Microbeams of visible light were studied using a tapered glass capillary. Transmittance of laser light through capillaries with different inlet and outlet diameters was measured. About several % of the transmittance w...Microbeams of visible light were studied using a tapered glass capillary. Transmittance of laser light through capillaries with different inlet and outlet diameters was measured. About several % of the transmittance was obtained and larger than 80% was achieved in combining with an optical lens. It was found that the obtained transmittance considerably depended on the capillary shape, i.e., the taper angle. Density enhancement of the extracted beam was derived and showed a strong focusing ability for the tapered glass capillary. Propagation of visible light through the capillary was discussed.展开更多
First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parame...First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parameters. Thus, several mysteries of quantum physics are still unresolved because both are considered in the same paradigm. This paper further estab-lishes that the spatial space (medium of propagation) is a fabric made of different cosmo-logical substances. It explains how the space fabric plays an important role in creating dif-ferent cosmic phenomena such as gravitation, repulsion, cosmic inflation, and other mys-teries. This spatial space fabric accepts the electromagnetic wave by way of physical time, creating a spacetime continuum. Next, the paper proposes a new vision that explains how an electromagnetic wave transports photons from an emitter to a receiver with a constant velocity by outlining a new paradigm of time and space and precisely treating photons as cosmological substances. This vision explains how the second postulate of Einstein’s special theory of relativity remains valid even if the time dilation due to velocity is not a reality. The correctness of the approach is validated through the results obtained from previous well-known experiments.展开更多
Based on 'the matrix theory for the propagation of a scalar light wave in a system consisting of plane screens (cylindrical coordinates)' proposed by one of the authors (1981), the propagation of the self-cons...Based on 'the matrix theory for the propagation of a scalar light wave in a system consisting of plane screens (cylindrical coordinates)' proposed by one of the authors (1981), the propagation of the self-consistent field in PCR is analyzed, and a matrix eigen-equation of the self-consistent field is presented. By solving the eigen-equation, the axisymmetrical PCR with finite aperture is calculated, and the diffraction losses, phase shifts, relative amplitude and phase distributions on each mirror surface of various order transverse modes (including high-order modes, whose l≥2, p≥1) are introduced.A quasi-equivalence relation of PCR is also given. According to this relation, some characteristics (as the diffraction loss, the field distribution on the surface of spherical mirror) of all transverse modes in a PCR are just the same as those in some of the other PCR with different g_1.Some examples of calculation results are also given. They show that (ⅰ) the convengence of the above-mentioned equation is very good, (ⅱ) the calculation results with very high precision can be obtained practically, and the characteristics of TEM with very small or large losses can also be calculated precisly and (ⅲ) the choice of the reference light field does not affect correctness of the theory but affects the amount of calculation.Only the PCR with only one PCM being one of the two endreflectors of resonators is discussed, and the effect of response time of the PCM is ignored in this paper.展开更多
During the last decade, phase-conjugation mirror (PCM) and phase-conjugation resonator (PCR) have interest to many authors in that they can be used to improve the quality of laser beams. For a laser using conventional...During the last decade, phase-conjugation mirror (PCM) and phase-conjugation resonator (PCR) have interest to many authors in that they can be used to improve the quality of laser beams. For a laser using conventional optical resontors, we展开更多
Based on the first part of this paper (Science in China, 33(1990), 982—995), further research has been done on quasi-equivalence relation and asymmetrical character of axisymmetrical phase-conjugatlon resonator(PCR)....Based on the first part of this paper (Science in China, 33(1990), 982—995), further research has been done on quasi-equivalence relation and asymmetrical character of axisymmetrical phase-conjugatlon resonator(PCR). A series of calculations for axisymmetrical PCR(hundreds of transverse modes in 66 axisymmetrical PCRs) have been carried out, and the results are compared with those of corresponding conventional laser resonators. Fundamental properties of the transverse modes (TEMs) in PCR are summarized. This makes possible a rough estimation of the properties of various TEMs in these simple PCR, including different geometrical structures.展开更多
The attenuation of lateral propagating light （LPL） in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficientμ（λ）for lateral...The attenuation of lateral propagating light （LPL） in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficientμ（λ）for lateral prop-agating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically be-cause of insufficient understanding.展开更多
文摘Microbeams of visible light were studied using a tapered glass capillary. Transmittance of laser light through capillaries with different inlet and outlet diameters was measured. About several % of the transmittance was obtained and larger than 80% was achieved in combining with an optical lens. It was found that the obtained transmittance considerably depended on the capillary shape, i.e., the taper angle. Density enhancement of the extracted beam was derived and showed a strong focusing ability for the tapered glass capillary. Propagation of visible light through the capillary was discussed.
文摘First, the paper proposes that a cosmological entity such as a photon and a physical entity such as an electron belong to two different levels of the Universe. The cosmological entities do not have any physical parameters. Thus, several mysteries of quantum physics are still unresolved because both are considered in the same paradigm. This paper further estab-lishes that the spatial space (medium of propagation) is a fabric made of different cosmo-logical substances. It explains how the space fabric plays an important role in creating dif-ferent cosmic phenomena such as gravitation, repulsion, cosmic inflation, and other mys-teries. This spatial space fabric accepts the electromagnetic wave by way of physical time, creating a spacetime continuum. Next, the paper proposes a new vision that explains how an electromagnetic wave transports photons from an emitter to a receiver with a constant velocity by outlining a new paradigm of time and space and precisely treating photons as cosmological substances. This vision explains how the second postulate of Einstein’s special theory of relativity remains valid even if the time dilation due to velocity is not a reality. The correctness of the approach is validated through the results obtained from previous well-known experiments.
文摘Based on 'the matrix theory for the propagation of a scalar light wave in a system consisting of plane screens (cylindrical coordinates)' proposed by one of the authors (1981), the propagation of the self-consistent field in PCR is analyzed, and a matrix eigen-equation of the self-consistent field is presented. By solving the eigen-equation, the axisymmetrical PCR with finite aperture is calculated, and the diffraction losses, phase shifts, relative amplitude and phase distributions on each mirror surface of various order transverse modes (including high-order modes, whose l≥2, p≥1) are introduced.A quasi-equivalence relation of PCR is also given. According to this relation, some characteristics (as the diffraction loss, the field distribution on the surface of spherical mirror) of all transverse modes in a PCR are just the same as those in some of the other PCR with different g_1.Some examples of calculation results are also given. They show that (ⅰ) the convengence of the above-mentioned equation is very good, (ⅱ) the calculation results with very high precision can be obtained practically, and the characteristics of TEM with very small or large losses can also be calculated precisly and (ⅲ) the choice of the reference light field does not affect correctness of the theory but affects the amount of calculation.Only the PCR with only one PCM being one of the two endreflectors of resonators is discussed, and the effect of response time of the PCM is ignored in this paper.
文摘During the last decade, phase-conjugation mirror (PCM) and phase-conjugation resonator (PCR) have interest to many authors in that they can be used to improve the quality of laser beams. For a laser using conventional optical resontors, we
文摘Based on the first part of this paper (Science in China, 33(1990), 982—995), further research has been done on quasi-equivalence relation and asymmetrical character of axisymmetrical phase-conjugatlon resonator(PCR). A series of calculations for axisymmetrical PCR(hundreds of transverse modes in 66 axisymmetrical PCRs) have been carried out, and the results are compared with those of corresponding conventional laser resonators. Fundamental properties of the transverse modes (TEMs) in PCR are summarized. This makes possible a rough estimation of the properties of various TEMs in these simple PCR, including different geometrical structures.
基金The Global Change Research Program of China under contract No.2015CB953900the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41330960
文摘The attenuation of lateral propagating light （LPL） in sea ice was measured using an artificial light source in the Canadian Arctic during the 2007/2008 winter. The apparent attenuation coefficientμ（λ）for lateral prop-agating light was obtained from the measured logarithmic relative variation rate. In this study an analytical solution based on the strict optical theories is developed to validate the measured result. There is a good consistency between theoretical solution and measured data, by which a quite simple but very rigorous relationship among the light source, measurement geometry, and measured irradiance is established. The attenuation coefficients acquired by measurement and theory are the diffusion attenuation as an apparent optical property of ice, independent of the light source and shining condition. The attenuation ability of sea ice should be caused by the microstructure of sea ice, such as crystal size, ice density, brine volume, air inclusion, etc. It also includes the leak from both interfaces by directional scattering. It is verified that the measuring approach is operational and accurate to measure the attenuation of the LPL. The solution from this study did not tell the connection among the extinction and the inclusions of sea ice theoretically be-cause of insufficient understanding.
