针对制造商实施企业社会责任(corporate social responsibility, CSR)投入的闭环供应链,在规模不经济的背景下,构建制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究制造商回收、零售商回收和第三方回收的定价与CSR投入决策及回收渠道选择策略。...针对制造商实施企业社会责任(corporate social responsibility, CSR)投入的闭环供应链,在规模不经济的背景下,构建制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究制造商回收、零售商回收和第三方回收的定价与CSR投入决策及回收渠道选择策略。研究表明:(1) 3种回收模式中,消费者CSR投入敏感程度的增加会促进回收,提高定价并增加CSR投入,规模不经济程度的增大会提高销售价格,减少回收和CSR投入。在制造商回收或第三方回收或零售商回收且回收效率较低时,批发价格与规模不经济程度呈正相关。(2)消费者CSR投入敏感程度会降低规模不经济程度对成员利润的负面影响,但规模不经济程度会抑制消费者CSR投入敏感程度对成员利润的正面影响。(3)从提高CSR投入水平、回收率以及整体经济利润的角度,当再制造节约生产成本较多时,制造商回收更好,当再制造节约生产成本较少且规模不经济程度较低时,零售商回收更优。(4)当规模不经济程度较低时,主导者制造商的先动优势消失。展开更多
The Mg-7Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy chips were successfully recycled through isothermal sintering and equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of samples during the recycli...The Mg-7Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy chips were successfully recycled through isothermal sintering and equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of samples during the recycling process were studied in detail.The eutectic phases in the as-cast alloy transform into long period-stacking ordered(LPSO)phases after homogenization,which can improve the plasticity of the material.After isothermal sintering,the density of the sample is lower than that of the homogenized sample,and oxide films are formed adjacent to the bonding interface of the metal chips.Hence,the plasticity of the sintered sample is poor.Dense samples are fabricated after ECAP.Although the grains are not refined compared to the sintered sample,the microstructure becomes more uniform due to recrystallization.Fiber interdendritic LPSO phase and kinked 14H-LPSO phase are formed in the alloy due to the shear deformation during the ECAP process,which improves the strength and plasticity of the sample significantly.Furthermore,the basal texture is weakened due to the Bc route of the ECAP process,which can increase the Schmid factor of the basal slip system and improve the elongation of the sample.After 2 ECAP passes,the fully densified recycled billet shows superior mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 307.1 MPa and elongation of 11.1%.展开更多
文摘针对制造商实施企业社会责任(corporate social responsibility, CSR)投入的闭环供应链,在规模不经济的背景下,构建制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,研究制造商回收、零售商回收和第三方回收的定价与CSR投入决策及回收渠道选择策略。研究表明:(1) 3种回收模式中,消费者CSR投入敏感程度的增加会促进回收,提高定价并增加CSR投入,规模不经济程度的增大会提高销售价格,减少回收和CSR投入。在制造商回收或第三方回收或零售商回收且回收效率较低时,批发价格与规模不经济程度呈正相关。(2)消费者CSR投入敏感程度会降低规模不经济程度对成员利润的负面影响,但规模不经济程度会抑制消费者CSR投入敏感程度对成员利润的正面影响。(3)从提高CSR投入水平、回收率以及整体经济利润的角度,当再制造节约生产成本较多时,制造商回收更好,当再制造节约生产成本较少且规模不经济程度较低时,零售商回收更优。(4)当规模不经济程度较低时,主导者制造商的先动优势消失。
基金supported by the fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51875127,52275322).
文摘The Mg-7Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr alloy chips were successfully recycled through isothermal sintering and equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).The mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of samples during the recycling process were studied in detail.The eutectic phases in the as-cast alloy transform into long period-stacking ordered(LPSO)phases after homogenization,which can improve the plasticity of the material.After isothermal sintering,the density of the sample is lower than that of the homogenized sample,and oxide films are formed adjacent to the bonding interface of the metal chips.Hence,the plasticity of the sintered sample is poor.Dense samples are fabricated after ECAP.Although the grains are not refined compared to the sintered sample,the microstructure becomes more uniform due to recrystallization.Fiber interdendritic LPSO phase and kinked 14H-LPSO phase are formed in the alloy due to the shear deformation during the ECAP process,which improves the strength and plasticity of the sample significantly.Furthermore,the basal texture is weakened due to the Bc route of the ECAP process,which can increase the Schmid factor of the basal slip system and improve the elongation of the sample.After 2 ECAP passes,the fully densified recycled billet shows superior mechanical properties with an ultimate tensile strength of 307.1 MPa and elongation of 11.1%.
