The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program （ER...The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program （ERP）, started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China＇s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satel- lite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural produc- tivity caused by ERP, including ＂Grain for Green＂ Program （GFGP） and ＂Reclaimed Cropland to Lake＂ （RCTL） Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000-2005. During 2005-2008, the loss rate due to ERP de- creased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000-2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP （about 70%） than RCTL. Al- though ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000-2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase.展开更多
The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since thecatastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing'an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopydensity, which has close relation to forest...The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since thecatastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing'an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopydensity, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find howmuch the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way andterrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory datain China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. Theresults showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density gradewas an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affectforest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession andpromote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future. Among the three terrain factors, theeffect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last.展开更多
Aims With a few exceptions,most well-known field biodiversity experiments on ecosystem functioning have been conducted in plant communities(especially grasslands)in which different numbers of species are planted as tr...Aims With a few exceptions,most well-known field biodiversity experiments on ecosystem functioning have been conducted in plant communities(especially grasslands)in which different numbers of species are planted as treatments.In these experiments,investigators have either kept the total seed weight or seed number constant across treatment plots.However,although in some cases attempts have been made to randomly choose species for planting from a designated species pool,the issue of possible‘hidden treatments’remains unsolved.Particularly,the total and relative abundance among species and across treatments could still affect the results.This study aims to determine whether treatments related to planted seed abundance and seed size may contribute to observed productivity.Methods We re-analyzed data from four biodiversity experiments based on a common seeding design(i.e.diversity treatments).Important Findings We show that diversity(richness)treatments usually involve a hidden treatment related to the planted seeds(i.e.weight,number and seed size)that ultimately affect plant density.Thus,the un-intended hidden treatment of seeding more seeds on more diverse plots contributes to the productivity to some degree.Such derivative but often neglected hidden treatments are important for further improvement of experimental design and have significant implications in ecological restoration.展开更多
水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物光合固碳和水分消耗之间权衡关系的重要指标。研究区域植被WUE的时空变化特征对区域生态恢复、水资源的合理利用与开发等方面至关重要。本研究基于MODIS的GPP和ET数据评估2000—2019年盐池县植被WUE的时空...水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物光合固碳和水分消耗之间权衡关系的重要指标。研究区域植被WUE的时空变化特征对区域生态恢复、水资源的合理利用与开发等方面至关重要。本研究基于MODIS的GPP和ET数据评估2000—2019年盐池县植被WUE的时空变化特征及其主要的影响因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年盐池县的ET和GPP分别以7.61 mm·a^(-1)和7.23 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)的速率显著增加,空间上呈西北高东南低的分布特征,具有较强的空间异质性。(2)近20 a,盐池县植被WUE变化范围在0.80~1.11 g C·kg^(-1)·H_(2)O之间,多年均值为0.91 g C·kg^(-1)·H_(2)O,年际变化不显著;从空间上来看,全县WUE存在较强的异质性,高值主要分布在东北部,低值位于西南部。(3)近20 a,宁夏盐池县WUE在空间上有54.70%的区域呈上升趋势,主要分布在东北部;45.30%的区域以下降趋势为主。未来,盐池县61.48%区域的植被WUE变化趋势具有较强的同向持续性;而38.52%的区域将会发生逆转。(4)在不同研究时段,各土地利用类型的WUE均表现为:林地>耕地>草地。(5)在年际尺度上,植被WUE与GPP呈显著正相关关系,而与ET不相关;GPP的变化主要与ET、NDVI和降水呈显著正相关关系。这表明盐池县植被恢复在增强植被生产力的同时,也加剧了区域水分消耗,为盐池未来生态植被重建和水资源的合理开发提供了科学依据。展开更多
基金National Key Program for Developing Basic Science, No.2010CB950904National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.41071344+1 种基金Knowledge Innovation Program of CAS, No.KZCX2-EW-306Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS, No.XDA05050602
文摘The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program （ERP）, started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China＇s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satel- lite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural produc- tivity caused by ERP, including ＂Grain for Green＂ Program （GFGP） and ＂Reclaimed Cropland to Lake＂ （RCTL） Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000-2005. During 2005-2008, the loss rate due to ERP de- creased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000-2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP （about 70%） than RCTL. Al- though ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000-2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase.
基金This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30270225, 40331008)
文摘The restoration of forest landscape has drawn much attention since thecatastrophic fire took place on the northern slope of Great Xing'an Mountains in 1987. Forest canopydensity, which has close relation to forest productivity, was selected as a key factor to find howmuch the forest quality was changed 13 years after fire, and how fire severity, regeneration way andterrain factors influenced the restoration of forest canopy density, based on forest inventory datain China, and using Kendall Bivariate Correlation Analysis, and Distances Correlation Analysis. Theresults showed that fire severity which was inversely correlated with forest canopy density gradewas an initial factor among all that selected. Regeneration way which did not remarkably affectforest canopy density restoration in short period, may shorten the cycle of forest succession andpromote the forest productivity of conophorium in the future. Among the three terrain factors, theeffect of slope was the strongest, the position on slope was the second and the aspect was the last.
文摘Aims With a few exceptions,most well-known field biodiversity experiments on ecosystem functioning have been conducted in plant communities(especially grasslands)in which different numbers of species are planted as treatments.In these experiments,investigators have either kept the total seed weight or seed number constant across treatment plots.However,although in some cases attempts have been made to randomly choose species for planting from a designated species pool,the issue of possible‘hidden treatments’remains unsolved.Particularly,the total and relative abundance among species and across treatments could still affect the results.This study aims to determine whether treatments related to planted seed abundance and seed size may contribute to observed productivity.Methods We re-analyzed data from four biodiversity experiments based on a common seeding design(i.e.diversity treatments).Important Findings We show that diversity(richness)treatments usually involve a hidden treatment related to the planted seeds(i.e.weight,number and seed size)that ultimately affect plant density.Thus,the un-intended hidden treatment of seeding more seeds on more diverse plots contributes to the productivity to some degree.Such derivative but often neglected hidden treatments are important for further improvement of experimental design and have significant implications in ecological restoration.
文摘水分利用效率(WUE)是衡量植物光合固碳和水分消耗之间权衡关系的重要指标。研究区域植被WUE的时空变化特征对区域生态恢复、水资源的合理利用与开发等方面至关重要。本研究基于MODIS的GPP和ET数据评估2000—2019年盐池县植被WUE的时空变化特征及其主要的影响因子。结果表明:(1)2000—2019年盐池县的ET和GPP分别以7.61 mm·a^(-1)和7.23 g C·m^(-2)·a^(-1)的速率显著增加,空间上呈西北高东南低的分布特征,具有较强的空间异质性。(2)近20 a,盐池县植被WUE变化范围在0.80~1.11 g C·kg^(-1)·H_(2)O之间,多年均值为0.91 g C·kg^(-1)·H_(2)O,年际变化不显著;从空间上来看,全县WUE存在较强的异质性,高值主要分布在东北部,低值位于西南部。(3)近20 a,宁夏盐池县WUE在空间上有54.70%的区域呈上升趋势,主要分布在东北部;45.30%的区域以下降趋势为主。未来,盐池县61.48%区域的植被WUE变化趋势具有较强的同向持续性;而38.52%的区域将会发生逆转。(4)在不同研究时段,各土地利用类型的WUE均表现为:林地>耕地>草地。(5)在年际尺度上,植被WUE与GPP呈显著正相关关系,而与ET不相关;GPP的变化主要与ET、NDVI和降水呈显著正相关关系。这表明盐池县植被恢复在增强植被生产力的同时,也加剧了区域水分消耗,为盐池未来生态植被重建和水资源的合理开发提供了科学依据。
