采用两相流混合模型,并选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对梯型断面明渠非淹没式丁坝绕流水力特性进行了三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法离散计算区域,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pres...采用两相流混合模型,并选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对梯型断面明渠非淹没式丁坝绕流水力特性进行了三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法离散计算区域,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations)算法,模拟自由水面时采用了VOF(Volume of Fluid)法。对丁坝后不同的回流长度进行了分析比较,并将模拟结果与实测资料进行了对比验证,结果表明两者吻合较好,相对误差小于8%,说明该模型能够很好地模拟明渠丁坝绕流的水力特性分布规律。展开更多
Energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more serious,biodiesel is regarded as the most promising alternative fuel for diesel engines due to its environmentally friendly and renewable characteristics.I...Energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more serious,biodiesel is regarded as the most promising alternative fuel for diesel engines due to its environmentally friendly and renewable characteristics.In this study,the biodiesel-ethanol blends were used in a diesel engine,and the purpose of the study was to simultaneously control the NOx and soot emissions of the diesel engine by adjusting the injection strategy and EGR rate.A turbocharged,six-cylinder,common rail direct injection(CRDI)engine model was established using GT-Power.The effects of the main-post injection strategy and post injection coupled with exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)on combustion and emission characteristics were investigated at a maximum torque speed and a medium load.The results show that when the main-post injection strategy is employed,the combustion duration of the main injection is shortened with an increase in the main-post injection interval(MPI).When the MPI increased to more than 18℃A,the heat release of post injection could be observed clearly from the curve of the heat release rate,NOx emissions decreased by 5.70%and 7.12%,respectively,and soot emissions decreased by 25.56%and 30.20%,respectively.Moreover,with the increasing post injection quantity,the combustion duration of the main injection shortened,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR)of the post injection increased.When the fuel quantity for the post injection increased from 2 to 6 mg,NOx emissions decreased from 2.33%to 9.80%,and soot emissions decreased from 16.10%to 34.97%.The effect of post injection quantity on emissions was more significant than that of the MPI.In addition,with increasing EGR rate,the ignition delay is prolonged,the peak cylinder pressure,PHRR,peak combustion temperature and NOx emissions decrease,whereas soot emissions increase gradually.Main-post injection can improve the NO-soot trade-off,the optimal EGR rate is 22.86%under a post injection quantity of 4 mg and a MPI of 22℃A.展开更多
Reverse-swirl(RS)burner which has been industrialized couples reverses jet and swirl flow for the stabilization of flame.Using Dantec multichannel constant-temperature anemometer,experiments on airflow characteristics...Reverse-swirl(RS)burner which has been industrialized couples reverses jet and swirl flow for the stabilization of flame.Using Dantec multichannel constant-temperature anemometer,experiments on airflow characteristics were implemented on a 1:2 scaled burner model with different values in terms of reverse primary air(RPA)ratio and swirl inner secondary air(SISA)ratio.It was found that the shape of annular coupled recirculation zone(ACRZ)had stayed symmetrical all the time.The RPA ratio was the main factor that had an impact on the values of axial and RMS velocity as well as the radial velocity direction of ACRZ.Both RPA ratio and SISA ratio had a great impact on the area of ACRZ,relative reverse flow rate,mixing between SISA and outer secondary air(OSA)as well as swirling ability of the airflow.The area of ACRZ reached its peak when the RPA ratio was 11.92%or SISA ratio was 17.03%;however,when the RPA ratio and SISA ratio reached 14.86%and 28.41%respectively,the combination of RPA and SISA became relatively favorable;besides,ACRZ area,relative reverse flow and swirling ability became suitable and the mixing between SISA and OSA was relatively delayed.The research was of great practical and theoretical importance to the design and operation of RS burner.展开更多
以混合秸秆为唯一原料,混合接种瘤胃液与污泥,在半连续固态进料反应器中研究不同回流比和有机负荷组合对甲烷产率、发酵特性的影响。结果表明,在6个阶段中,当有机负荷(OLR)为4 g/(L·d),回流比为1∶1时,甲烷平均产率达到了768 m L/(...以混合秸秆为唯一原料,混合接种瘤胃液与污泥,在半连续固态进料反应器中研究不同回流比和有机负荷组合对甲烷产率、发酵特性的影响。结果表明,在6个阶段中,当有机负荷(OLR)为4 g/(L·d),回流比为1∶1时,甲烷平均产率达到了768 m L/(L·d);单位秸秆TS产甲烷量为202 m L/g,具有明显成本优势。当OLR升高到6 g/(L·d)时,VFA积累明显,丙酸质量浓度高达6.54 g/L,并且出现丁酸的积累;该阶段氨氮质量浓度明显升高,达到了632.51 mg/L。固渣中纤维素和半纤维素在第2阶段降解程度最高,降解率达到了88.81%,而水解酶活和产甲烷效率的变化相关。通过三维荧光光谱分析,发现沼液中类酪氨酸产物、辅酶F420及腐殖酸类有机物的变化受回流比和有机负荷的影响,能直接反映产甲烷和发酵特性,而且腐殖酸类物质的积累是产甲烷作用受到抑制的重要原因。因此,合适的回流比和有机负荷对秸秆沼气工程长期稳定运行尤为关键。展开更多
文摘为了解决实际河道中丁坝附近的冲刷和淤积问题,必须探明其水力特性的分布规律.采用气液两相流混合模型结合大涡模型(Large Eddy Simulation)对不同平行导流墙长度下L头丁坝绕流三维水力特性进行数值模拟研究.采用有限体积法离散计算区域,速度与压力耦合方程组求解时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations)算法,模拟自由水面采用了VOF(Volume of Fluid)法.对不同平行导流墙长度下丁坝附近回流区域和涡量分布"云图"进行分析比较,得出当平行导流墙长度与丁坝坝轴线长度相等时对丁坝后漩涡的限制效果最好;平行导流墙长度对水槽中水流流速的影响很小,可以忽略.在河道中合理布设L头丁坝可以减小漩涡回流区范围,但对主流区流速的影响很小.
文摘采用两相流混合模型,并选取RNG k-ε湍流模型封闭两相流时均方程,对梯型断面明渠非淹没式丁坝绕流水力特性进行了三维数值模拟。采用有限体积法离散计算区域,求解速度与压力耦合方程组时使用半隐式SIMPLE(Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations)算法,模拟自由水面时采用了VOF(Volume of Fluid)法。对丁坝后不同的回流长度进行了分析比较,并将模拟结果与实测资料进行了对比验证,结果表明两者吻合较好,相对误差小于8%,说明该模型能够很好地模拟明渠丁坝绕流的水力特性分布规律。
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2021GY-291)the Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Development and Application of New Transportation Energy (CHD300102221508)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Chang'an University (300102220105)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities (Energy Saving and New Energy Automobile)。
文摘Energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more serious,biodiesel is regarded as the most promising alternative fuel for diesel engines due to its environmentally friendly and renewable characteristics.In this study,the biodiesel-ethanol blends were used in a diesel engine,and the purpose of the study was to simultaneously control the NOx and soot emissions of the diesel engine by adjusting the injection strategy and EGR rate.A turbocharged,six-cylinder,common rail direct injection(CRDI)engine model was established using GT-Power.The effects of the main-post injection strategy and post injection coupled with exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)on combustion and emission characteristics were investigated at a maximum torque speed and a medium load.The results show that when the main-post injection strategy is employed,the combustion duration of the main injection is shortened with an increase in the main-post injection interval(MPI).When the MPI increased to more than 18℃A,the heat release of post injection could be observed clearly from the curve of the heat release rate,NOx emissions decreased by 5.70%and 7.12%,respectively,and soot emissions decreased by 25.56%and 30.20%,respectively.Moreover,with the increasing post injection quantity,the combustion duration of the main injection shortened,and the peak heat release rate(PHRR)of the post injection increased.When the fuel quantity for the post injection increased from 2 to 6 mg,NOx emissions decreased from 2.33%to 9.80%,and soot emissions decreased from 16.10%to 34.97%.The effect of post injection quantity on emissions was more significant than that of the MPI.In addition,with increasing EGR rate,the ignition delay is prolonged,the peak cylinder pressure,PHRR,peak combustion temperature and NOx emissions decrease,whereas soot emissions increase gradually.Main-post injection can improve the NO-soot trade-off,the optimal EGR rate is 22.86%under a post injection quantity of 4 mg and a MPI of 22℃A.
基金China Coal Research Institute Company of Energy Conservation Project(No.11021-ZC)for the support to our research.
文摘Reverse-swirl(RS)burner which has been industrialized couples reverses jet and swirl flow for the stabilization of flame.Using Dantec multichannel constant-temperature anemometer,experiments on airflow characteristics were implemented on a 1:2 scaled burner model with different values in terms of reverse primary air(RPA)ratio and swirl inner secondary air(SISA)ratio.It was found that the shape of annular coupled recirculation zone(ACRZ)had stayed symmetrical all the time.The RPA ratio was the main factor that had an impact on the values of axial and RMS velocity as well as the radial velocity direction of ACRZ.Both RPA ratio and SISA ratio had a great impact on the area of ACRZ,relative reverse flow rate,mixing between SISA and outer secondary air(OSA)as well as swirling ability of the airflow.The area of ACRZ reached its peak when the RPA ratio was 11.92%or SISA ratio was 17.03%;however,when the RPA ratio and SISA ratio reached 14.86%and 28.41%respectively,the combination of RPA and SISA became relatively favorable;besides,ACRZ area,relative reverse flow and swirling ability became suitable and the mixing between SISA and OSA was relatively delayed.The research was of great practical and theoretical importance to the design and operation of RS burner.
文摘以混合秸秆为唯一原料,混合接种瘤胃液与污泥,在半连续固态进料反应器中研究不同回流比和有机负荷组合对甲烷产率、发酵特性的影响。结果表明,在6个阶段中,当有机负荷(OLR)为4 g/(L·d),回流比为1∶1时,甲烷平均产率达到了768 m L/(L·d);单位秸秆TS产甲烷量为202 m L/g,具有明显成本优势。当OLR升高到6 g/(L·d)时,VFA积累明显,丙酸质量浓度高达6.54 g/L,并且出现丁酸的积累;该阶段氨氮质量浓度明显升高,达到了632.51 mg/L。固渣中纤维素和半纤维素在第2阶段降解程度最高,降解率达到了88.81%,而水解酶活和产甲烷效率的变化相关。通过三维荧光光谱分析,发现沼液中类酪氨酸产物、辅酶F420及腐殖酸类有机物的变化受回流比和有机负荷的影响,能直接反映产甲烷和发酵特性,而且腐殖酸类物质的积累是产甲烷作用受到抑制的重要原因。因此,合适的回流比和有机负荷对秸秆沼气工程长期稳定运行尤为关键。
