盾构管片所受土压力大小与盾构隧道施工过程中同步注浆、盾构机姿态、管片及地层刚度等因素紧密相关,上述问题的复杂性决定了已有理论公式和经验方法并未较好地反映盾构管片实际受力状态。文章通过收集35座盾构隧道的52个典型土压力监...盾构管片所受土压力大小与盾构隧道施工过程中同步注浆、盾构机姿态、管片及地层刚度等因素紧密相关,上述问题的复杂性决定了已有理论公式和经验方法并未较好地反映盾构管片实际受力状态。文章通过收集35座盾构隧道的52个典型土压力监测断面实测数据,基于实测数据统计分析了盾构隧道土压力分布规律和影响因素。结果表明:(1)盾构管片所受土压力在0~400 k Pa之间的占样本总量的90%以上,经验注浆压力取0.3~0.4 MPa较为合理;(2)管片所受土压力与埋深近似呈指数关系,最大土压力与稳定土压力差值随埋深增大而减小;(3)侧压力系数λ范围为(0.5,2.3),部分超出了规范推荐的Ⅵ级围岩(0.5,1.0)取值区间,直接沿用规范建议值有失稳妥;(4)管片所受土压力与管-土刚度比近似满足二次函数关系,管-土刚度比ψ=1.0时,管片受力最为合理;(5)粘土地层管片所受土压力时空分布具有典型的4个阶段,即拼装阶段—注浆影响阶段—固结收缩阶段—土压力回升阶段,环向土压力具有不对称分布特性;砂土地层土水压力监测曲线分别呈"弱衰减脉冲式波动"和"双驼峰"分布特征,稳定后环向土压力对称分布特性显著,水压力具有"下大上小"的灯泡型分布形态。其结论可为研究盾构隧道土压力作用机理及管片设计方法的完善提供参考和借鉴。展开更多
Impulse waves that are generated by landslides in narrow reservoir areas threaten the stability of buildings and bank slopes.To discuss the action process and evolution law of the wave pressure on bank slopes,a three-...Impulse waves that are generated by landslides in narrow reservoir areas threaten the stability of buildings and bank slopes.To discuss the action process and evolution law of the wave pressure on bank slopes,a three-dimensional physical model test that considers impulse waves generated by landslides was performed,and factors including landslide width,thickness,slope angles of the sliding surface,and bank slope angle were considered.Based on wave forms on the bank slopes,wave pressure curve characteristics,and peak value,the action process of wave pressure could be divided into the following stages:maximum pulsating pressure stage,wave impact stage(when waves break),and stationary pulsation stage.It was found that wave breaking is dependent on the value of the surf similarity parameterξ.The distribution pattern of impact pressure decays linearly on both sides of the maximum impact pressure point,and the attenuation degree decreases when it attains 40%of the maximum value.Thus,it is proposed that the prediction formula for the maximum effective impact pressure of the bank slope be related to the reciprocal of wave steepness,relative water depth,and slope rate.The prediction formula provides strong theoretical support for early safety warning and for predicting the bank slope under impulse waves generated by landslides.展开更多
Dynamic monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is beneficial to obtain comprehensive cardiovascular information of patients throughout the day. However, the clinical BP measurement method relies on wearing a bulky cuff, wh...Dynamic monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is beneficial to obtain comprehensive cardiovascular information of patients throughout the day. However, the clinical BP measurement method relies on wearing a bulky cuff, which limits the long-term monitoring and control of BP. In this work, a microcavity assisted graphene pressure sensor (MAGPS) for single-vessel local BP monitoring is designed to replace the cuff. The microcavity structure increases the working range of the sensor by gas pressure buffering. Therefore, the MAGPS achieves a wide linear response of 0–1050 kPa and sensitivity of 15.4 kPa^(−1). The large working range and the microcavity structure enable the sensor to fully meet the requirements of BP detection at the radial artery. A database of 228 BP data (60-s data fragment detected by MAGPS) and 11,804 pulse waves from 9 healthy subjects and 5 hypertensive subjects is built. Finally, the BP was detected and analyzed automatically by combining MAGPS and a two-stage convolutional neural network algorithm. For the BP detection method at local radial artery, the first stage algorithm first determines whether the subject has hypertension by the pulse wave. Then, the second stage algorithm can diagnose systolic and diastolic BP with the accuracy of 93.5% and 97.8% within a 10 mmHg error, respectively. This work demonstrates a new BP detection method based on single vessel, which greatly promotes the efficiency of BP detection.展开更多
Considering the components produced by high pressure die casting(HPDC)process usually with ultra-large sizes and complex morphologies,high temperature solid solution treatment is not a suitable method to further impro...Considering the components produced by high pressure die casting(HPDC)process usually with ultra-large sizes and complex morphologies,high temperature solid solution treatment is not a suitable method to further improve their mechanical properties.In this study,two-stage aging treatment with different pre-aging times was designed and employed to further improve the mechanical properties of HPDC Al8SiMgCuZn alloy.The characteristics of precipitates were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope(TEM),and the precipitation strengthening mechanism was discussed.The results reveal that the strengthening is mainly contributed by the precipitation ofβ″phase after two-stage aging,and the number density and size of the precipitates are significantly depended on the pre-aging time.The number density of precipitates is increased with the pre-aging time prolonged from 0 h to 4 h,and then decreases with the further increase of pre-aging time from 4 h to 6 h.The precipitates with the highest density and smallest size are observed after pre-aging for 4 h.After pre-aged at 100℃for 4 h and then artificial aged at 200℃for 30 min,the yield strength of 207 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 325 MPa and elongation of 7.6%are achieved.展开更多
A novel dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle system(DPORC)with a dual-stage ejector(DE-DPORC)is proposed.The system incorporates a dual-stage ejector that utilizes a small amount of extraction steam from the highpressu...A novel dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle system(DPORC)with a dual-stage ejector(DE-DPORC)is proposed.The system incorporates a dual-stage ejector that utilizes a small amount of extraction steam from the highpressure expander to pressurize a large quantity of exhaust gas to performwork for the low-pressure expander.This innovative approach addresses condensing pressure limitations,reduces power consumption during pressurization,minimizes heat loss,and enhances the utilization efficiency of waste heat steam.A thermodynamic model is developed with net output work,thermal efficiency,and exergy efficiency(W_(net,ηt,ηex))as evaluation criteria,an economicmodel is established with levelized energy cost(LEC)as evaluation index,anenvironmentalmodel is created with annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction(AER)as evaluation parameter.A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the impact of heat source temperature(T_(S,in)),evaporation temperature(T_(2)),entrainment ratio(E_(r1),E_(r2)),and working fluid pressure(P_(5),P_(6))on system performance.It compares the comprehensive performance of the DE-DPORC system with that of the DPORC system at TS,in of 433.15 K and T2 of 378.15 K.Furthermore,multi-objective optimization using the dragonfly algorithm is performed to determine optimal working conditions for the DE-DPORC system through the TOPSIS method.The findings indicate that the DEDPORC system exhibits a 5.34%increase inWnet andηex,a 58.06%increase inηt,a 5.61%increase in AER,and a reduction of 47.67%and 13.51%in the heat dissipation of the condenser andLEC,compared to theDPORCsystem,highlighting the advantages of this enhanced system.The optimal operating conditions are TS,in=426.74 K,T_(2)=389.37 K,E_(r1)=1.33,E_(r2)=3.17,P_(5)=0.39 MPa,P_(6)=1.32 MPa,which offer valuable technical support for engineering applications;however,they are approaching the peak thermodynamic and environmental performance while falling short of the highest economic performance.展开更多
The present paper describes the statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for the control of hazardous pollutants in flue gas. In this work, we study the hydrodynamics of th...The present paper describes the statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for the control of hazardous pollutants in flue gas. In this work, we study the hydrodynamics of the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity. The hydrodynamics of a three-stage fluidized bed are then compared with those for a single-stage unit. It is observed that the total pressure drop over all stages of the three-stage fluidized bed is less than that of an identical single-stage system. However, the minimum fluidization velocity is higher in the single-stage unit. Under identical conditions, the minimum fluidization velocity is highest in the top bed, and lowest in the bottom bed. This signifies that the behavior of solids changes from a well-mixed flow to a plug-flow, with intermediate behavior in the middle bed.展开更多
文摘盾构管片所受土压力大小与盾构隧道施工过程中同步注浆、盾构机姿态、管片及地层刚度等因素紧密相关,上述问题的复杂性决定了已有理论公式和经验方法并未较好地反映盾构管片实际受力状态。文章通过收集35座盾构隧道的52个典型土压力监测断面实测数据,基于实测数据统计分析了盾构隧道土压力分布规律和影响因素。结果表明:(1)盾构管片所受土压力在0~400 k Pa之间的占样本总量的90%以上,经验注浆压力取0.3~0.4 MPa较为合理;(2)管片所受土压力与埋深近似呈指数关系,最大土压力与稳定土压力差值随埋深增大而减小;(3)侧压力系数λ范围为(0.5,2.3),部分超出了规范推荐的Ⅵ级围岩(0.5,1.0)取值区间,直接沿用规范建议值有失稳妥;(4)管片所受土压力与管-土刚度比近似满足二次函数关系,管-土刚度比ψ=1.0时,管片受力最为合理;(5)粘土地层管片所受土压力时空分布具有典型的4个阶段,即拼装阶段—注浆影响阶段—固结收缩阶段—土压力回升阶段,环向土压力具有不对称分布特性;砂土地层土水压力监测曲线分别呈"弱衰减脉冲式波动"和"双驼峰"分布特征,稳定后环向土压力对称分布特性显著,水压力具有"下大上小"的灯泡型分布形态。其结论可为研究盾构隧道土压力作用机理及管片设计方法的完善提供参考和借鉴。
基金funded by Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Project under Grant No.KJQN202000747the National Key Research and Development Program Project NO.2018YFB1600400+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project grant No.2019M663890XBChongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project Grant No.228512Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing No.cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0599.
文摘Impulse waves that are generated by landslides in narrow reservoir areas threaten the stability of buildings and bank slopes.To discuss the action process and evolution law of the wave pressure on bank slopes,a three-dimensional physical model test that considers impulse waves generated by landslides was performed,and factors including landslide width,thickness,slope angles of the sliding surface,and bank slope angle were considered.Based on wave forms on the bank slopes,wave pressure curve characteristics,and peak value,the action process of wave pressure could be divided into the following stages:maximum pulsating pressure stage,wave impact stage(when waves break),and stationary pulsation stage.It was found that wave breaking is dependent on the value of the surf similarity parameterξ.The distribution pattern of impact pressure decays linearly on both sides of the maximum impact pressure point,and the attenuation degree decreases when it attains 40%of the maximum value.Thus,it is proposed that the prediction formula for the maximum effective impact pressure of the bank slope be related to the reciprocal of wave steepness,relative water depth,and slope rate.The prediction formula provides strong theoretical support for early safety warning and for predicting the bank slope under impulse waves generated by landslides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62201624,32000939,21775168,22174167,51861145202 and U20A20168)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2024A1515012056 and 2019A1515111183)+4 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.RCBS20221008093310024)Shenzhen Research Funding Program(Nos.JCYJ20190807160401657 and JCYJ201908073000608)Open Research Fund Program of Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology(No.BR2023KF02010)The authors are also thankful for the support from Key Laboratory of Sensing Technology and Biomedical Instruments of Guangdong Province(No.2020B1212060077)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Sun Yat-sen University(No.24xkjc034).
文摘Dynamic monitoring of blood pressure (BP) is beneficial to obtain comprehensive cardiovascular information of patients throughout the day. However, the clinical BP measurement method relies on wearing a bulky cuff, which limits the long-term monitoring and control of BP. In this work, a microcavity assisted graphene pressure sensor (MAGPS) for single-vessel local BP monitoring is designed to replace the cuff. The microcavity structure increases the working range of the sensor by gas pressure buffering. Therefore, the MAGPS achieves a wide linear response of 0–1050 kPa and sensitivity of 15.4 kPa^(−1). The large working range and the microcavity structure enable the sensor to fully meet the requirements of BP detection at the radial artery. A database of 228 BP data (60-s data fragment detected by MAGPS) and 11,804 pulse waves from 9 healthy subjects and 5 hypertensive subjects is built. Finally, the BP was detected and analyzed automatically by combining MAGPS and a two-stage convolutional neural network algorithm. For the BP detection method at local radial artery, the first stage algorithm first determines whether the subject has hypertension by the pulse wave. Then, the second stage algorithm can diagnose systolic and diastolic BP with the accuracy of 93.5% and 97.8% within a 10 mmHg error, respectively. This work demonstrates a new BP detection method based on single vessel, which greatly promotes the efficiency of BP detection.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A151510042,2021A1515011728)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711190)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51875211)the Key Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(No.2020B010186002)。
文摘Considering the components produced by high pressure die casting(HPDC)process usually with ultra-large sizes and complex morphologies,high temperature solid solution treatment is not a suitable method to further improve their mechanical properties.In this study,two-stage aging treatment with different pre-aging times was designed and employed to further improve the mechanical properties of HPDC Al8SiMgCuZn alloy.The characteristics of precipitates were evaluated by a transmission electron microscope(TEM),and the precipitation strengthening mechanism was discussed.The results reveal that the strengthening is mainly contributed by the precipitation ofβ″phase after two-stage aging,and the number density and size of the precipitates are significantly depended on the pre-aging time.The number density of precipitates is increased with the pre-aging time prolonged from 0 h to 4 h,and then decreases with the further increase of pre-aging time from 4 h to 6 h.The precipitates with the highest density and smallest size are observed after pre-aging for 4 h.After pre-aged at 100℃for 4 h and then artificial aged at 200℃for 30 min,the yield strength of 207 MPa,ultimate tensile strength of 325 MPa and elongation of 7.6%are achieved.
基金supported by the Foundation of Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Storage and Utilization(Grant Nos.CNWK202304 and CNNK202315)the Introduction of TalentResearch Start-Up Funding Projects ofYingkou Institute of Technology(Grant No.YJRC202107).
文摘A novel dual-pressure organic Rankine cycle system(DPORC)with a dual-stage ejector(DE-DPORC)is proposed.The system incorporates a dual-stage ejector that utilizes a small amount of extraction steam from the highpressure expander to pressurize a large quantity of exhaust gas to performwork for the low-pressure expander.This innovative approach addresses condensing pressure limitations,reduces power consumption during pressurization,minimizes heat loss,and enhances the utilization efficiency of waste heat steam.A thermodynamic model is developed with net output work,thermal efficiency,and exergy efficiency(W_(net,ηt,ηex))as evaluation criteria,an economicmodel is established with levelized energy cost(LEC)as evaluation index,anenvironmentalmodel is created with annual equivalent carbon dioxide emission reduction(AER)as evaluation parameter.A comprehensive analysis is conducted on the impact of heat source temperature(T_(S,in)),evaporation temperature(T_(2)),entrainment ratio(E_(r1),E_(r2)),and working fluid pressure(P_(5),P_(6))on system performance.It compares the comprehensive performance of the DE-DPORC system with that of the DPORC system at TS,in of 433.15 K and T2 of 378.15 K.Furthermore,multi-objective optimization using the dragonfly algorithm is performed to determine optimal working conditions for the DE-DPORC system through the TOPSIS method.The findings indicate that the DEDPORC system exhibits a 5.34%increase inWnet andηex,a 58.06%increase inηt,a 5.61%increase in AER,and a reduction of 47.67%and 13.51%in the heat dissipation of the condenser andLEC,compared to theDPORCsystem,highlighting the advantages of this enhanced system.The optimal operating conditions are TS,in=426.74 K,T_(2)=389.37 K,E_(r1)=1.33,E_(r2)=3.17,P_(5)=0.39 MPa,P_(6)=1.32 MPa,which offer valuable technical support for engineering applications;however,they are approaching the peak thermodynamic and environmental performance while falling short of the highest economic performance.
基金the AICTE,New Delhi,for providing the financial support necessary to carry out this workthe partial support of the University of Malaya,Ministry of Higher Education High Impact Research(UM.C/HIR/MOHE/ENG/20)
文摘The present paper describes the statistical modeling and optimization of a multistage gas-solid fluidized bed reactor for the control of hazardous pollutants in flue gas. In this work, we study the hydrodynamics of the pressure drop and minimum fluidization velocity. The hydrodynamics of a three-stage fluidized bed are then compared with those for a single-stage unit. It is observed that the total pressure drop over all stages of the three-stage fluidized bed is less than that of an identical single-stage system. However, the minimum fluidization velocity is higher in the single-stage unit. Under identical conditions, the minimum fluidization velocity is highest in the top bed, and lowest in the bottom bed. This signifies that the behavior of solids changes from a well-mixed flow to a plug-flow, with intermediate behavior in the middle bed.
