Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on th...Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.展开更多
Containerized shipping is a growing market for agricultural exports,particularly soybeans.In order to understand the optimal strategies for improving the United States’economic competitiveness in this emerging market...Containerized shipping is a growing market for agricultural exports,particularly soybeans.In order to understand the optimal strategies for improving the United States’economic competitiveness in this emerging market,this research develops an intermodal transportation network modeling framework,focusing on U.S.soybean container shipments.Built upon detailed modal cost analyses,a Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transportation(GIFT)model has been developed to understand the optimal network design for U.S.soybean exports.Based on market demand and domestic supply figures,the model is able to determine which domestically produced soybeans should go to which foreign markets,and by which transport modes.This research and its continual studies,will provide insights into future policies and practices that can improve the transportation efficiency of soybean logistics.展开更多
文摘Various published data show the amount of crop residue available annually in India may range from a low of 90 to a high of 180 million tonnes. Different types of crop residue are collected from farmers depending on the geography and crop pattern for instance, in north India rice straw and cotton stalks are collected while in central India soya husk and sugarcane tops are collected. Baling and transporting straw from the field, though appear to be an option for safe disposal, will be feasible only when alternate, effective and economically viable usage methods are identified and facilities and infrastructure for ex-situ management methods are created. One immediate short term use of the residue is to replace 5% - 7% of the 670 million tonnes of coal India currently consumes to generate power. The farmers will benefit from the sale of their excess crop residue. The scheme will reduce pollution due to residue burning practices. Replacing coal will cut the GHG emissions. The challenge is to mobilize the crop residue collection and timely delivery to power plants. The data and calculations in this monogram show that it is economical for the farmer to remove the crop residue from the field quickly by using modern balers, to pelletize the biomass in small-scale distributed pellet plants, to store pellets in the modern steel bins and finally to deliver the pellets to coal plants by using rail transport. The delivered cost is estimated at around Rp 6.78/kg. The Government of India encourages the power plants to pay at least Rp 10/kg for the delivered biomass in the form of pellets. The current monogram analyzes the organization of an efficient supply chain in the State of Haryana India to ensure a sustainable modern enterprise.
基金The first author was funded by the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering(CEE)at Rutgers UniversityThe second author was funded by the US Department of Agri-culture(15-TMXXX-NJ-0008)+1 种基金The third author was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51409157)Program of Humanities and Social Science of the Ministry of Education of China(14YJC630008).
文摘Containerized shipping is a growing market for agricultural exports,particularly soybeans.In order to understand the optimal strategies for improving the United States’economic competitiveness in this emerging market,this research develops an intermodal transportation network modeling framework,focusing on U.S.soybean container shipments.Built upon detailed modal cost analyses,a Geospatial Intermodal Freight Transportation(GIFT)model has been developed to understand the optimal network design for U.S.soybean exports.Based on market demand and domestic supply figures,the model is able to determine which domestically produced soybeans should go to which foreign markets,and by which transport modes.This research and its continual studies,will provide insights into future policies and practices that can improve the transportation efficiency of soybean logistics.
