恢复效果评估是湿地恢复工程评价以及湿地后续高效管理和利用的基础。以西宁湟水国家湿地公园为案例区,构建基于生态系统特征-生态系统过程-生态系统服务(ECPS)的评估体系,筛选与区域自然环境相适应的的评价因子,采用样方调查、野外监...恢复效果评估是湿地恢复工程评价以及湿地后续高效管理和利用的基础。以西宁湟水国家湿地公园为案例区,构建基于生态系统特征-生态系统过程-生态系统服务(ECPS)的评估体系,筛选与区域自然环境相适应的的评价因子,采用样方调查、野外监测、问卷调查等方法获取评估数据,从时空尺度评价湿地恢复区植被特征、水文过程到生态系统服务变化情况,并对影响湿地恢复的主要过程和因素展开分析和讨论。结果显示,湿地恢复的综合评价指数为41分,湿地恢复效果较好:①湿地恢复区植物增加了11种,而湿地植被的平均盖度也增加了35.5%,重点监测的三种优势湿地植物(芦苇、小香蒲和篦齿眼子菜)在单位面积上的平均生物量较参照区平均增加30.9%。②从生态过程指标来看,湿地恢复区TSIp(Total System Interflow of P)指数和FCIp(Finn Cycle Index of P)指数较参照区分别提升了37.2%和26.3%,说明湿地物质交换和循环过程有一定的改善。③从生态系统服务指标的变化来看,栖息地、土壤肥力、水质净化、大气调节、休闲娱乐服务分别增加了92.3%,50.9%,98.3%,73.8%和82.6%。④从湿地恢复的影响因素来看,湿地水深、水域面积、水温和底泥颗粒粒径大小与湿地植被恢复相关,并进一步影响湿地生态过程恢复和生态系统服务的空间分布。展开更多
The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and ...The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.展开更多
文摘恢复效果评估是湿地恢复工程评价以及湿地后续高效管理和利用的基础。以西宁湟水国家湿地公园为案例区,构建基于生态系统特征-生态系统过程-生态系统服务(ECPS)的评估体系,筛选与区域自然环境相适应的的评价因子,采用样方调查、野外监测、问卷调查等方法获取评估数据,从时空尺度评价湿地恢复区植被特征、水文过程到生态系统服务变化情况,并对影响湿地恢复的主要过程和因素展开分析和讨论。结果显示,湿地恢复的综合评价指数为41分,湿地恢复效果较好:①湿地恢复区植物增加了11种,而湿地植被的平均盖度也增加了35.5%,重点监测的三种优势湿地植物(芦苇、小香蒲和篦齿眼子菜)在单位面积上的平均生物量较参照区平均增加30.9%。②从生态过程指标来看,湿地恢复区TSIp(Total System Interflow of P)指数和FCIp(Finn Cycle Index of P)指数较参照区分别提升了37.2%和26.3%,说明湿地物质交换和循环过程有一定的改善。③从生态系统服务指标的变化来看,栖息地、土壤肥力、水质净化、大气调节、休闲娱乐服务分别增加了92.3%,50.9%,98.3%,73.8%和82.6%。④从湿地恢复的影响因素来看,湿地水深、水域面积、水温和底泥颗粒粒径大小与湿地植被恢复相关,并进一步影响湿地生态过程恢复和生态系统服务的空间分布。
基金funded by Australian and Western Australian government threatened species and natural resources management initiativesGeraldton Regional Herbarium Group+4 种基金Central West College of Technical and Further EducationNorthern Agricultural Catchment CouncilWestern Mulga, Greenough Regional PrisonCity of Geraldton Community Nurserythe Department of Environment and Energy's ‘20 Million Trees Program’ and Western Australian State Natural Resource Management Program.
文摘The Southwest Australian Floristic Region(SWAFR) is a global biodiversity hotspot with high plant diversity and endemism and a broad range of threatening processes. An outcome of this is a high proportion of rare and threatened plant species. Ongoing discovery and taxonomic description of new species, many of which are rare, increases the challenges for recovery of threatened species and prioritisation of conservation actions. Current conservation of this diverse flora is based on integrated and scientific evidence-based management. Here we present an overview of current approaches to the conservation of threatened flora in the SWAFR with a focus on active management through recovery and restoration that is integrated with targeted research. Key threats include disease, fragmentation, invasive weeds, altered fire regimes, grazing, altered hydro-ecology and climate change. We highlight the integrated approach to management of threats and recovery of species with four case studies of threatened flora recovery projects that illustrate the breadth of interventions ranging from In situ management to conservation reintroductions and restoration of threatened species habitats. Our review and case studies emphasise that despite the scale of the challenge, a scientific understanding of threats and their impacts enables effective conservation actions to arrest decline and enhance recovery of threatened species and habitats.
