测试用例优先排序(test case prioritization,简称TCP)问题是回归测试研究中的一个热点.通过设定特定排序准则,对测试用例进行排序以优化其执行次序,旨在最大化排序目标,例如最大化测试用例集的早期缺陷检测速率.TCP问题尤其适用于因测...测试用例优先排序(test case prioritization,简称TCP)问题是回归测试研究中的一个热点.通过设定特定排序准则,对测试用例进行排序以优化其执行次序,旨在最大化排序目标,例如最大化测试用例集的早期缺陷检测速率.TCP问题尤其适用于因测试预算不足以致不能执行完所有测试用例的测试场景.首先对TCP问题进行描述,并依次从源代码、需求和模型这3个角度出发对已有的TCP技术进行分类;然后对一类特殊的TCP问题(即测试资源感知的TCP问题)的已有研究成果进行总结;随后依次总结实证研究中常用的评测指标、评测数据集和缺陷类型对实证研究结论的影响;接着依次介绍TCP技术在一些特定测试领域中的应用,包括组合测试、事件驱动型应用测试、Web服务测试和缺陷定位等;最后对下一步工作进行展望.展开更多
BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations ...BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations between repeated high-normal ALT measurements and the risk of new-onset MAFLD prospectively.METHODS A cohort of 3553 participants followed for four consecutive health examinations over 4 years was selected.The incidence rate,cumulative times,and equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of excess high-normal ALT levels(ehALT)were measured.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between the cumulative effects of ehALT and the risk of new-onset MAFLD.RESULTS A total of 83.13%of participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.The incidence rate of MAFLD showed a linear increasing trend in the cumulative ehALT group.Compared with those in the low-normal ALT group,the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of the equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of ehALT were 1.651[95%confidence interval(CI):1.199-2.273]and 1.535(95%CI:1.119-2.106)in the third quartile and 1.616(95%CI:1.162-2.246)and 1.580(95%CI:1.155-2.162)in the fourth quartile,respectively.CONCLUSION Most participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Long-term high-normal ALT levels were associated with a cumulative increased risk of new-onset MAFLD.展开更多
Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prog...Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prognostic model of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Seven potential factors were assessed: age, sex, external force strength causing damage, duration of disease, degree of cervical spinal stenosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and physiological cervical curvature. A model was established using multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The model was evaluated by concordant profiling and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. The prognostic model was as follows: logit(P) =-25.4545 + 21.2576 VALUE + 1.2160SCORE-3.4224 TIME, where VALUE refers to the Pavlov ratio indicating the extent of cervical spinal stenosis, SCORE refers to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(0–17) after the operation, and TIME refers to the disease duration(from injury to operation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all patients was 0.8941(95% confidence interval, 0.7930–0.9952). Three factors assessed in the predictive model were associated with patient outcomes: a great extent of cervical stenosis, a poor preoperative neurological status, and a long disease duration. These three factors could worsen patient outcomes. Moreover, the disease prognosis was considered good when logit(P) ≥-2.5105. Overall, the model displayed a certain clinical value. This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval number: 2018063) on May 8, 2018.展开更多
测试用例集缩减(Test Suite Minimization,TSM)问题作为回归测试的研究热点和难点,在满足对指定测试需求的覆盖前提下,通过识别并移除冗余测试用例来降低回归测试成本。对国内外已有的TSM研究成果进行综述。首先分别从源代码和模型两个...测试用例集缩减(Test Suite Minimization,TSM)问题作为回归测试的研究热点和难点,在满足对指定测试需求的覆盖前提下,通过识别并移除冗余测试用例来降低回归测试成本。对国内外已有的TSM研究成果进行综述。首先分别从源代码和模型两个角度出发,总结已有的TSM方法:从源代码角度出发,重点分析与总结传统TSM方法和考虑缺陷检测能力的TSM方法;从模型角度出发,重点分析与总结基于扩展有限状态自动机的TSM方法。然后对实证研究中采用的评测程序、评测指标和实证结论进行总结。随后总结了TSM方法在特定测试领域的应用,包括GUI应用测试、Web应用测试和缺陷定位等。最后展望了未来的可能发展趋势。展开更多
文摘测试用例优先排序(test case prioritization,简称TCP)问题是回归测试研究中的一个热点.通过设定特定排序准则,对测试用例进行排序以优化其执行次序,旨在最大化排序目标,例如最大化测试用例集的早期缺陷检测速率.TCP问题尤其适用于因测试预算不足以致不能执行完所有测试用例的测试场景.首先对TCP问题进行描述,并依次从源代码、需求和模型这3个角度出发对已有的TCP技术进行分类;然后对一类特殊的TCP问题(即测试资源感知的TCP问题)的已有研究成果进行总结;随后依次总结实证研究中常用的评测指标、评测数据集和缺陷类型对实证研究结论的影响;接着依次介绍TCP技术在一些特定测试领域中的应用,包括组合测试、事件驱动型应用测试、Web服务测试和缺陷定位等;最后对下一步工作进行展望.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.72101236China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M722900+1 种基金Collaborative Innovation Project of Zhengzhou City,No.XTCX2023006Nursing Team Project of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,No.HLKY2023005.
文摘BACKGROUND Within the normal range,elevated alanine aminotransferase(ALT)levels are associated with an increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).AIM To investigate the associations between repeated high-normal ALT measurements and the risk of new-onset MAFLD prospectively.METHODS A cohort of 3553 participants followed for four consecutive health examinations over 4 years was selected.The incidence rate,cumulative times,and equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of excess high-normal ALT levels(ehALT)were measured.Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyse the association between the cumulative effects of ehALT and the risk of new-onset MAFLD.RESULTS A total of 83.13%of participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.The incidence rate of MAFLD showed a linear increasing trend in the cumulative ehALT group.Compared with those in the low-normal ALT group,the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios of the equally and unequally weighted cumulative effects of ehALT were 1.651[95%confidence interval(CI):1.199-2.273]and 1.535(95%CI:1.119-2.106)in the third quartile and 1.616(95%CI:1.162-2.246)and 1.580(95%CI:1.155-2.162)in the fourth quartile,respectively.CONCLUSION Most participants with MAFLD had normal ALT levels.Long-term high-normal ALT levels were associated with a cumulative increased risk of new-onset MAFLD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30672136(to HPL)
文摘Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prognostic model of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Seven potential factors were assessed: age, sex, external force strength causing damage, duration of disease, degree of cervical spinal stenosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and physiological cervical curvature. A model was established using multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The model was evaluated by concordant profiling and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. The prognostic model was as follows: logit(P) =-25.4545 + 21.2576 VALUE + 1.2160SCORE-3.4224 TIME, where VALUE refers to the Pavlov ratio indicating the extent of cervical spinal stenosis, SCORE refers to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score(0–17) after the operation, and TIME refers to the disease duration(from injury to operation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all patients was 0.8941(95% confidence interval, 0.7930–0.9952). Three factors assessed in the predictive model were associated with patient outcomes: a great extent of cervical stenosis, a poor preoperative neurological status, and a long disease duration. These three factors could worsen patient outcomes. Moreover, the disease prognosis was considered good when logit(P) ≥-2.5105. Overall, the model displayed a certain clinical value. This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China(approval number: 2018063) on May 8, 2018.
文摘测试用例集缩减(Test Suite Minimization,TSM)问题作为回归测试的研究热点和难点,在满足对指定测试需求的覆盖前提下,通过识别并移除冗余测试用例来降低回归测试成本。对国内外已有的TSM研究成果进行综述。首先分别从源代码和模型两个角度出发,总结已有的TSM方法:从源代码角度出发,重点分析与总结传统TSM方法和考虑缺陷检测能力的TSM方法;从模型角度出发,重点分析与总结基于扩展有限状态自动机的TSM方法。然后对实证研究中采用的评测程序、评测指标和实证结论进行总结。随后总结了TSM方法在特定测试领域的应用,包括GUI应用测试、Web应用测试和缺陷定位等。最后展望了未来的可能发展趋势。
