Based on a semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling method,this study proposed a method that uses the minimum distance between the fluid grid and the particle boundary as a reference value to determine the degree of influence o...Based on a semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling method,this study proposed a method that uses the minimum distance between the fluid grid and the particle boundary as a reference value to determine the degree of influence of the target fluid grid on the particle's drag force.A fluidized bed of rod-like particles was chosen as a typical case to investigate the effect of different fluid grid scales on various fluidized bed characteristic parameters.The calculation performance of the semi-resolved and unre-solved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm on key fluidized bed characteristic parameters such as average pressure drop,particle frequency distribution with bed height,and particle orientation distribution were compared.It was found that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm gradually obtained results with higher consistency with decreasing fluid grid scale for key parameters such as particle frequency distribution with bed height,particle orientation distribution,and time-history mixing index,exhibiting a phenomenon similar to grid independence in fluid simulation.By comparing with experimental results,it was verified that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm can be applied to simulate multi-granular gas-solid systems with fluid grid scales equivalent to particle scales.This algorithm solves the limitation of fluid grid scale in the unresolved CFD-DEM coupling framework and improves the grid adaptability of the CFD-DEM coupling simulation algorithm.展开更多
This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized particles.The fluid mome...This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized particles.The fluid momentum equations are solved by using the fractional step method,while the energy equation is solved by employing the second-order Adams-Bashforth method.For efficient load balancing between the CPU cores,the coupling between particles and fluid is obtained by applying the body force in the fluid equations,which depends on the solid volume fraction of particles contained in each grid cell,and then by linearly interpolating the particle temperature and velocity on the fluid grid cell(in place of the delta function commonly used in literature).Several test cases from the literature are studied,and good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the literature.Finally,a scaling study on multiple core machines is performed,demonstrating the proposed IBM's capabilities for a significant reduction in processing time.展开更多
In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations（LES） are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction（SVF） of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding ...In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations（LES） are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction（SVF） of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders（rigid plant stems） of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers（SSLs） forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case（21.5%）, the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which s展开更多
The thermoelectric compound TiS2 is studied by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） as well as the on-sit...The thermoelectric compound TiS2 is studied by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） as well as the on-site Coulomb interaction correction （＋U）. The Seebeck coefficient of TiS2 is calculated based on the electronic structure obtained within the GGA under the consideration of the on-site Coulomb interaction. The calculated Seebeck coefficient at 300K shows that Coulomb interaction U in the range of 4.97-5.42eV is important to reproduce the experimental data. The obtained energy gap Eg around 0.05 eV indicates that TiS2 is an indirect narrow-gap semiconductor.展开更多
提供了一种新的钢液无污染脱氧的方法。对比研究了在钢液与CaO(35%)-Al2O3(55%)-MgO(10%)(质量分数)熔渣间不加电压(断路),外加电压U=0.5 V和U=1.0 V 3种条件下的脱氧情况,试验结果表明脱氧速率随着外加电压的增加而增加。此外,推导并...提供了一种新的钢液无污染脱氧的方法。对比研究了在钢液与CaO(35%)-Al2O3(55%)-MgO(10%)(质量分数)熔渣间不加电压(断路),外加电压U=0.5 V和U=1.0 V 3种条件下的脱氧情况,试验结果表明脱氧速率随着外加电压的增加而增加。此外,推导并分析了电化学脱氧的机制方程,发现可以通过增强钢液搅拌强度,加大外加电压,选择高电导率、高碱度、低黏度的渣系,降低外电路电阻等措施来加快电化学脱氧的速度。展开更多
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No.11972250)the National Key R&D Program of China (grant Nos.22YFE0207000 and 2022YFC3004505).
文摘Based on a semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling method,this study proposed a method that uses the minimum distance between the fluid grid and the particle boundary as a reference value to determine the degree of influence of the target fluid grid on the particle's drag force.A fluidized bed of rod-like particles was chosen as a typical case to investigate the effect of different fluid grid scales on various fluidized bed characteristic parameters.The calculation performance of the semi-resolved and unre-solved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm on key fluidized bed characteristic parameters such as average pressure drop,particle frequency distribution with bed height,and particle orientation distribution were compared.It was found that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm gradually obtained results with higher consistency with decreasing fluid grid scale for key parameters such as particle frequency distribution with bed height,particle orientation distribution,and time-history mixing index,exhibiting a phenomenon similar to grid independence in fluid simulation.By comparing with experimental results,it was verified that the semi-resolved CFD-DEM coupling algorithm can be applied to simulate multi-granular gas-solid systems with fluid grid scales equivalent to particle scales.This algorithm solves the limitation of fluid grid scale in the unresolved CFD-DEM coupling framework and improves the grid adaptability of the CFD-DEM coupling simulation algorithm.
文摘This paper investigates an efficient immersed boundary method(IBM)for multiple-core CPU machines with local grid refinement for the calculation of heat transfer between fluids and finite-sized particles.The fluid momentum equations are solved by using the fractional step method,while the energy equation is solved by employing the second-order Adams-Bashforth method.For efficient load balancing between the CPU cores,the coupling between particles and fluid is obtained by applying the body force in the fluid equations,which depends on the solid volume fraction of particles contained in each grid cell,and then by linearly interpolating the particle temperature and velocity on the fluid grid cell(in place of the delta function commonly used in literature).Several test cases from the literature are studied,and good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the literature.Finally,a scaling study on multiple core machines is performed,demonstrating the proposed IBM's capabilities for a significant reduction in processing time.
基金financial support from the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, subjected to the project EDISON (Education-research Integration through Simulation On the Net, NRF-2011-0020560)
文摘In the present study, 2-D large eddy simulations（LES） are conducted for flow past a porous circular array with a solid volume fraction（SVF） of 8.8%, 15.4% and 21.5%. Such simulations are relevant to understanding flow in natural streams and channels containing patches of emerged vegetation. In the simulations discussed in the paper, the porous cylinder of diameter D contains a variable number of identical solid circular cylinders（rigid plant stems） of diameter d= 0.048 D. Most of the simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number of 2 100 based on the diameter D and the velocity of the steady uniform incoming flow. Though in all cases wake billows are shed in the regions where the separated shear layers（SSLs） forming on the sides of the porous cylinder interact, the effect of these wake billows on the mean drag is different. While in the high SVF case（21.5%）, the total drag force oscillates quasi-regularly in time, similar to the canonical case of a large solid cylinder, in the cases with a lower SVF the shedding of the wake billows takes place sufficiently far from the cylinder such that the unsteady component of the total drag force is negligible. The mean amplitude of the oscillations of the drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest in a streamwise band centered around the center of the porous cylinder, where the wake to wake interactions are the strongest. In all cases the maximum drag force on the individual cylinders is the largest for the cylinders directly exposed to the flow, but this force is always smaller than the one induced on a small isolated cylinder and the average magnitude of the force on the cylinders directly exposed to the flow decreases monotonically with the increase in the SVF. Predictions of the global drag coefficients, Strouhal numbers associated with the wake vortex shedding and individual forces on the cylinders in the array from the present LES are in very good agreement with those of 2-D direct numerical simulations conducted on finer meshes, which s
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 10504036 and 50472097, the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Project of China under Grant No 2005CB623603, the Knowledge Innovation Programme of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Director Grants of Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences.
文摘The thermoelectric compound TiS2 is studied by using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method on the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） as well as the on-site Coulomb interaction correction （＋U）. The Seebeck coefficient of TiS2 is calculated based on the electronic structure obtained within the GGA under the consideration of the on-site Coulomb interaction. The calculated Seebeck coefficient at 300K shows that Coulomb interaction U in the range of 4.97-5.42eV is important to reproduce the experimental data. The obtained energy gap Eg around 0.05 eV indicates that TiS2 is an indirect narrow-gap semiconductor.
文摘提供了一种新的钢液无污染脱氧的方法。对比研究了在钢液与CaO(35%)-Al2O3(55%)-MgO(10%)(质量分数)熔渣间不加电压(断路),外加电压U=0.5 V和U=1.0 V 3种条件下的脱氧情况,试验结果表明脱氧速率随着外加电压的增加而增加。此外,推导并分析了电化学脱氧的机制方程,发现可以通过增强钢液搅拌强度,加大外加电压,选择高电导率、高碱度、低黏度的渣系,降低外电路电阻等措施来加快电化学脱氧的速度。
