生态系统水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)连接了碳循环和水循环,是碳水耦合的重要参数。全面深入理解WUE的时空分布及其影响因素对预测陆地表面-大气相互作用和陆地生态系统的动态变化至关重要。该文基于大尺度遥感归一化植被指...生态系统水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)连接了碳循环和水循环,是碳水耦合的重要参数。全面深入理解WUE的时空分布及其影响因素对预测陆地表面-大气相互作用和陆地生态系统的动态变化至关重要。该文基于大尺度遥感归一化植被指数(normalization difference vegetation index,NDVI)以及温度和降水栅格数据,采用中分辨率成像光谱仪的总初级生产力和蒸散产品计算2000—2014年黄土高原生态系统WUE,运用岭回归探究黄土高原WUE对温度、降水和NDVI的敏感性。结果表明:1)沿西北-东南随降水量的增加,黄土高原多年均WUE逐渐降低,且黄土高原西南部高海拔地区WUE最低;同时,WUE的年际变化明显,以2011年为转折点,2012—2014年WUE明显高于其他年份。2)WUE对温度的敏感性在整个黄土高原呈现正值,WUE对降水和NDVI的敏感性存在阈值效应,即小于500mm降水量,WUE随降水和NDVI的增加而升高,超过550mm降水量,WUE则随降水和NDVI增加而降低。3)草地和灌丛WUE与NDVI正相关,森林WUE与NDVI负相关;灌丛WUE对温度和降水的敏感度明显高于森林和草地。展开更多
Drought is one of the severe natural disasters to impact human society and occurs widely and frequently in China,causing considerable damage to the living environment of humans.The Yellow River basin(YRB)of China show...Drought is one of the severe natural disasters to impact human society and occurs widely and frequently in China,causing considerable damage to the living environment of humans.The Yellow River basin(YRB)of China shows great vulnerability to drought in the major basins;thus,drought monitoring in the YRB is particularly important.Based on monthly data of 124 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2015,the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)was used to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of drought in the YRB.The periods and trends of drought were identified by Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition(ESMD),and the research stages were determined by Bernaola-Galvan Segmentation Algorithm(BGSA).The annual and seasonal variation,frequency and intensity of drought were studied in the YRB.The results indicated that(1)for the past 55 years,the drought in the YRB has increased significantly with a tendency rate of-0.148(10 a)^(-1),in which the area Lanzhou to Hekou was the most vulnerable affected(-0.214(10 a)^(-1));(2)the drought periods(2.9,5,10.2 and 18.3 years)and stages(1961–1996,1997–2002 and 2003–2015)were characterized and detected by ESMD and BGSA;(3)the sequence of drought frequency was summer,spring,autumn and winter with mean values of 71.0%,47.2%,10.2%and 6.9%,respectively;and(4)the sequence of drought intensity was summer,spring,winter and autumn with mean values of 0.93,0.40,0.05 and 0.04,respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the Henan Province Scientific and Technological Project (Grant Nos. 162102410066 & 172102410075)the National Key Research and Development Plan (Grant No. 2016YFC0401407)the open research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin at the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (Grant No. IWHR-SKL-201701)
文摘Drought is one of the severe natural disasters to impact human society and occurs widely and frequently in China,causing considerable damage to the living environment of humans.The Yellow River basin(YRB)of China shows great vulnerability to drought in the major basins;thus,drought monitoring in the YRB is particularly important.Based on monthly data of 124 meteorological stations from 1961 to 2015,the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI)was used to explore the temporal and spatial patterns of drought in the YRB.The periods and trends of drought were identified by Extreme-point Symmetric Mode Decomposition(ESMD),and the research stages were determined by Bernaola-Galvan Segmentation Algorithm(BGSA).The annual and seasonal variation,frequency and intensity of drought were studied in the YRB.The results indicated that(1)for the past 55 years,the drought in the YRB has increased significantly with a tendency rate of-0.148(10 a)^(-1),in which the area Lanzhou to Hekou was the most vulnerable affected(-0.214(10 a)^(-1));(2)the drought periods(2.9,5,10.2 and 18.3 years)and stages(1961–1996,1997–2002 and 2003–2015)were characterized and detected by ESMD and BGSA;(3)the sequence of drought frequency was summer,spring,autumn and winter with mean values of 71.0%,47.2%,10.2%and 6.9%,respectively;and(4)the sequence of drought intensity was summer,spring,winter and autumn with mean values of 0.93,0.40,0.05 and 0.04,respectively.
