Increasing density is one of the important factors for producing high quality powder metallurgy （PM） parts, which has beneficial effect on mechanical properties. One of the common techniques for achieving this goal ...Increasing density is one of the important factors for producing high quality powder metallurgy （PM） parts, which has beneficial effect on mechanical properties. One of the common techniques for achieving this goal is double compacting, which seems to be a potentially attractive method in PM route, also for Cr-Mo alloyed-steels. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of first compacting pressure and intermediate annealing temperature on attaining higher densities and minimum interconnected porosity for Cr-Mo pre-alloyed steel. The effect of mentioned parameters was studied by measuring density, transverse rupture strength and macrohardness of repressed samples. The results show that for each first compacting pressure, the density range of repressed samples increases with the increasing annealing temperature up to a certain limit, due to C dissolution which causes free porosity and further densifieation. Annealing temperatures higher than optimum one should be avoided, since too much carbon dissolution results in harder and less deformable compacts. On the other hand, with regard to repressed density and other resulted properties, the amount of first compacting pressure offers considerable advantage in obtaining higher level of density and consequently improved mechanical properties.展开更多
To better understand the mechanism of sugar signaling in rice cell, the suspension-cultured rice cells were transferred from sucrose-containing (+S) to sucrose-free (-S) of MS culture medium, we found that ribosomal R...To better understand the mechanism of sugar signaling in rice cell, the suspension-cultured rice cells were transferred from sucrose-containing (+S) to sucrose-free (-S) of MS culture medium, we found that ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) were degraded progressively. This suggests that carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate were recycled in this process and the reduction in cellular rRNAs might lead to decreased translation to save energy in response to sugar starvation. Differential screening revealed that two groups of genes, sugar-starvation-repressed (SSR) and sugar-starvation-activated (SSA) genes, were regulated by sugar in an opposing manner. Northern-blot analysis showed that two major hybridization signals of 0.8 and 1.9 kb were induced strongly under sugar starvation. The two populations of genes corresponded with homologs of α-amylases (1.9 kb) and the glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) gene family (0.8 kb), and all were SSA genes. Expression of GRP genes was strongly induced in sugar-starved cells, which suggests that GRPs may help to protect cells against nutritional stress. Treatment of +S and -S cells with the protein kinase (PK) inhibitor staurosporine (St) and the serine/theronine phosphoprotein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) revealed that PP1 and PP2A (PPs) might be involved in increasing SSR gene expression in +S cells, and that activation of the majority of the SSA genes in -S cells might be due to PKs activity. These results suggested that PKs and PPs might be involved in the sugar regulation of SSR and SSA gene expression. An in-gel PK activity assay demonstrated that the activity of two classes of PKs (50 and 66 kDa) may be induced rapidly after transfer of +S cells to -S medium. Following transfer of -S cells to +S medium, a novel class of 38 kDa PK was induced rapidly and showed high activity. The 38 kDa PK might play a role in sugar sensing, and the 50 and 66 kDa PKs might play roles in signal sensing under sugar starvation in rice cells. These results provide valuable informat展开更多
从青杄的cDNA文库中筛选出一个生长素抑制蛋白基因PwARP-1(Auxin-repressed protein 1),并通过RACE-PCR技术获得PwARP-1 cDNA全长。生物信息学分析显示,PwARP-1基因编码155个氨基酸残基的蛋白,分子量为17.1 kD,理论等电点为10.07,富含...从青杄的cDNA文库中筛选出一个生长素抑制蛋白基因PwARP-1(Auxin-repressed protein 1),并通过RACE-PCR技术获得PwARP-1 cDNA全长。生物信息学分析显示,PwARP-1基因编码155个氨基酸残基的蛋白,分子量为17.1 kD,理论等电点为10.07,富含无规则卷曲。以多年生青杄和青杄幼苗为研究材料,通过RT-qPCR技术检测PwARP-1的组织特异性表达、激素的响应模式及种子萌发过程中的表达量模式。结果表明,PwARP-1在青杄各个组织中均有表达,在花粉中表达量最高,在种子中的表达量最低。PwARP-1在种子萌发过程中表达量呈先上升,在第10天表达量达到最高后开始下降。进一步试验表明,PwARP-1能响应多种逆境胁迫和激素处理。在赤霉素(GA)和生长素(IAA)处理下PwARP-1的表达量被抑制。在干旱胁迫和油菜素内酯(BR)激素处理下PwARP-1的表达量逐渐升高,而在在盐胁迫、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和脱落酸(ABA)等激素处理下PwARP-1的表达量先下降后上升。这些结果显示PwARP-1可能参与了植物种子萌发、多种逆境胁迫和激素响应过程。展开更多
文摘Increasing density is one of the important factors for producing high quality powder metallurgy （PM） parts, which has beneficial effect on mechanical properties. One of the common techniques for achieving this goal is double compacting, which seems to be a potentially attractive method in PM route, also for Cr-Mo alloyed-steels. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of first compacting pressure and intermediate annealing temperature on attaining higher densities and minimum interconnected porosity for Cr-Mo pre-alloyed steel. The effect of mentioned parameters was studied by measuring density, transverse rupture strength and macrohardness of repressed samples. The results show that for each first compacting pressure, the density range of repressed samples increases with the increasing annealing temperature up to a certain limit, due to C dissolution which causes free porosity and further densifieation. Annealing temperatures higher than optimum one should be avoided, since too much carbon dissolution results in harder and less deformable compacts. On the other hand, with regard to repressed density and other resulted properties, the amount of first compacting pressure offers considerable advantage in obtaining higher level of density and consequently improved mechanical properties.
文摘To better understand the mechanism of sugar signaling in rice cell, the suspension-cultured rice cells were transferred from sucrose-containing (+S) to sucrose-free (-S) of MS culture medium, we found that ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) were degraded progressively. This suggests that carbon, nitrogen, and phosphate were recycled in this process and the reduction in cellular rRNAs might lead to decreased translation to save energy in response to sugar starvation. Differential screening revealed that two groups of genes, sugar-starvation-repressed (SSR) and sugar-starvation-activated (SSA) genes, were regulated by sugar in an opposing manner. Northern-blot analysis showed that two major hybridization signals of 0.8 and 1.9 kb were induced strongly under sugar starvation. The two populations of genes corresponded with homologs of α-amylases (1.9 kb) and the glycine-rich proteins (GRPs) gene family (0.8 kb), and all were SSA genes. Expression of GRP genes was strongly induced in sugar-starved cells, which suggests that GRPs may help to protect cells against nutritional stress. Treatment of +S and -S cells with the protein kinase (PK) inhibitor staurosporine (St) and the serine/theronine phosphoprotein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) revealed that PP1 and PP2A (PPs) might be involved in increasing SSR gene expression in +S cells, and that activation of the majority of the SSA genes in -S cells might be due to PKs activity. These results suggested that PKs and PPs might be involved in the sugar regulation of SSR and SSA gene expression. An in-gel PK activity assay demonstrated that the activity of two classes of PKs (50 and 66 kDa) may be induced rapidly after transfer of +S cells to -S medium. Following transfer of -S cells to +S medium, a novel class of 38 kDa PK was induced rapidly and showed high activity. The 38 kDa PK might play a role in sugar sensing, and the 50 and 66 kDa PKs might play roles in signal sensing under sugar starvation in rice cells. These results provide valuable informat
文摘从青杄的cDNA文库中筛选出一个生长素抑制蛋白基因PwARP-1(Auxin-repressed protein 1),并通过RACE-PCR技术获得PwARP-1 cDNA全长。生物信息学分析显示,PwARP-1基因编码155个氨基酸残基的蛋白,分子量为17.1 kD,理论等电点为10.07,富含无规则卷曲。以多年生青杄和青杄幼苗为研究材料,通过RT-qPCR技术检测PwARP-1的组织特异性表达、激素的响应模式及种子萌发过程中的表达量模式。结果表明,PwARP-1在青杄各个组织中均有表达,在花粉中表达量最高,在种子中的表达量最低。PwARP-1在种子萌发过程中表达量呈先上升,在第10天表达量达到最高后开始下降。进一步试验表明,PwARP-1能响应多种逆境胁迫和激素处理。在赤霉素(GA)和生长素(IAA)处理下PwARP-1的表达量被抑制。在干旱胁迫和油菜素内酯(BR)激素处理下PwARP-1的表达量逐渐升高,而在在盐胁迫、茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)和脱落酸(ABA)等激素处理下PwARP-1的表达量先下降后上升。这些结果显示PwARP-1可能参与了植物种子萌发、多种逆境胁迫和激素响应过程。
