the amount of NH3 volatilization increased to 11.6 kg N ha^（–1） in 2012, 40.5 kg N ha^（–1） in 2013 and 57.0 kg N ha^（–1）in 2014, the apparent N loss in the three years had obvious increase. To determine the optimum N application rate, the average N application on the plateau of the grain yield was considered as the lower limit while the average N application rate at the turning points of ANRE, the residual N in soil and apparent N loss was taken as the upper limit. According to the results in three years, the optimum N application rate for rice in Zhejiang was 197–255 kg ha^（–
文摘利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站开始于1982年的水稻长期定位试验,研究长期有机无机肥配施对水稻产量及土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量的动态变化(1982—2011年)特征。29年研究结果表明:长期有机无机肥配施(NPKM)能提高水稻产量,培肥地力。长期施用化肥(NPK)导致水稻产量降低。稻谷产量随着施肥量的增加而增加。在等氮投入情况下,增施化学磷肥的增产效应要高于化学钾肥,且早稻表现尤为明显;长期单施有机肥和单施化肥对稻谷产量的影响没有显著差异。随着施肥时间的延长,各处理水稻产量差异越显著。各施肥处理土壤碱解氮增加速率表现为慢-快-慢三个阶段,有机肥的施用相较单施化肥,能够显著提高土壤碱解氮含量(p<0.05)。土壤有效磷的累积主要与化学磷肥的施用有关,各施肥处理土壤有效磷历年平均含量变化趋势为:NPKM、NPM、PKM>NPK>M、NKM(p<0.01);土壤速效钾以有机肥和化学钾肥配施的处理(NPKM、NKM、PKM)增加最快,单施化学肥料的处理(NPK)增加最慢。随着氮、磷施用量的增加,土壤中氮、磷素出现盈余,但NPKM处理相比其他处理能够有效降低盈余量;各处理土壤中钾素均表现为亏缺状态,红壤性水稻田至少每年应补充投入钾素200 kg hm-2才能基本维持土壤钾素平衡。
