Battery Energy Storage System(BESS)is one of the potential solutions to increase energy system flexibility,as BESS is well suited to solve many challenges in transmission and distribution networks.Examples of distribu...Battery Energy Storage System(BESS)is one of the potential solutions to increase energy system flexibility,as BESS is well suited to solve many challenges in transmission and distribution networks.Examples of distribution network’s challenges,which affect network performance,are:(i)Load disconnection or technical constraints violation,which may happen during reconfiguration after fault,(ii)Unpredictable power generation change due to Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,(iii)Undesirable PV reverse power,and(iv)Low Load Factor(LF)which may affect electricity price.In this paper,the BESS is used to support distribution networks in reconfiguration after a fault,increasing Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,cutting peak load,and loading valley filling.The paper presents a methodology for BESS optimal locations and sizing considering technical constraints during reconfiguration after a fault and PV power generation changes.For determining themaximumpower generation change due to PV,actual power registration of connected PV plants in South Cairo Electricity Distribution Company(SCEDC)was considered for a year.In addition,the paper provides a procedure for distribution network operator to employ the proposed BESS to perform multi functions such as:the ability to absorb PV power surplus,cut peak load and fill load valley for improving network’s performances.The methodology is applied to a modified IEEE 37-node and a real network part consisting of 158 nodes in SCEDC zone.The simulation studies are performed using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software andDPL programming language.The Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization technique(MILP)in MATLAB is employed to choose the best locations and sizing of BESS.展开更多
氮肥的过量施用和低效利用，造成资源浪费和环境污染，不利于农业的可持续发展。为了减少氮肥的投入量，发挥氮肥的增产效益，本研究对玉米-大豆套作模式的施氮量和施肥距离进行优化调整。通过两年田间试验，探讨了减氮36%（RN36%）、减...氮肥的过量施用和低效利用，造成资源浪费和环境污染，不利于农业的可持续发展。为了减少氮肥的投入量，发挥氮肥的增产效益，本研究对玉米-大豆套作模式的施氮量和施肥距离进行优化调整。通过两年田间试验，探讨了减氮36%（RN36%）、减氮18%（RN18%）和习惯施氮（CN）3种施氮水平和距离窄行玉米0 cm （D1）、15 cm （D2）、30 cm （D3）、45 cm （D4）4种施肥距离对作物产量和玉米花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明，与习惯施氮相比，减氮18%处理的玉米花后干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率分别提高了22.65%、18.75%和15.90%，籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率提高了9.79%和10.76%；玉米、大豆产量及系统周年产量提高了4.95%、7.07%和5.35%；各施肥距离间，以距离窄行玉米15-30 cm的施肥效果最佳。减氮18%时， D2处理下玉米的平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、穗粒数及百粒重比玉米常规穴施（D1）处理分别提高了10.32%、10.92%、9.08%和4.75%；玉米、大豆产量和系统总产最高。玉米-大豆套作体系下，减氮18%和距离窄行玉米15-30 cm施肥有利于增加玉米花后干物质的积累，促进干物质向籽粒中转运，增大灌浆速率，增加百粒重和穗粒数，提高玉米产量和大豆产量，以实现系统周年作物增产。展开更多
文摘Battery Energy Storage System(BESS)is one of the potential solutions to increase energy system flexibility,as BESS is well suited to solve many challenges in transmission and distribution networks.Examples of distribution network’s challenges,which affect network performance,are:(i)Load disconnection or technical constraints violation,which may happen during reconfiguration after fault,(ii)Unpredictable power generation change due to Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,(iii)Undesirable PV reverse power,and(iv)Low Load Factor(LF)which may affect electricity price.In this paper,the BESS is used to support distribution networks in reconfiguration after a fault,increasing Photovoltaic(PV)penetration,cutting peak load,and loading valley filling.The paper presents a methodology for BESS optimal locations and sizing considering technical constraints during reconfiguration after a fault and PV power generation changes.For determining themaximumpower generation change due to PV,actual power registration of connected PV plants in South Cairo Electricity Distribution Company(SCEDC)was considered for a year.In addition,the paper provides a procedure for distribution network operator to employ the proposed BESS to perform multi functions such as:the ability to absorb PV power surplus,cut peak load and fill load valley for improving network’s performances.The methodology is applied to a modified IEEE 37-node and a real network part consisting of 158 nodes in SCEDC zone.The simulation studies are performed using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory software andDPL programming language.The Mixed Integer Linear Programming optimization technique(MILP)in MATLAB is employed to choose the best locations and sizing of BESS.
文摘氮肥的过量施用和低效利用，造成资源浪费和环境污染，不利于农业的可持续发展。为了减少氮肥的投入量，发挥氮肥的增产效益，本研究对玉米-大豆套作模式的施氮量和施肥距离进行优化调整。通过两年田间试验，探讨了减氮36%（RN36%）、减氮18%（RN18%）和习惯施氮（CN）3种施氮水平和距离窄行玉米0 cm （D1）、15 cm （D2）、30 cm （D3）、45 cm （D4）4种施肥距离对作物产量和玉米花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明，与习惯施氮相比，减氮18%处理的玉米花后干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率分别提高了22.65%、18.75%和15.90%，籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率提高了9.79%和10.76%；玉米、大豆产量及系统周年产量提高了4.95%、7.07%和5.35%；各施肥距离间，以距离窄行玉米15-30 cm的施肥效果最佳。减氮18%时， D2处理下玉米的平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、穗粒数及百粒重比玉米常规穴施（D1）处理分别提高了10.32%、10.92%、9.08%和4.75%；玉米、大豆产量和系统总产最高。玉米-大豆套作体系下，减氮18%和距离窄行玉米15-30 cm施肥有利于增加玉米花后干物质的积累，促进干物质向籽粒中转运，增大灌浆速率，增加百粒重和穗粒数，提高玉米产量和大豆产量，以实现系统周年作物增产。
