In recent years,Blockchain is gaining prominence as a hot topic in academic research.However,the consensus mechanism of blockchain has been criticized in terms of energy consumption and performance.Although Proof-of-A...In recent years,Blockchain is gaining prominence as a hot topic in academic research.However,the consensus mechanism of blockchain has been criticized in terms of energy consumption and performance.Although Proof-of-Authority(PoA)consensus mechanism,as a lightweight consensus mechanism,is more efficient than traditional Proof-of-Work(PoW)and Proof-of-Stake(PoS),it suffers from the problem of centralization.To this end,on account of analyzing the shortcomings of existing consensus mechanisms,this paper proposes a dynamic reputation-based consensus mechanism for blockchain.This scheme allows nodes with reputation value higher than a threshold apply to become a monitoring node,which can monitor the behavior of validators in case that validators with excessive power cause harm to the blockchain network.At the same time,the reputation evaluation algorithm is also introduced to select nodes with high reputation to become validators in the network,thus increasing the cost of malicious behavior.In each consensus cycle,validators and monitoring nodes are dynamically updated according to the reputation value.Through security analysis,it is demonstrated that the scheme can resist the attacks of malicious nodes in the blockchain network.By simulation experiments and analysis of the scheme,the result verifies that the mechanism can effectively improve the fault tolerance of the consensus mechanism,reduce the time of consensus to guarantee the security of the system.展开更多
Cloud storage is widely used by large companies to store vast amounts of data and files,offering flexibility,financial savings,and security.However,information shoplifting poses significant threats,potentially leading...Cloud storage is widely used by large companies to store vast amounts of data and files,offering flexibility,financial savings,and security.However,information shoplifting poses significant threats,potentially leading to poor performance and privacy breaches.Blockchain-based cognitive computing can help protect and maintain information security and privacy in cloud platforms,ensuring businesses can focus on business development.To ensure data security in cloud platforms,this research proposed a blockchain-based Hybridized Data Driven Cognitive Computing(HD2C)model.However,the proposed HD2C framework addresses breaches of the privacy information of mixed participants of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the cloud.HD2C is developed by combining Federated Learning(FL)with a Blockchain consensus algorithm to connect smart contracts with Proof of Authority.The“Data Island”problem can be solved by FL’s emphasis on privacy and lightning-fast processing,while Blockchain provides a decentralized incentive structure that is impervious to poisoning.FL with Blockchain allows quick consensus through smart member selection and verification.The HD2C paradigm significantly improves the computational processing efficiency of intelligent manufacturing.Extensive analysis results derived from IIoT datasets confirm HD2C superiority.When compared to other consensus algorithms,the Blockchain PoA’s foundational cost is significant.The accuracy and memory utilization evaluation results predict the total benefits of the system.In comparison to the values 0.004 and 0.04,the value of 0.4 achieves good accuracy.According to the experiment results,the number of transactions per second has minimal impact on memory requirements.The findings of this study resulted in the development of a brand-new IIoT framework based on blockchain technology.展开更多
传统微电网电力交易模式存在中心化、数据不透明等问题,区块链的去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯和无需信任等特点被广泛用于电力交易.当前的研究主要在共识机制、交易机制和隐私保护方面,且大多都需要交易者每周期不断进行报价.本文提出了...传统微电网电力交易模式存在中心化、数据不透明等问题,区块链的去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯和无需信任等特点被广泛用于电力交易.当前的研究主要在共识机制、交易机制和隐私保护方面,且大多都需要交易者每周期不断进行报价.本文提出了一种基于权威证明(Proof of Authority,PoA)共识的联盟链无报价电力交易机制,电力消费者无需报价只需预存电费,即可在电费耗尽前基于智能合约自动进行电力交易,资金的结算采用能源代币.最后与其它4种现有区块链电力交易方案进行对比分析,并模拟仿真了5个产消者和5个消费者的电力交易,分析了买卖双方的收益.结果表明本方案让买卖双方同时受益,经济成本更低,共识效率高.展开更多
This study addresses integrating blockchain technology into lightweight devices,specifically clustered Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Integrating blockchain into the WSNs solves the problems of heterogeneity,data inte...This study addresses integrating blockchain technology into lightweight devices,specifically clustered Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Integrating blockchain into the WSNs solves the problems of heterogeneity,data integrity,and data confidentiality.However,no blockchain integration considers network lifetime in WSNs.This research focuses on developing a permissioned blockchain system that incorporates a consensus mechanism known as Proof-of-Authority(PoA)within clustered WSNs with two main features.The first feature is to enhance the network lifetime by introducing a rotational selection of block proposers using an Energy-Aware PoA(EAPoA)weighting mechanism.Known as the Multi-Level Blockchain Model(MLBM),the subsequent feature is to create a hierarchical network model within a blockchain network.The MLBM network comprises both local and master blockchains.Each cluster inside a WSN possesses its local blockchain network.In the MLBM,the local blockchain creates a block on the main blockchain by proposing the headers of every 10 blocks to improve data integrity.Each local blockchain has its leader,which can increase block production.The results show that the proposed solution can overcome traditional PoA performance and is suitable for clustered WSNs.In terms of lifetime,the EA-PoA selection method can extend the network lifetime by up to 10%.In addition,the MLBM can increase block production by up to twice each additional cluster compared to a single blockchain network used in traditional PoA.展开更多
基金This work is supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Sichuan Province(No.2021YFSY0012,No.2020YFG0307,No.2021YFG0332)the Key Research and Development Project of Chengdu(No.2019-YF05-02028-GX)+1 种基金the Innovation Team of Quantum Security Communication of Sichuan Province(No.17TD0009)the Academic and Technical Leaders Training Funding Support Projects of Sichuan Province(No.2016120080102643).
文摘In recent years,Blockchain is gaining prominence as a hot topic in academic research.However,the consensus mechanism of blockchain has been criticized in terms of energy consumption and performance.Although Proof-of-Authority(PoA)consensus mechanism,as a lightweight consensus mechanism,is more efficient than traditional Proof-of-Work(PoW)and Proof-of-Stake(PoS),it suffers from the problem of centralization.To this end,on account of analyzing the shortcomings of existing consensus mechanisms,this paper proposes a dynamic reputation-based consensus mechanism for blockchain.This scheme allows nodes with reputation value higher than a threshold apply to become a monitoring node,which can monitor the behavior of validators in case that validators with excessive power cause harm to the blockchain network.At the same time,the reputation evaluation algorithm is also introduced to select nodes with high reputation to become validators in the network,thus increasing the cost of malicious behavior.In each consensus cycle,validators and monitoring nodes are dynamically updated according to the reputation value.Through security analysis,it is demonstrated that the scheme can resist the attacks of malicious nodes in the blockchain network.By simulation experiments and analysis of the scheme,the result verifies that the mechanism can effectively improve the fault tolerance of the consensus mechanism,reduce the time of consensus to guarantee the security of the system.
文摘Cloud storage is widely used by large companies to store vast amounts of data and files,offering flexibility,financial savings,and security.However,information shoplifting poses significant threats,potentially leading to poor performance and privacy breaches.Blockchain-based cognitive computing can help protect and maintain information security and privacy in cloud platforms,ensuring businesses can focus on business development.To ensure data security in cloud platforms,this research proposed a blockchain-based Hybridized Data Driven Cognitive Computing(HD2C)model.However,the proposed HD2C framework addresses breaches of the privacy information of mixed participants of the Internet of Things(IoT)in the cloud.HD2C is developed by combining Federated Learning(FL)with a Blockchain consensus algorithm to connect smart contracts with Proof of Authority.The“Data Island”problem can be solved by FL’s emphasis on privacy and lightning-fast processing,while Blockchain provides a decentralized incentive structure that is impervious to poisoning.FL with Blockchain allows quick consensus through smart member selection and verification.The HD2C paradigm significantly improves the computational processing efficiency of intelligent manufacturing.Extensive analysis results derived from IIoT datasets confirm HD2C superiority.When compared to other consensus algorithms,the Blockchain PoA’s foundational cost is significant.The accuracy and memory utilization evaluation results predict the total benefits of the system.In comparison to the values 0.004 and 0.04,the value of 0.4 achieves good accuracy.According to the experiment results,the number of transactions per second has minimal impact on memory requirements.The findings of this study resulted in the development of a brand-new IIoT framework based on blockchain technology.
文摘传统微电网电力交易模式存在中心化、数据不透明等问题,区块链的去中心化、不可篡改、可追溯和无需信任等特点被广泛用于电力交易.当前的研究主要在共识机制、交易机制和隐私保护方面,且大多都需要交易者每周期不断进行报价.本文提出了一种基于权威证明(Proof of Authority,PoA)共识的联盟链无报价电力交易机制,电力消费者无需报价只需预存电费,即可在电费耗尽前基于智能合约自动进行电力交易,资金的结算采用能源代币.最后与其它4种现有区块链电力交易方案进行对比分析,并模拟仿真了5个产消者和5个消费者的电力交易,分析了买卖双方的收益.结果表明本方案让买卖双方同时受益,经济成本更低,共识效率高.
基金The Indonesian Government Scholar-ship PMDSU Grant number NKB-357/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2021,Ministry of Research and Technology(BRIN)a UKRI Future Leaders Fellowship(MR/W009560-/1):Digitally Assisted Collective Governance of Smart City Commons-ARTIO.
文摘This study addresses integrating blockchain technology into lightweight devices,specifically clustered Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).Integrating blockchain into the WSNs solves the problems of heterogeneity,data integrity,and data confidentiality.However,no blockchain integration considers network lifetime in WSNs.This research focuses on developing a permissioned blockchain system that incorporates a consensus mechanism known as Proof-of-Authority(PoA)within clustered WSNs with two main features.The first feature is to enhance the network lifetime by introducing a rotational selection of block proposers using an Energy-Aware PoA(EAPoA)weighting mechanism.Known as the Multi-Level Blockchain Model(MLBM),the subsequent feature is to create a hierarchical network model within a blockchain network.The MLBM network comprises both local and master blockchains.Each cluster inside a WSN possesses its local blockchain network.In the MLBM,the local blockchain creates a block on the main blockchain by proposing the headers of every 10 blocks to improve data integrity.Each local blockchain has its leader,which can increase block production.The results show that the proposed solution can overcome traditional PoA performance and is suitable for clustered WSNs.In terms of lifetime,the EA-PoA selection method can extend the network lifetime by up to 10%.In addition,the MLBM can increase block production by up to twice each additional cluster compared to a single blockchain network used in traditional PoA.
