Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut ...Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products,with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber.This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition,serum biochemical parameters,inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation.Methods:Forty-five multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;3–6 parity)were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(d 21 post-farrowing):a control diet(CON,a corn-soybean meal diet),a sugar beet pulp diet(SBP,20%SBP during gestation and 10%SBP during lactation),and a wheat bran diet(WB,30%WB during gestation and 15%WB during lactation).Results:Compared with CON,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)lactation BW loss,reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol,non-esterified fatty acids,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and increased(P<0.05)fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation,while supplementation of WB reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation,increased(P<0.05)fecal water content and decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation.In addition,sows fed SBP had lower(P<0.01)abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON,but had greater(P<0.05)abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation.On d 21 of lactation,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,but enriched(P<0.05)the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB.Compared with CON,sows fed SBP had great展开更多
This paper proposes an online framework to characterize demand response(DR)over time.The proposed framework facilitates obtaining and updating the daily consumption patterns of customers.The essential concept of respo...This paper proposes an online framework to characterize demand response(DR)over time.The proposed framework facilitates obtaining and updating the daily consumption patterns of customers.The essential concept of response profile class(RPC)is introduced for characterization and complemented by the measure of the variability in customer behavior.This paper uses a modified version of the incremental clustering by fast search and find of density peaks(CFSFDP)algorithm for daily profiles,considering the multivariate normal kernel density estimator and incremental forms of the Davies-Bouldin(i DB)and Xie-Beni(i XB)validity indices.Case studies conducted using real-world and simulated daily profiles of residential and commercial Chilean end-users have demonstrated how the proposed framework can continuously characterize DR.The proposed framework is proven to achieve realistic customer models for effective energy management by estimating the customer response to price signals at the distribution system operator(DSO)level.展开更多
Laser transformation hardening(LTH)of unalloyed titanium of 1.6 mm-thick sheet,nearer to ASTM Grade 3 of chemical composition was investigated using 2 kW CW Nd:YAG laser.The effects of laser power(750-1 250 W),scannin...Laser transformation hardening(LTH)of unalloyed titanium of 1.6 mm-thick sheet,nearer to ASTM Grade 3 of chemical composition was investigated using 2 kW CW Nd:YAG laser.The effects of laser power(750-1 250 W),scanning speed(1 000-3 000 mm/min)and focal point position(from-10 to-30 mm)on the heat input,and hardened-bead geometry(i.e.hardened bead width(HBW),hardened depth(HD)and angle of entry of hardened bead profile with the surface(AEHB))were investigated using response surface methodology(RSM).The experimental plan is based on Box-Behnken design matrix method.Linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the heat input and the hardened bead geometry were developed.The results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of hardening parameters being used.It is suggested that regression equations can be used to find optimum hardening conditions for desired criteria.展开更多
The validity of the concept of coastal equilibritun depends upon a pnd of the ekistence of equilibrium. In addition, the methods of calculating the actual equilibrium profile and the response time are rempred. This st...The validity of the concept of coastal equilibritun depends upon a pnd of the ekistence of equilibrium. In addition, the methods of calculating the actual equilibrium profile and the response time are rempred. This study evaluates equilibriuzn conditions using evidence from EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis of the coased profile data (bed slopes and associated elevations) obtained from Poole and Christchurch Bays, southem England. The preliminary results show tha the larges eigenvalue is much greater than the other eigenvalues and the temporally-related eigenfunction is staionary;thes observation implies the existence of wilibrium. Further, the spatially-related eigenfunction associated with the largest eigenvalue is used to calculate the actual beach profile at equilibrium. Although the temporal eigenfopction may nuctuate, it recovers rapidly, indicating tha the response time is short. However, further studies are required to determine the response hme accurately.展开更多
Predatory fungi possess intricate signal transduction systems that regulate their development and support successful infection of the host.Herein,we characterized three components of the cell wall integrity-controllin...Predatory fungi possess intricate signal transduction systems that regulate their development and support successful infection of the host.Herein,we characterized three components of the cell wall integrity-controlling pathway,namely protein kinase C(Ao PKC),SLT2-MAPK(Ao SLT2),and SWI6(Ao SWI6),in a representative nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora,using gene disruption and multi-omics approaches.The phenotypic traits(such as mycelia development,conidiation,stress response,and trap morphogenesis) and metabolic profiles of ΔAopkc and ΔAoswi6 mutants were similar but differed from those of the ΔAoslt2 mutants.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the genes differentially expressed in the absence of Aoswi6 were involved in DNA replication,repair,and recombination during trap formation.Moreover,the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that Ao PKC interacted with Ao SWI6,suggesting that in A.oligospora,PKC can directly regulate SWI6,bypassing the SLT2signaling cascade.Conclusively,our findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of asexual development and lifestyle switching in nematode-trapping fungi.展开更多
Cassava,Manihot esculenta Crantz (Me),is a major dietary source of calories for over 700 million people in tropical regions.The production of cassava is constantly threatened by cassava bacterial blight (CBB),caused b...Cassava,Manihot esculenta Crantz (Me),is a major dietary source of calories for over 700 million people in tropical regions.The production of cassava is constantly threatened by cassava bacterial blight (CBB),caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis (Xam).The gene resources for CBB-resistant breeding of cassava are limited.In model plant species,ethylene response factors play important roles in response to pathogen infection.In this study,cassava ethylene response factors (MeERFs) were identified and characterized as the first step in studying their potential for CBB-resistant breeding of cassava.In the cassava genome 155 MeERFs were identified,of which 23 were induced by Xam infection.The promoter regions of204 genes harbored GCC-box that had the potential to interact with MeERFs.Using 37 transcriptomes derived from Xam infection treatment,four gene co-expression modules for the MeERFs and GCC-box containing genes were constructed.Six MeERFs were associated with two GCC-box containing genes:transcription initiation factor TFIIE subunit beta (MeTFIIE),and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHR1 (MeASHR1).Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that MeERF10 and MeERF58 positively regulated Me TFIIE;MeERF137 negatively regulated Me TFIIE;MeERF10 and MeERF137 positively regulated Me ASHR1;and MeERF35 negatively regulated Me ASHR1.The four MeERFs may mediate pathogen response by regulating the expression of the two GCC-box containing genes.展开更多
Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well a...Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions.Hence,it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA.To this effect the influence of steam blanching,fermentation/oxidation,oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated.Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology.The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared.Roasting achieved the most significant(p<0.05)improvement in phenolics(43%)and AOA(22–31%),which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds,quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside.Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics(-31%)and AOA.Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.展开更多
Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the mor...Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the morphodynamic response of Dongsha beach to typhoon events,based on beach topographies and surficial sediment characteristics acquired before and after four typhoon events with varying intensities.The four typhoons had different effects on the topography and sediment characteristics of Dongsha beach.Typhoons Ampil and Danas caused the largest(-51.72 m3/m)and the smallest erosion(-8.01 m3/m),respectively.Remarkable alongshore patterns of beach profile volumetric changes were found after the four typhoon events,with more erosion in the southern and central parts of the beach and few changes in the northern part.Grain size coarsening and poor sorting were the main sediment patterns on the beach influenced by different typhoons.Typhoons that occurred in the same year after another typhoon enhanced the effect of the previous typhoon on sediment coarsening and sorting variability,but this cumulative effect was not found between typhoons that occurred during different years.A comparison of the collected data revealed that the topographic state of the beach before the typhoon,typhoon characteristics,and tidal conditions were possible reasons for the difference in the responses of Dongsha beach to typhoon events.More severe beach erosion was caused by typhoons with higher intensity levels and longer durations,and high tide levels during typhoons can determine the upper limit of the beach profile erosion site.Taken together,these results can be used to improve beach management for storm prevention.展开更多
基金Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation(61174146,61221063)The Program for New Century Talents of Education Ministry(NCET-08-0432)The Foundation for Authors of National Outstanding Doctoral Dissertation(201047)~~
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31772612)the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(6202019).
文摘Background:Sows are frequently subjected to various stresses during late gestation and lactation,which trigger inflammatory response and metabolic disorders.Dietary fiber can influence animal health by modulating gut microbiota and their by-products,with the effects depending upon the source of the dietary fiber.This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of different fiber sources on body condition,serum biochemical parameters,inflammatory responses and fecal microbiota in sows from late gestation to lactation.Methods:Forty-five multiparous sows(Yorkshire×Landrace;3–6 parity)were assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments from d 85 of gestation to the end of lactation(d 21 post-farrowing):a control diet(CON,a corn-soybean meal diet),a sugar beet pulp diet(SBP,20%SBP during gestation and 10%SBP during lactation),and a wheat bran diet(WB,30%WB during gestation and 15%WB during lactation).Results:Compared with CON,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)lactation BW loss,reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol,non-esterified fatty acids,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α,and increased(P<0.05)fecal water content on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation,while supplementation of WB reduced(P<0.05)serum concentration of total cholesterol on d 110 of gestation,increased(P<0.05)fecal water content and decreased(P<0.05)serum interleukin-6 concentration on d 110 of gestation and d 21 of lactation.In addition,sows fed SBP had lower(P<0.01)abundance of Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and Terrisporobacter than those fed CON,but had greater(P<0.05)abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 than those fed the other two diets on d 110 of gestation.On d 21 of lactation,supplementation of SBP decreased(P<0.05)the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus,but enriched(P<0.05)the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group,Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002,Prevotellaceae_UCG_001 and unclassified_f__Lachnospiraceae compared with WB.Compared with CON,sows fed SBP had great
基金supported in part by the National Agency for Research and Development(ANID)(No.ANID-PFCHA/Doctorado-Nacional/21202246)the partial support of ANID under Grant Fondap SERC(No.15110019)。
文摘This paper proposes an online framework to characterize demand response(DR)over time.The proposed framework facilitates obtaining and updating the daily consumption patterns of customers.The essential concept of response profile class(RPC)is introduced for characterization and complemented by the measure of the variability in customer behavior.This paper uses a modified version of the incremental clustering by fast search and find of density peaks(CFSFDP)algorithm for daily profiles,considering the multivariate normal kernel density estimator and incremental forms of the Davies-Bouldin(i DB)and Xie-Beni(i XB)validity indices.Case studies conducted using real-world and simulated daily profiles of residential and commercial Chilean end-users have demonstrated how the proposed framework can continuously characterize DR.The proposed framework is proven to achieve realistic customer models for effective energy management by estimating the customer response to price signals at the distribution system operator(DSO)level.
文摘Laser transformation hardening(LTH)of unalloyed titanium of 1.6 mm-thick sheet,nearer to ASTM Grade 3 of chemical composition was investigated using 2 kW CW Nd:YAG laser.The effects of laser power(750-1 250 W),scanning speed(1 000-3 000 mm/min)and focal point position(from-10 to-30 mm)on the heat input,and hardened-bead geometry(i.e.hardened bead width(HBW),hardened depth(HD)and angle of entry of hardened bead profile with the surface(AEHB))were investigated using response surface methodology(RSM).The experimental plan is based on Box-Behnken design matrix method.Linear and quadratic polynomial equations for predicting the heat input and the hardened bead geometry were developed.The results indicate that the proposed models predict the responses adequately within the limits of hardening parameters being used.It is suggested that regression equations can be used to find optimum hardening conditions for desired criteria.
文摘The validity of the concept of coastal equilibritun depends upon a pnd of the ekistence of equilibrium. In addition, the methods of calculating the actual equilibrium profile and the response time are rempred. This study evaluates equilibriuzn conditions using evidence from EOF (empirical orthogonal function) analysis of the coased profile data (bed slopes and associated elevations) obtained from Poole and Christchurch Bays, southem England. The preliminary results show tha the larges eigenvalue is much greater than the other eigenvalues and the temporally-related eigenfunction is staionary;thes observation implies the existence of wilibrium. Further, the spatially-related eigenfunction associated with the largest eigenvalue is used to calculate the actual beach profile at equilibrium. Although the temporal eigenfopction may nuctuate, it recovers rapidly, indicating tha the response time is short. However, further studies are required to determine the response hme accurately.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960556,U1402265,32160665)the Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province(202001BB050004)Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Yunnan Province。
文摘Predatory fungi possess intricate signal transduction systems that regulate their development and support successful infection of the host.Herein,we characterized three components of the cell wall integrity-controlling pathway,namely protein kinase C(Ao PKC),SLT2-MAPK(Ao SLT2),and SWI6(Ao SWI6),in a representative nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora,using gene disruption and multi-omics approaches.The phenotypic traits(such as mycelia development,conidiation,stress response,and trap morphogenesis) and metabolic profiles of ΔAopkc and ΔAoswi6 mutants were similar but differed from those of the ΔAoslt2 mutants.Transcriptomic analysis indicated that the genes differentially expressed in the absence of Aoswi6 were involved in DNA replication,repair,and recombination during trap formation.Moreover,the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that Ao PKC interacted with Ao SWI6,suggesting that in A.oligospora,PKC can directly regulate SWI6,bypassing the SLT2signaling cascade.Conclusively,our findings deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of asexual development and lifestyle switching in nematode-trapping fungi.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (2018CXTD330 and 318QN204)Key R&D Program of Hainan Province (ZDYF2019063)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System (CARS11-hncyh)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31560497)。
文摘Cassava,Manihot esculenta Crantz (Me),is a major dietary source of calories for over 700 million people in tropical regions.The production of cassava is constantly threatened by cassava bacterial blight (CBB),caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.manihotis (Xam).The gene resources for CBB-resistant breeding of cassava are limited.In model plant species,ethylene response factors play important roles in response to pathogen infection.In this study,cassava ethylene response factors (MeERFs) were identified and characterized as the first step in studying their potential for CBB-resistant breeding of cassava.In the cassava genome 155 MeERFs were identified,of which 23 were induced by Xam infection.The promoter regions of204 genes harbored GCC-box that had the potential to interact with MeERFs.Using 37 transcriptomes derived from Xam infection treatment,four gene co-expression modules for the MeERFs and GCC-box containing genes were constructed.Six MeERFs were associated with two GCC-box containing genes:transcription initiation factor TFIIE subunit beta (MeTFIIE),and histone-lysine N-methyltransferase ASHR1 (MeASHR1).Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that MeERF10 and MeERF58 positively regulated Me TFIIE;MeERF137 negatively regulated Me TFIIE;MeERF10 and MeERF137 positively regulated Me ASHR1;and MeERF35 negatively regulated Me ASHR1.The four MeERFs may mediate pathogen response by regulating the expression of the two GCC-box containing genes.
基金TWAS-CSIR postgraduate fellowship program(FR number:3240280447 to Mr.Nobossé).
文摘Moringa oleifera leaves are an important source of dietary phytochemicals,such as flavonoids with high antioxidant activity(AOA).These components are however influenced by the post-harvest treatments applied as well as the processing conditions.Hence,it is crucial to determine the most appropriate post-harvest treatment that preserves or enhances AOA.To this effect the influence of steam blanching,fermentation/oxidation,oven drying and roasting of fresh Moringa leaves on their AOA was investigated.Processing conditions of time and temperature for each treatment were optimised using response surface methodology.The effect of the different treatments at optimal conditions on phenolic profile and AOA were compared.Roasting achieved the most significant(p<0.05)improvement in phenolics(43%)and AOA(22–31%),which was accompanied by the formation of 2 new compounds,quercetin-3-O-acetylglucoside and Quercetine-3-O-rhamnoside.Steam blanching had the most deleterious effect on phenolics(-31%)and AOA.Post-harvest treatments qualitatively and quantitatively affect phytochemical profile of Moringa leaves.
基金The Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.LHZ22D060001the Scientific Research Funds of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources under contract Nos JG2315 and XRJH2309the National Key R&D Program of China under contract No.2022YFC3106200.
文摘Beach erosion has occurred globally in recent decades due to frequent and severe storms.Dongsha beach,located in Zhujiajian Island,Zhejiang Province,China,is a typical embayed sandy beach.This study focused on the morphodynamic response of Dongsha beach to typhoon events,based on beach topographies and surficial sediment characteristics acquired before and after four typhoon events with varying intensities.The four typhoons had different effects on the topography and sediment characteristics of Dongsha beach.Typhoons Ampil and Danas caused the largest(-51.72 m3/m)and the smallest erosion(-8.01 m3/m),respectively.Remarkable alongshore patterns of beach profile volumetric changes were found after the four typhoon events,with more erosion in the southern and central parts of the beach and few changes in the northern part.Grain size coarsening and poor sorting were the main sediment patterns on the beach influenced by different typhoons.Typhoons that occurred in the same year after another typhoon enhanced the effect of the previous typhoon on sediment coarsening and sorting variability,but this cumulative effect was not found between typhoons that occurred during different years.A comparison of the collected data revealed that the topographic state of the beach before the typhoon,typhoon characteristics,and tidal conditions were possible reasons for the difference in the responses of Dongsha beach to typhoon events.More severe beach erosion was caused by typhoons with higher intensity levels and longer durations,and high tide levels during typhoons can determine the upper limit of the beach profile erosion site.Taken together,these results can be used to improve beach management for storm prevention.
