Grain-size distributions of the reticulate red clay in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, and Jiujiang, Taihe and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, are analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Generally fine and uniform, grain-size...Grain-size distributions of the reticulate red clay in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, and Jiujiang, Taihe and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, are analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Generally fine and uniform, grain-size charac- teristics of the reticulate red clay in Xuancheng and Jiujiang are much similar, with no >2 mm gravels, 0.30% and 1.14% of >63 μm fraction on average, respectively, and 34.65% and 37.20% of 10―50 μm fraction, which is apparently accumu- lated. The patterns of the grain-size distribution curves of the uppermost yellow-brown earth of the profiles in the two ar- eas much resemble those of the loess in northern China and the Xiashu loess in southeastern China, while the patterns of the other layers also apparently show some attributes inher- ited from the above. The grain-size distribution patterns of the quartz separated from the whole profiles in the areas are almost identical, which could also be compared with those of the loess and the Xiashu loess. All the features above reveal aeolian characteristics of the reticulated red clay in these two areas. (2) The reticulate red clay in Taihe and Ganzhou is much coarser than that in Xuancheng and Jiujiang, with high content of >63 μm fraction and relatively low content of 10―50 μm fraction. The variations in grain-size distribu- tions of the profiles are also observed. The grain-size distri- bution patterns of both the original samples and the quartz of the red clay could hardly be compared with those of the loess and the Xiashu loess. All the features above reveal their alluvial or diluvial origins. (3) The multiple origins of the reticulate red clay in the areas reflect the diversity and com- plexity of the Quaternary environment in southern China. The existence of the reticulate red clay with aeolian charac- teristics brings forth objective evidence for the occurrence of large-scale dust deposition in southern China during the Quaternary glacial periods. Further investigation and study on the regional distribution of this kind of the red展开更多
网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten...网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten模型得到网纹红土的干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线。研究发现,由于网纹红土孔隙较小且均匀,使得网纹红土存在进气值(约为100 k Pa)相对于一般黏土较大、其土水特征曲线没有明显的残余段。利用干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线对一维无限边坡的干燥和浸湿过程稳定性进行研究,发现在饱和度相同的情况下,边坡处于脱湿过程的稳定性要高于吸湿过程。随着深度的增加,脱湿与吸湿过程稳定性系数相差值减小;随着饱和度的提高,两者差值也出现减小的趋势。同时,网纹红土中基质吸力对抗滑力的贡献度较大,使得网纹红土质边坡较为稳定。展开更多
At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action....At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173-75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80-100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the temperature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene （11500 a BP-）, temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace （11,400-8600 a BP）, which is one of the most important archaeological sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be assumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cultivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.展开更多
The Xiangyang reticulate red clay section was newly sampled in high-resolution. The viewpoints different from the previous studies[17] are put forward after studying Munsell color values, weathering degrees, magnetic ...The Xiangyang reticulate red clay section was newly sampled in high-resolution. The viewpoints different from the previous studies[17] are put forward after studying Munsell color values, weathering degrees, magnetic parame-ters and stable carbon isotopic compositions of the section. They are as follows: (1) The curves of hue, DCB extracted iron (Fed), DCB extracted iron/total iron ratio (Fed/Fet), weathering index (BA) of the section show that the redness is not significantly correlated with the weathering degree of the layers though the uppermost yellow-brown-colored layer is relatively weakly weathered. The variation in hues of the section is possibly attributed to the change of hematite and goethite contents. It is insufficient to determine the existence of the multiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section, like the loess-paleosol sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau, only by the color variation. (2) Magnetic susceptibility (c) values in the non-reticulate and weakly reticulate layers are high; but are quite low in the reticulate red clay layer. The former are more than ten times higher than the latter because of the leaching and collapse of superparamagnetic (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) magnetic particles during the plinthitic processes. Hence, c values in the section are not controlled by weathering and pedogenic processes, and no longer have clear paleoclimatic implication. It is not correct to prove the existence of the multiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section using c curves. (3) The organic d 13C curve of the section illustrates the reduction of forests and increasing of C4 plants in the study area since the late stage of the Qua-ternary period. It could not prove the existence of the multi-ple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section either. (4) As a matter of fact, it is difficult to prove the existence of the mul-tiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the Xiangyang section like the loess-paleosol sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau using the evidence available currently.展开更多
Establishment of a creep model is an important method to analyze the relationship between soil creep deformation and time,and the element model is widely used for studying soil creep.However,the element creep model is...Establishment of a creep model is an important method to analyze the relationship between soil creep deformation and time,and the element model is widely used for studying soil creep.However,the element creep model is employed for fitting saturated soil,and the mechanical element model is generally linear,which cannot well fit the nonlinear deformation of the soil with time in practice.The creep process of the soil is not only time-dependent,but also related to the deviatoric stress level.Therefore,the fractional calculus theory and a parameter n reflecting the effect of deviatoric stress level on the creep properties of the soil were introduced into the element model,and the fractional qBurgers creep model was established by using the fractional Koeller dashpot and Caputo fractional calculus.The proposed model was used to fit the triaxial test data of reticulated red clay under different net confining pressures and matric suctions by unsaturated triaxial apparatus.The proposed model can well describe the nonlinearity of unsaturated reticulated red clay,has memory and global correlation to the creep development process of unsaturated reticulated red clay,and has clear physical meaning.The functional relationships of the model parameters with the matric suction,net confining pressure and deviatoric stress level were deduced,so that the creep curves of unsaturated reticulated red clay can be obtained for any conditions,which is of great value for the study of unsaturated soils.展开更多
The Lanshanmiao(LSM) Palaeolithic site,which was excavated in the summer of 2017 by the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,is the only excavated palaeolithic site in central Zhejiang Prov...The Lanshanmiao(LSM) Palaeolithic site,which was excavated in the summer of 2017 by the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,is the only excavated palaeolithic site in central Zhejiang Province to date.Luminescence dating methods,including optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) and thermal transfer OSL(TT-OSL) for quartz and post-infrared(IR) stimulated luminescence(p IRIR290) for feldspar,were used to determine the age of the LSM site.The results showed that the LSM section developed before 145.5 ± 12.5 ka and ended after 17.1 ± 1.0 ka.The TT-OSL dating of samples NJU2576 and NJU2615 showed that palaeolithic artifact-bearing layer was between 150 and 100 ka in age.The age range of the palaeolithic layer mainly corresponded to the transition between Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 6 and MIS5.Our study showed that hominins prominently occupied the LSM site during the glacial and interglacial stages,when it exhibited a floodplain environment.展开更多
基金This work was sup-ported by the N ational Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40101013 and 40325007).
文摘Grain-size distributions of the reticulate red clay in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, and Jiujiang, Taihe and Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province, are analyzed. The results are as follows: (1) Generally fine and uniform, grain-size charac- teristics of the reticulate red clay in Xuancheng and Jiujiang are much similar, with no >2 mm gravels, 0.30% and 1.14% of >63 μm fraction on average, respectively, and 34.65% and 37.20% of 10―50 μm fraction, which is apparently accumu- lated. The patterns of the grain-size distribution curves of the uppermost yellow-brown earth of the profiles in the two ar- eas much resemble those of the loess in northern China and the Xiashu loess in southeastern China, while the patterns of the other layers also apparently show some attributes inher- ited from the above. The grain-size distribution patterns of the quartz separated from the whole profiles in the areas are almost identical, which could also be compared with those of the loess and the Xiashu loess. All the features above reveal aeolian characteristics of the reticulated red clay in these two areas. (2) The reticulate red clay in Taihe and Ganzhou is much coarser than that in Xuancheng and Jiujiang, with high content of >63 μm fraction and relatively low content of 10―50 μm fraction. The variations in grain-size distribu- tions of the profiles are also observed. The grain-size distri- bution patterns of both the original samples and the quartz of the red clay could hardly be compared with those of the loess and the Xiashu loess. All the features above reveal their alluvial or diluvial origins. (3) The multiple origins of the reticulate red clay in the areas reflect the diversity and com- plexity of the Quaternary environment in southern China. The existence of the reticulate red clay with aeolian charac- teristics brings forth objective evidence for the occurrence of large-scale dust deposition in southern China during the Quaternary glacial periods. Further investigation and study on the regional distribution of this kind of the red
文摘网纹红土在中国南方地区有着广泛的分布,常见于各类岩土工程中。目前对网纹红土的研究主要集中在成因和粒度特性等方面,对于其非饱和特性方面的研究相对有限。本文采用滤纸法测量不同饱和度条件下网纹红土的基质吸力,利用Van Genuchten模型得到网纹红土的干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线。研究发现,由于网纹红土孔隙较小且均匀,使得网纹红土存在进气值(约为100 k Pa)相对于一般黏土较大、其土水特征曲线没有明显的残余段。利用干燥-浸湿过程的土水特征曲线对一维无限边坡的干燥和浸湿过程稳定性进行研究,发现在饱和度相同的情况下,边坡处于脱湿过程的稳定性要高于吸湿过程。随着深度的增加,脱湿与吸湿过程稳定性系数相差值减小;随着饱和度的提高,两者差值也出现减小的趋势。同时,网纹红土中基质吸力对抗滑力的贡献度较大,使得网纹红土质边坡较为稳定。
基金National Science and Technology Support Program, No.2006BAK21B02 National Basic Research Program of China, No.2003CB415201 National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40671016
文摘At about 173 ka BP of the late period of mid-Pleistocene, the second terrace of the river had been formed as a result of uplift happening in Shangshan area because of the climate, sea level change and tectonic action. Between 173-75 ka BP, aeolian deposited on the terrace, a layer of reticulate red clayey soil about 80-100 cm thick deposited and developed under the warmer and higher temperature. In the last glacial period, the drop of the temperature and the decrease of the precipitation induced the dust-storms increased, A layer of Xiashu loess about 1.0-1.5 m thick accumulated on Shangshan terrace in the last glacial, which has the reticulate red clayey soil buried. At the beginning of the Holocene （11500 a BP-）, temperature went higher gradually and precipitation got more, the pre-persons moved on the Shangshan terrace （11,400-8600 a BP）, which is one of the most important archaeological sites, and can connect the paleolithic culture with Neolithic culture. It could be assumed from the results that the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the home of rice cultivation, too. The lower place to the west of the Shangshan site experienced the two cycles process of the fluvial facies and the lacustrine facies, indicating that the water source of the pre-historical Shangshan is the river water or lake water. Two AMS 14C age proved the water source disappeared more than 1000 years ago.
文摘The Xiangyang reticulate red clay section was newly sampled in high-resolution. The viewpoints different from the previous studies[17] are put forward after studying Munsell color values, weathering degrees, magnetic parame-ters and stable carbon isotopic compositions of the section. They are as follows: (1) The curves of hue, DCB extracted iron (Fed), DCB extracted iron/total iron ratio (Fed/Fet), weathering index (BA) of the section show that the redness is not significantly correlated with the weathering degree of the layers though the uppermost yellow-brown-colored layer is relatively weakly weathered. The variation in hues of the section is possibly attributed to the change of hematite and goethite contents. It is insufficient to determine the existence of the multiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section, like the loess-paleosol sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau, only by the color variation. (2) Magnetic susceptibility (c) values in the non-reticulate and weakly reticulate layers are high; but are quite low in the reticulate red clay layer. The former are more than ten times higher than the latter because of the leaching and collapse of superparamagnetic (SP) and stable single domain (SSD) magnetic particles during the plinthitic processes. Hence, c values in the section are not controlled by weathering and pedogenic processes, and no longer have clear paleoclimatic implication. It is not correct to prove the existence of the multiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section using c curves. (3) The organic d 13C curve of the section illustrates the reduction of forests and increasing of C4 plants in the study area since the late stage of the Qua-ternary period. It could not prove the existence of the multi-ple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the section either. (4) As a matter of fact, it is difficult to prove the existence of the mul-tiple deposit-pedogenesis cycles in the Xiangyang section like the loess-paleosol sequence in Chinese Loess Plateau using the evidence available currently.
基金supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No.52025085)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2021YFB2600900)the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Special Environment Road Engineering of Hunan Province,China (Changsha University of Science and Technology) (Grant No.kfj230606).
文摘Establishment of a creep model is an important method to analyze the relationship between soil creep deformation and time,and the element model is widely used for studying soil creep.However,the element creep model is employed for fitting saturated soil,and the mechanical element model is generally linear,which cannot well fit the nonlinear deformation of the soil with time in practice.The creep process of the soil is not only time-dependent,but also related to the deviatoric stress level.Therefore,the fractional calculus theory and a parameter n reflecting the effect of deviatoric stress level on the creep properties of the soil were introduced into the element model,and the fractional qBurgers creep model was established by using the fractional Koeller dashpot and Caputo fractional calculus.The proposed model was used to fit the triaxial test data of reticulated red clay under different net confining pressures and matric suctions by unsaturated triaxial apparatus.The proposed model can well describe the nonlinearity of unsaturated reticulated red clay,has memory and global correlation to the creep development process of unsaturated reticulated red clay,and has clear physical meaning.The functional relationships of the model parameters with the matric suction,net confining pressure and deviatoric stress level were deduced,so that the creep curves of unsaturated reticulated red clay can be obtained for any conditions,which is of great value for the study of unsaturated soils.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41972185,No.41690111。
文摘The Lanshanmiao(LSM) Palaeolithic site,which was excavated in the summer of 2017 by the Zhejiang Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,is the only excavated palaeolithic site in central Zhejiang Province to date.Luminescence dating methods,including optical stimulated luminescence(OSL) and thermal transfer OSL(TT-OSL) for quartz and post-infrared(IR) stimulated luminescence(p IRIR290) for feldspar,were used to determine the age of the LSM site.The results showed that the LSM section developed before 145.5 ± 12.5 ka and ended after 17.1 ± 1.0 ka.The TT-OSL dating of samples NJU2576 and NJU2615 showed that palaeolithic artifact-bearing layer was between 150 and 100 ka in age.The age range of the palaeolithic layer mainly corresponded to the transition between Marine Isotope Stage(MIS) 6 and MIS5.Our study showed that hominins prominently occupied the LSM site during the glacial and interglacial stages,when it exhibited a floodplain environment.
