Soil erosion prediction technology began over 70 years ago when Austin Zingg published a relationship between soil erosion(by water)and land slope and length,followed shortly by a relationship by Dwight Smith that exp...Soil erosion prediction technology began over 70 years ago when Austin Zingg published a relationship between soil erosion(by water)and land slope and length,followed shortly by a relationship by Dwight Smith that expanded this equation to include conservation practices.But,it was nearly 20 years before this work's expansion resulted in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE),perhaps the foremost achievement in soil erosion prediction in the last century.The USLE has increased in application and complexity,and its usefulness and limitations have led to the development of additional technologies and new science in soil erosion research and prediction.Main among these new technologies is the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model,which has helped to overcome many of the shortcomings of the USLE,and increased the scale over which erosion by water can be predicted.Areas of application of erosion prediction include almost all land types:urban,rural,cropland,forests,rangeland,and construction sites.Specialty applications of WEPP include prediction of radioactive material movement with soils at a superfund cleanup site,and near real-time daily estimation of soil erosion for the entire state of Iowa.展开更多
To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's e...To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's erosion and abrasion was established. It was adopted to predict the wear increment of gun barrel. The results show that the prediction values given by the model coincide with the measured data better, and the model can predict the barrel's wear accurately and rapidly.展开更多
This study explains the multi-decadal shoreline changes along the coast of Kanyakumari from 1980 to2020.The shorelines are extracted from the Landsat images to estimate the shoreline dynamics and future predictions us...This study explains the multi-decadal shoreline changes along the coast of Kanyakumari from 1980 to2020.The shorelines are extracted from the Landsat images to estimate the shoreline dynamics and future predictions using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS).By the estimation of End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR),it is quantified that the maximum erosion is 5.01 m/yr(EPR)and 6.13 m/yr(LRR)consistently with the maximum accretion of 3.77 m/yr(EPR)and 3.11 m/yr(LRR)along the entire coastal stretch of 77 km.The future shoreline predicted using the Kalman filter forecasted that Inayam,Periyakattuthurai and Kodimunai are highly prone to erosion with a shift of 170 m,157 m and 145 m by 2030 and 194 m,182 m and 165 m by 2040 towards the land.Also,the western coast is highly prone to erosion and it is predicted that certain villages are prone to loss of economy and livelihood.The outcome of this study may guide the coastal researchers to understand the evolution and decisionmakers to evolve with alternative sustainable management plans in the future.展开更多
A field study was carried out to assess soil loss from ephemeral gully(EG)erosion at 6 different locations(Digil,Vimtim,Muvur,Gella,Lamorde and Madanya)around the Mubi area between April,2008 and October,2009.Each loc...A field study was carried out to assess soil loss from ephemeral gully(EG)erosion at 6 different locations(Digil,Vimtim,Muvur,Gella,Lamorde and Madanya)around the Mubi area between April,2008 and October,2009.Each location consisted of 3 watershed sites from where data was collected.EG shape,land use,and conservation practices were noted,while EG length,width,and depth were measured.Physico-chemical properties of the soils were studied in the field and laboratory.Soil loss was both measured and predicted using modeled empirical equations.Results showed that the soils are heterogeneous and lying on flat to hilly topographies with few grasses,shrubs and tree vegetations.The soils comprised of sand fractions that predominated the texture,with considerable silt and clay contents.The empirical soil loss was generally related with the measured soil loss and the predictions were widely reliable at all sites,regardless of season.The measured and empirical aggregate soil loss were more related in terms of volume of soil loss(VSL)(r^(2)=0.93)and mass of soil loss(MSL)(r^(2)=0.92),than area of soil loss(ASL)(r^(2)=0.27).The empirical estimates of VSL and MSL were consistently higher at Muvur(less vegetation)and lower at Madanya and Gella(denser vegetations)in both years.The maximum efficiency(M_(se))of the empirical equation in predicting ASL was between 1.41(Digil)and 89.07(Lamorde),while the M_(se) was higher at Madanya(2.56)and lowest at Vimtim(15.66)in terms of VSL prediction efficiencies.The M_(se) also ranged from 1.84(Madanya)to 15.74(Vimtim)in respect of MSL predictions.These results led to the recommendation that soil conservationists,farmers,private and/or government agencies should implement the empirical model in erosion studies around Mubi area.展开更多
文摘Soil erosion prediction technology began over 70 years ago when Austin Zingg published a relationship between soil erosion(by water)and land slope and length,followed shortly by a relationship by Dwight Smith that expanded this equation to include conservation practices.But,it was nearly 20 years before this work's expansion resulted in the Universal Soil Loss Equation(USLE),perhaps the foremost achievement in soil erosion prediction in the last century.The USLE has increased in application and complexity,and its usefulness and limitations have led to the development of additional technologies and new science in soil erosion research and prediction.Main among these new technologies is the Water Erosion Prediction Project(WEPP)model,which has helped to overcome many of the shortcomings of the USLE,and increased the scale over which erosion by water can be predicted.Areas of application of erosion prediction include almost all land types:urban,rural,cropland,forests,rangeland,and construction sites.Specialty applications of WEPP include prediction of radioactive material movement with soils at a superfund cleanup site,and near real-time daily estimation of soil erosion for the entire state of Iowa.
文摘To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's erosion and abrasion was established. It was adopted to predict the wear increment of gun barrel. The results show that the prediction values given by the model coincide with the measured data better, and the model can predict the barrel's wear accurately and rapidly.
文摘This study explains the multi-decadal shoreline changes along the coast of Kanyakumari from 1980 to2020.The shorelines are extracted from the Landsat images to estimate the shoreline dynamics and future predictions using Digital Shoreline Analysis System(DSAS).By the estimation of End Point Rate(EPR)and Linear Regression Rate(LRR),it is quantified that the maximum erosion is 5.01 m/yr(EPR)and 6.13 m/yr(LRR)consistently with the maximum accretion of 3.77 m/yr(EPR)and 3.11 m/yr(LRR)along the entire coastal stretch of 77 km.The future shoreline predicted using the Kalman filter forecasted that Inayam,Periyakattuthurai and Kodimunai are highly prone to erosion with a shift of 170 m,157 m and 145 m by 2030 and 194 m,182 m and 165 m by 2040 towards the land.Also,the western coast is highly prone to erosion and it is predicted that certain villages are prone to loss of economy and livelihood.The outcome of this study may guide the coastal researchers to understand the evolution and decisionmakers to evolve with alternative sustainable management plans in the future.
文摘A field study was carried out to assess soil loss from ephemeral gully(EG)erosion at 6 different locations(Digil,Vimtim,Muvur,Gella,Lamorde and Madanya)around the Mubi area between April,2008 and October,2009.Each location consisted of 3 watershed sites from where data was collected.EG shape,land use,and conservation practices were noted,while EG length,width,and depth were measured.Physico-chemical properties of the soils were studied in the field and laboratory.Soil loss was both measured and predicted using modeled empirical equations.Results showed that the soils are heterogeneous and lying on flat to hilly topographies with few grasses,shrubs and tree vegetations.The soils comprised of sand fractions that predominated the texture,with considerable silt and clay contents.The empirical soil loss was generally related with the measured soil loss and the predictions were widely reliable at all sites,regardless of season.The measured and empirical aggregate soil loss were more related in terms of volume of soil loss(VSL)(r^(2)=0.93)and mass of soil loss(MSL)(r^(2)=0.92),than area of soil loss(ASL)(r^(2)=0.27).The empirical estimates of VSL and MSL were consistently higher at Muvur(less vegetation)and lower at Madanya and Gella(denser vegetations)in both years.The maximum efficiency(M_(se))of the empirical equation in predicting ASL was between 1.41(Digil)and 89.07(Lamorde),while the M_(se) was higher at Madanya(2.56)and lowest at Vimtim(15.66)in terms of VSL prediction efficiencies.The M_(se) also ranged from 1.84(Madanya)to 15.74(Vimtim)in respect of MSL predictions.These results led to the recommendation that soil conservationists,farmers,private and/or government agencies should implement the empirical model in erosion studies around Mubi area.
