1.Background China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three decades.Specifically,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a w...1.Background China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three decades.Specifically,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a western-style meat-dominated diet（Yu and Abler 2009;Tian and Yu 2013）.In traditional China meat was regarded as a rarity and normally consumed during festivals,now it has become daily food for most Chinese consumers.展开更多
Hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeons sometimes encounter an aberrant(or replaced)right hepatic artery(a-RHA,Hiatt types III-VI)during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Arterial flow cutoff to the a-RHA may be associated with a...Hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeons sometimes encounter an aberrant(or replaced)right hepatic artery(a-RHA,Hiatt types III-VI)during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Arterial flow cutoff to the a-RHA may be associated with a biliary leak or stenosis at the choledocho-jejunostomy and liver ischemia,resulting in ischemic cholangitis,liver abscess,and sepsis(1).展开更多
Nested multilayer mirrors are commonly used in X ray telescope structure to increase the collecting area. To balance the difficulty and cost of producing these mirrors, Wolter-I structures are replaced with conical Wo...Nested multilayer mirrors are commonly used in X ray telescope structure to increase the collecting area. To balance the difficulty and cost of producing these mirrors, Wolter-I structures are replaced with conical Wolter-I structures, but these can lead to significantly poorer angular resolutions. In this Letter, we consider changing one of the mirror shapes（paraboloid or hyperboloid） of a Wolter-I structure to a conical mirror shape, while the other mirror shape remains a quadric surface-type structure, which can thus ensure the imaging quality. The cone-hyperboloid structure is nested to obtain on-axis angular resolution and off-axis images.展开更多
Vascular anatomy of the liver is varied,and the 'standard'anatomy is seen in 55%-80%of cases.It is very important that extrahepatic arteries are identified precisely at the time of graft procurement to avoid i...Vascular anatomy of the liver is varied,and the 'standard'anatomy is seen in 55%-80%of cases.It is very important that extrahepatic arteries are identified precisely at the time of graft procurement to avoid injuries that might compromise the liver function.In the present case the liver donor had the vascular anatomy of Michels typeⅦ,e.g.a hepatic artery originating from the celiac trunk and going to the left lobe,an accessory left hepatic artery coming from the left gastric artery,and a replaced right hepatic artery coming from the superior mesenteric artery.This pattern of vascular supply is uncommon,representing less than 5%of cases.The replaced hepatic artery was reconstructed in the back-table with polypropylene suture 7.0 by connecting it to the stump of the splenic artery,and the celiac trunk of the graft was anastomosed to the recipient common hepatic artery.展开更多
Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,t...Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,the phases were composed of cementite with a small amount ofα-Fe at a sintering temperature of 1 173 K,but the microstructure became single-phase alloyed cementite as the Cr content was further increased.It showed that microaddition of Cr was beneficial for promoting the formation of cementite.Furthermore,the mechanical performance of cementite can be greatly affected by the variation of Cr content.The hardness,elastic modulus and elastic recovery presented a remarkably increasing tendency with the addition of Cr,and the maximum micro-hardness and elastic modulus values reached 1 070.74 HV and 199.32 GPa,respectively,which were similar to the precipitation phase（cementite）obtained by melting and casting techniques.Moreover,when the Cr content was below 11.51mass%,the crystal structure of Fe3C-type cementite would not change with increasing the Cr content.A Cr atom replaced an Fe atom in the lattice of the cementite,and voids appeared when Cr was doped into the cementite at content of about11.51mass%,causing the relative density to decrease.展开更多
In order to clarify the mechanism for the inhibitory action of the Bacillus subtilis strain HAS on Sporisorium scitamineum （ Syd. ）, which can cause sugarcane smut, the full-length TasA gene which encodes a protein ...In order to clarify the mechanism for the inhibitory action of the Bacillus subtilis strain HAS on Sporisorium scitamineum （ Syd. ）, which can cause sugarcane smut, the full-length TasA gene which encodes a protein with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, was PCR-amplified from HAS, and cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequence analysis indicated that the full-length TasA cloned from HAS consisted of 786 nucleotides, and shared 99% homology in nucleotide sequence with the TasA gene sequence published in Genbank （AJ871386.1）. It was predicted that the molecular weight of TasA protein was about 28 kD. Base transitions or transversions ~curred at positions 104, 164, 169,250, 399,623 and 627, at the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd , 1st , 3rd, 2nd and 3rd bases of TasA codons. The mutations in the seven bases may cause the missense mutations of the polypeptide chain. Compared with the amino acid sequences of the TasA protein encoded by Bacillus aubtilis subsp, subtilis str. 168, mutations in two amino acids at positions 150 and 209 of the protein encoded by the cloned TasA gene were found, and as a result, an ala- nine was replaced with a threonine.展开更多
Background:Aberrant right hepatic arteries(aRHA)are frequently encountered during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Their effects on surgical morbidity and resection margin are still debated.This study aimed to compare the ...Background:Aberrant right hepatic arteries(aRHA)are frequently encountered during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Their effects on surgical morbidity and resection margin are still debated.This study aimed to compare the short term and long term outcomes in patients with and without aRHA.Methods:A single-center retrospective analysis of 353 consecutive PD during a 5-year period was done.The type of arterial supply was determined preoperatively by CT and confirmed at surgery.Hiatt types III-VI included some type of aRHA and comprised the study group.Hiatt types I and II were considered irrelevant for PD and used as controls.Primary endpoints were the rates of major postoperative complications and the rate of R0-resection in cases of malignant disease.Secondary endpoints included duration of surgery,postoperative stay,number of harvested lymph nodes and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.Own results were compared to existent data using a systematic review of the literature.Results:No aRHA had to be sacrificed or reconstructed.Surgical morbidity and specific complications such as post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage(PPH),pancreatic fistula and bile leak were the same in patients with and without aRHA.There was no significant difference in operative time,blood loss,length of ICU-and hospital stay.Patients with malignancy had similar high rates of R0-resection and identical number of harvested lymph nodes.Survival of patients with pancreatic cancer was not affected by aRHA.Conclusions:aRHA may be preserved in virtually all cases of PD for resectable pancreatic head lesions without increasing surgical morbidity and without compromising oncological radicality in patients with cancer,provided the variant anatomy is being recognised on preoperative CT and a meticulous surgical technique is used.展开更多
Sinochem Group announced on August 7th that the United States International TradeCommission (ITC) has reversed an earlier ruling by the chief administrative law judge andterminated the investigation against Sinochem i...Sinochem Group announced on August 7th that the United States International TradeCommission (ITC) has reversed an earlier ruling by the chief administrative law judge andterminated the investigation against Sinochem in its entirety with a finding of no violation.The case involved a process for making R-134a, a coolant that replaced ozone depletingR-12.展开更多
The paper considers the random L-Dirichlet seriesf（s,ω）=sum from n=1 to ∞ P<sub>n</sub>（s,ω）exp（-λ<sub>n</sub>s）and the random B-Dirichlet seriesψτ<sub>0</sub>（s,ω）=s...The paper considers the random L-Dirichlet seriesf（s,ω）=sum from n=1 to ∞ P<sub>n</sub>（s,ω）exp（-λ<sub>n</sub>s）and the random B-Dirichlet seriesψτ<sub>0</sub>（s,ω）=sum from n=1 to ∞ P<sub>n</sub>（σ+iτ<sub>0</sub>,ω）exp（-λ<sub>n</sub>s）,where {λ<sub>n</sub>} is a sequence of positive numbers tending strictly monotonically to infinity, τ<sub>0</sub>∈R is a fixed real number, andP<sub>n</sub>（s,ω）=sum from j=1 to m<sub>n</sub> ε<sub>nj</sub>a<sub>nj</sub>s<sup>j</sup>a random complex polynomial of order m<sub>n</sub>, with {ε<sub>nj</sub>} denoting a Rademacher sequence and {a<sub>nj</sub>} a sequence of complex constants. It is shown here that under certain very general conditions, almost all the random entire functions f（s,ω） and ψ<sub>τ<sub>0</sub></sub>（s,ω） have, in every horizontal strip, the same order, given byρ=lim sup(（λ<sub>n</sub>logλ<sub>n</sub>）/(log A<sub>n</sub><sup>-1</sup>))whereA<sub>n</sub>=max |a<sub>nj</sub>|.Similar results are given if the Rademacher sequence {ε<sub>nj</sub>} is replaced by a steinhaus seqence or a complex normal sequence.展开更多
Hemoglobin M (HbM) is one kind of abnormal hemoglobin which leads to the genetic methemoglobin disease. So far five hemoglobins M have been already reported. The hemoglobin M we studied in this note was found in Shang...Hemoglobin M (HbM) is one kind of abnormal hemoglobin which leads to the genetic methemoglobin disease. So far five hemoglobins M have been already reported. The hemoglobin M we studied in this note was found in Shanghai. It was confirmed that the hemoglobin was the HbMIwat (87 (FS) IIis→Tyr) by analyzing its amino acid sequence. The histidine in the position 87 of the a chain in this abnormal hemoglobin is replaced by tyrosine, the iron atom of heme is in ferric state and the hemoglobin becomes methe-展开更多
Objective To analyze the progress and characteristics of China’s"Free AIDS treatment strategy"since the implementation of the national"four free and one care"policy against AIDS 12 years ago.Metho...Objective To analyze the progress and characteristics of China’s"Free AIDS treatment strategy"since the implementation of the national"four free and one care"policy against AIDS 12 years ago.Methods Retrospective cohort study and cross-sectional analysis had been conducted in this study.368 449 cases who had展开更多
VAT Scheme Completed China has replaced all business tax with value-added tax（VAT）after extending the policy to cover the construction,real estate,finance and consumer services sectors on May 1.They were the last fo...VAT Scheme Completed China has replaced all business tax with value-added tax（VAT）after extending the policy to cover the construction,real estate,finance and consumer services sectors on May 1.They were the last four sectors still taxed based on their revenue.VAT refers to a tax levied on the difference between a commodity’s pre-tax price and its production cost.展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes of hydrogen. The protium nucleus contains a proton without neutron, but deuterium nucleus contains a neutron in addition to a proton. A deuteron has twice the...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes of hydrogen. The protium nucleus contains a proton without neutron, but deuterium nucleus contains a neutron in addition to a proton. A deuteron has twice the mass of a proton. Hence, when protium in a biological system is replaced by deuterium the mass effect of deuterium should not be neglected.展开更多
The sediment diatom data based on a 16cm long sediment core removed from near the center of the lake indicated that nutrient pollution tolerant diatoms have replaced pollution intolerant taxa which were common near th...The sediment diatom data based on a 16cm long sediment core removed from near the center of the lake indicated that nutrient pollution tolerant diatoms have replaced pollution intolerant taxa which were common near the base of the core (about 35 years before present ). These observations support the hypothesis that there is progressive eutrophication in Xuanwu Lake . This conclusion is corroborated by direct comparisons of the present day phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition within the lake and published accounts of its species composition during the mid 1970s.展开更多
It is customary to evaluate the sand reclamation efficiency by general standardmethod as sieve analysis etc.But the special method also can be used in the casewhere the weight of specimen sand is small and a more accu...It is customary to evaluate the sand reclamation efficiency by general standardmethod as sieve analysis etc.But the special method also can be used in the casewhere the weight of specimen sand is small and a more accurate result is expected.Inauthors’experiments,the grain-size analysis was carried out by an image analysingcomputer and the Na<sub>2</sub>O content analysis was done with a modified standard methodof acid consumption.From the results of analyses,it might be recognized that theCO<sub>2</sub>-sodium silicate bonded sand can be reclaimed by dry type vibration methodeffectively after pretreatment.The size and form of reclaimed sand grain are the sameas those of original new Sand and soda content in the remainder on the surface ofsand grain is about 0.I%.It is assumed that the sieve method may be replaced by theimage analysing computer in sand grain-size analysis in the future.It is also pro-posed that the titration method for measuring Na<sub>2</sub>O content may be necessary tobe studied further.展开更多
Ⅰ.Introduction Since the adoption of the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,1980(CISG) use of electronic means of communication such as e-mail,SMS and the internet in the last decade h...Ⅰ.Introduction Since the adoption of the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,1980(CISG) use of electronic means of communication such as e-mail,SMS and the internet in the last decade has outstripped or replaced other more traditional forms展开更多
文摘1.Background China has seen drastic nutrition transition and food structure change with rapid economic growth in the past three decades.Specifically,the traditional fibre-dominated food system is being replaced by a western-style meat-dominated diet（Yu and Abler 2009;Tian and Yu 2013）.In traditional China meat was regarded as a rarity and normally consumed during festivals,now it has become daily food for most Chinese consumers.
文摘Hepatobiliary pancreatic surgeons sometimes encounter an aberrant(or replaced)right hepatic artery(a-RHA,Hiatt types III-VI)during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Arterial flow cutoff to the a-RHA may be associated with a biliary leak or stenosis at the choledocho-jejunostomy and liver ischemia,resulting in ischemic cholangitis,liver abscess,and sepsis(1).
基金supported by the National Science Instrument and Equipment Development Major Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2012YQ24026402 and 2012YQ04016403)the Youth Science Fund Project of the National Natural Science Fund of China(No.11505129)
文摘Nested multilayer mirrors are commonly used in X ray telescope structure to increase the collecting area. To balance the difficulty and cost of producing these mirrors, Wolter-I structures are replaced with conical Wolter-I structures, but these can lead to significantly poorer angular resolutions. In this Letter, we consider changing one of the mirror shapes（paraboloid or hyperboloid） of a Wolter-I structure to a conical mirror shape, while the other mirror shape remains a quadric surface-type structure, which can thus ensure the imaging quality. The cone-hyperboloid structure is nested to obtain on-axis angular resolution and off-axis images.
文摘Vascular anatomy of the liver is varied,and the 'standard'anatomy is seen in 55%-80%of cases.It is very important that extrahepatic arteries are identified precisely at the time of graft procurement to avoid injuries that might compromise the liver function.In the present case the liver donor had the vascular anatomy of Michels typeⅦ,e.g.a hepatic artery originating from the celiac trunk and going to the left lobe,an accessory left hepatic artery coming from the left gastric artery,and a replaced right hepatic artery coming from the superior mesenteric artery.This pattern of vascular supply is uncommon,representing less than 5%of cases.The replaced hepatic artery was reconstructed in the back-table with polypropylene suture 7.0 by connecting it to the stump of the splenic artery,and the celiac trunk of the graft was anastomosed to the recipient common hepatic artery.
基金Item Sponsored by National Natural Science Foundation of China(51371138)
文摘Bulk cementites with the Cr contents of 0,3.01,6.03,8.22,and 11.51mass% were prepared by mechanical alloying（MA）and spark plasma sintering（SPS）.The results indicated that when the Cr content was low（3.01mass%）,the phases were composed of cementite with a small amount ofα-Fe at a sintering temperature of 1 173 K,but the microstructure became single-phase alloyed cementite as the Cr content was further increased.It showed that microaddition of Cr was beneficial for promoting the formation of cementite.Furthermore,the mechanical performance of cementite can be greatly affected by the variation of Cr content.The hardness,elastic modulus and elastic recovery presented a remarkably increasing tendency with the addition of Cr,and the maximum micro-hardness and elastic modulus values reached 1 070.74 HV and 199.32 GPa,respectively,which were similar to the precipitation phase（cementite）obtained by melting and casting techniques.Moreover,when the Cr content was below 11.51mass%,the crystal structure of Fe3C-type cementite would not change with increasing the Cr content.A Cr atom replaced an Fe atom in the lattice of the cementite,and voids appeared when Cr was doped into the cementite at content of about11.51mass%,causing the relative density to decrease.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471555)Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(314120)Earmarked Fund for Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System of China(nycytx-24)
文摘In order to clarify the mechanism for the inhibitory action of the Bacillus subtilis strain HAS on Sporisorium scitamineum （ Syd. ）, which can cause sugarcane smut, the full-length TasA gene which encodes a protein with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, was PCR-amplified from HAS, and cloned into pMD18-T vector. Sequence analysis indicated that the full-length TasA cloned from HAS consisted of 786 nucleotides, and shared 99% homology in nucleotide sequence with the TasA gene sequence published in Genbank （AJ871386.1）. It was predicted that the molecular weight of TasA protein was about 28 kD. Base transitions or transversions ~curred at positions 104, 164, 169,250, 399,623 and 627, at the 2nd, 2nd, 3rd , 1st , 3rd, 2nd and 3rd bases of TasA codons. The mutations in the seven bases may cause the missense mutations of the polypeptide chain. Compared with the amino acid sequences of the TasA protein encoded by Bacillus aubtilis subsp, subtilis str. 168, mutations in two amino acids at positions 150 and 209 of the protein encoded by the cloned TasA gene were found, and as a result, an ala- nine was replaced with a threonine.
文摘Background:Aberrant right hepatic arteries(aRHA)are frequently encountered during pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD).Their effects on surgical morbidity and resection margin are still debated.This study aimed to compare the short term and long term outcomes in patients with and without aRHA.Methods:A single-center retrospective analysis of 353 consecutive PD during a 5-year period was done.The type of arterial supply was determined preoperatively by CT and confirmed at surgery.Hiatt types III-VI included some type of aRHA and comprised the study group.Hiatt types I and II were considered irrelevant for PD and used as controls.Primary endpoints were the rates of major postoperative complications and the rate of R0-resection in cases of malignant disease.Secondary endpoints included duration of surgery,postoperative stay,number of harvested lymph nodes and survival in patients with pancreatic cancer.Own results were compared to existent data using a systematic review of the literature.Results:No aRHA had to be sacrificed or reconstructed.Surgical morbidity and specific complications such as post-pancreatectomy hemorrhage(PPH),pancreatic fistula and bile leak were the same in patients with and without aRHA.There was no significant difference in operative time,blood loss,length of ICU-and hospital stay.Patients with malignancy had similar high rates of R0-resection and identical number of harvested lymph nodes.Survival of patients with pancreatic cancer was not affected by aRHA.Conclusions:aRHA may be preserved in virtually all cases of PD for resectable pancreatic head lesions without increasing surgical morbidity and without compromising oncological radicality in patients with cancer,provided the variant anatomy is being recognised on preoperative CT and a meticulous surgical technique is used.
文摘Sinochem Group announced on August 7th that the United States International TradeCommission (ITC) has reversed an earlier ruling by the chief administrative law judge andterminated the investigation against Sinochem in its entirety with a finding of no violation.The case involved a process for making R-134a, a coolant that replaced ozone depletingR-12.
基金Partially supported by the National Science Foundation of P. R. C.
文摘The paper considers the random L-Dirichlet seriesf（s,ω）=sum from n=1 to ∞ P<sub>n</sub>（s,ω）exp（-λ<sub>n</sub>s）and the random B-Dirichlet seriesψτ<sub>0</sub>（s,ω）=sum from n=1 to ∞ P<sub>n</sub>（σ+iτ<sub>0</sub>,ω）exp（-λ<sub>n</sub>s）,where {λ<sub>n</sub>} is a sequence of positive numbers tending strictly monotonically to infinity, τ<sub>0</sub>∈R is a fixed real number, andP<sub>n</sub>（s,ω）=sum from j=1 to m<sub>n</sub> ε<sub>nj</sub>a<sub>nj</sub>s<sup>j</sup>a random complex polynomial of order m<sub>n</sub>, with {ε<sub>nj</sub>} denoting a Rademacher sequence and {a<sub>nj</sub>} a sequence of complex constants. It is shown here that under certain very general conditions, almost all the random entire functions f（s,ω） and ψ<sub>τ<sub>0</sub></sub>（s,ω） have, in every horizontal strip, the same order, given byρ=lim sup(（λ<sub>n</sub>logλ<sub>n</sub>）/(log A<sub>n</sub><sup>-1</sup>))whereA<sub>n</sub>=max |a<sub>nj</sub>|.Similar results are given if the Rademacher sequence {ε<sub>nj</sub>} is replaced by a steinhaus seqence or a complex normal sequence.
文摘Hemoglobin M (HbM) is one kind of abnormal hemoglobin which leads to the genetic methemoglobin disease. So far five hemoglobins M have been already reported. The hemoglobin M we studied in this note was found in Shanghai. It was confirmed that the hemoglobin was the HbMIwat (87 (FS) IIis→Tyr) by analyzing its amino acid sequence. The histidine in the position 87 of the a chain in this abnormal hemoglobin is replaced by tyrosine, the iron atom of heme is in ferric state and the hemoglobin becomes methe-
文摘Objective To analyze the progress and characteristics of China’s"Free AIDS treatment strategy"since the implementation of the national"four free and one care"policy against AIDS 12 years ago.Methods Retrospective cohort study and cross-sectional analysis had been conducted in this study.368 449 cases who had
文摘VAT Scheme Completed China has replaced all business tax with value-added tax（VAT）after extending the policy to cover the construction,real estate,finance and consumer services sectors on May 1.They were the last four sectors still taxed based on their revenue.VAT refers to a tax levied on the difference between a commodity’s pre-tax price and its production cost.
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Protium and deuterium are stable isotopes of hydrogen. The protium nucleus contains a proton without neutron, but deuterium nucleus contains a neutron in addition to a proton. A deuteron has twice the mass of a proton. Hence, when protium in a biological system is replaced by deuterium the mass effect of deuterium should not be neglected.
文摘The sediment diatom data based on a 16cm long sediment core removed from near the center of the lake indicated that nutrient pollution tolerant diatoms have replaced pollution intolerant taxa which were common near the base of the core (about 35 years before present ). These observations support the hypothesis that there is progressive eutrophication in Xuanwu Lake . This conclusion is corroborated by direct comparisons of the present day phytoplankton and zooplankton species composition within the lake and published accounts of its species composition during the mid 1970s.
文摘It is customary to evaluate the sand reclamation efficiency by general standardmethod as sieve analysis etc.But the special method also can be used in the casewhere the weight of specimen sand is small and a more accurate result is expected.Inauthors’experiments,the grain-size analysis was carried out by an image analysingcomputer and the Na<sub>2</sub>O content analysis was done with a modified standard methodof acid consumption.From the results of analyses,it might be recognized that theCO<sub>2</sub>-sodium silicate bonded sand can be reclaimed by dry type vibration methodeffectively after pretreatment.The size and form of reclaimed sand grain are the sameas those of original new Sand and soda content in the remainder on the surface ofsand grain is about 0.I%.It is assumed that the sieve method may be replaced by theimage analysing computer in sand grain-size analysis in the future.It is also pro-posed that the titration method for measuring Na<sub>2</sub>O content may be necessary tobe studied further.
文摘Ⅰ.Introduction Since the adoption of the Vienna Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods,1980(CISG) use of electronic means of communication such as e-mail,SMS and the internet in the last decade has outstripped or replaced other more traditional forms
