This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users＇ satisfaction with dwelling units is a meas...This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users＇ satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure of the performance of residential buildings in meeting their needs and expectations. A cross sectional survey of 452 household heads in nine public housing estates was conducted in the study area. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and observation schedule; and were subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. A mean satisfaction score of 3.21 was observed; indicating that the respondents were generally satisfied with the performance of the different components of the buildings. Satisfaction levels were generally higher with privacy and sizes of living and sleeping areas than the availability of water and electricity in the buildings. The type, location and aesthetic appearance as well as size of main activity areas were the most predominant factors that determined satisfaction and indeed the performance of the buildings in meeting users＇ needs and expectations. The paper highlights critical areas where attention is needed in order to improve the performance of residential buildings and users＇ satisfaction with public housing projects in Nigeria.展开更多
Power systems are being transformed to enhance the sustainability.This paper contributes to the knowledge regarding the operational process of future power networks by developing a realistic and stochastic charging mo...Power systems are being transformed to enhance the sustainability.This paper contributes to the knowledge regarding the operational process of future power networks by developing a realistic and stochastic charging model of electric vehicles(EVs).Large-scale integration of EVs into residential distribution networks(RDNs)is an evolving issue of paramount significance for utility operators.Unbalanced voltages prevent effective and reliable operation of RDNs.Diversified EV loads require a stochastic approach to predict EVs charging demand,consequently,a probabilistic model is developed to account several realistic aspects comprising charging time,battery capacity,driving mileage,state-of-charge,traveling frequency,charging power,and time-of-use mechanism under peak and off-peak charging strategies.An attempt is made to examine risks associated with RDNs by applying a stochastic model of EVs charging pattern.The output of EV stochastic model obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations is utilized to evaluate the power quality parameters of RDNs.The equipment capability of RDNs must be evaluated to determine the potential overloads.Performance specifications of RDNs including voltage unbalance factor,voltage behavior,domestic transformer limits and feeder losses are assessed in context to EV charging scenarios with various charging power levels at different penetration levels.Moreover,the impact assessment of EVs on RDNs is found to majorly rely on the type and location of a power network.展开更多
Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reve...Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.展开更多
文摘This study assessed the performance of residential buildings in public housing estates in urban areas of Ogun State Southwest Nigeria. It was based on the notion that users＇ satisfaction with dwelling units is a measure of the performance of residential buildings in meeting their needs and expectations. A cross sectional survey of 452 household heads in nine public housing estates was conducted in the study area. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire and observation schedule; and were subjected to descriptive statistics and factor analysis. A mean satisfaction score of 3.21 was observed; indicating that the respondents were generally satisfied with the performance of the different components of the buildings. Satisfaction levels were generally higher with privacy and sizes of living and sleeping areas than the availability of water and electricity in the buildings. The type, location and aesthetic appearance as well as size of main activity areas were the most predominant factors that determined satisfaction and indeed the performance of the buildings in meeting users＇ needs and expectations. The paper highlights critical areas where attention is needed in order to improve the performance of residential buildings and users＇ satisfaction with public housing projects in Nigeria.
文摘Power systems are being transformed to enhance the sustainability.This paper contributes to the knowledge regarding the operational process of future power networks by developing a realistic and stochastic charging model of electric vehicles(EVs).Large-scale integration of EVs into residential distribution networks(RDNs)is an evolving issue of paramount significance for utility operators.Unbalanced voltages prevent effective and reliable operation of RDNs.Diversified EV loads require a stochastic approach to predict EVs charging demand,consequently,a probabilistic model is developed to account several realistic aspects comprising charging time,battery capacity,driving mileage,state-of-charge,traveling frequency,charging power,and time-of-use mechanism under peak and off-peak charging strategies.An attempt is made to examine risks associated with RDNs by applying a stochastic model of EVs charging pattern.The output of EV stochastic model obtained from Monte-Carlo simulations is utilized to evaluate the power quality parameters of RDNs.The equipment capability of RDNs must be evaluated to determine the potential overloads.Performance specifications of RDNs including voltage unbalance factor,voltage behavior,domestic transformer limits and feeder losses are assessed in context to EV charging scenarios with various charging power levels at different penetration levels.Moreover,the impact assessment of EVs on RDNs is found to majorly rely on the type and location of a power network.
基金Sponsored by the Strategic Japanese-Chinese Cooperation Program (Grant No.2011DFA91210)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HIT.NSRIF.2014075),the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.HIT.KISTP.201419)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No.E201316)
文摘Piloti is commonly used in tropical and subtropical climate zones to get high wind velocity and create shadowed areas in order to optimize the living environment of residential blocks,but there are few studies to reveal the influence of piloti on the radiant environment of residential blocks systematically. Taking the city of Guangzhou as an example,using 3-D Unsteady State Heat Balance Radiation Calculation Method,this paper shows that the mean radiant temperature( MRT) under piloti area increases with the increase of piloti ratio,and especially when piloti ratio is equal to 100%,the MRT increase trend becomes sharp. The MRT of exposed area decreases with the increase of piloti ratio,especially when piloti ratio reaches 100%,the decrease trend of MRT becomes sharp,which offers the reference for the study on piloti design in subtropical climate zones and further research on living environment by CFD simulation in residential blocks.
