Due to the rise of 5G,IoT,AI,and high-performance computing applications,datacenter trafc has grown at a compound annual growth rate of nearly 30%.Furthermore,nearly three-fourths of the datacenter trafc resides withi...Due to the rise of 5G,IoT,AI,and high-performance computing applications,datacenter trafc has grown at a compound annual growth rate of nearly 30%.Furthermore,nearly three-fourths of the datacenter trafc resides within datacenters.The conventional pluggable optics increases at a much slower rate than that of datacenter trafc.The gap between application requirements and the capability of conventional pluggable optics keeps increasing,a trend that is unsustainable.Copackaged optics(CPO)is a disruptive approach to increasing the interconnecting bandwidth density and energy efciency by dramatically shortening the electrical link length through advanced packaging and co-optimization of electronics and photonics.CPO is widely regarded as a promising solution for future datacenter interconnections,and silicon platform is the most promising platform for large-scale integration.Leading international companies(e.g.,Intel,Broadcom and IBM)have heavily investigated in CPO technology,an inter-disciplinary research feld that involves photonic devices,integrated circuits design,packaging,photonic device modeling,electronic-photonic co-simulation,applications,and standardization.This review aims to provide the readers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress of CPO in silicon platform,identify the key challenges,and point out the potential solutions,hoping to encourage collaboration between diferent research felds to accelerate the development of CPO technology.展开更多
The wireless electric vehicle(EV) charging system is highly safe and flexible. To reduce the weight and cost of EVs, the wireless charging system, which simplifies the structure inside an EV and utilizes the transmitt...The wireless electric vehicle(EV) charging system is highly safe and flexible. To reduce the weight and cost of EVs, the wireless charging system, which simplifies the structure inside an EV and utilizes the transmitter-side control method, has become popular. This study investigates the transmitter-side control methods in a wireless EV charging system. First, a universal wireless charging system is introduced, and the function of its transfer power is derived. It is observed that the transfer power can be controlled by regulating either the phase-shift angle or the DC-link voltage. Further, the influence of the control variables is studied using numerical analysis. Additionally, the corresponding control methods, namely the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage control, are compared by calculation and simulation. It is found that:(1) the system efficiency is low with the phase-shift control method because of the converter switching loss;(2) the dynamic response is slow with the DC-link voltage control method because of the large inertia of the inductor and capacitor;(3) both the control methods have limitations in their adjustable power range. Therefore, a combined control method is proposed, with the advantages of high system efficiency, fast dynamic response, and wide adjustable power range. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the transmitter-side control methods in the wireless charging system, considering the sensitivity of parameters, converter losses, system efficiency,and dynamic performance, with the dead-time effect taken into consideration. Moreover, the proposed control method can be used to realize the optimal combination of the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage with good dynamic performance, and it is useful for the optimal operation of the wireless charging system.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFB2203004).
文摘Due to the rise of 5G,IoT,AI,and high-performance computing applications,datacenter trafc has grown at a compound annual growth rate of nearly 30%.Furthermore,nearly three-fourths of the datacenter trafc resides within datacenters.The conventional pluggable optics increases at a much slower rate than that of datacenter trafc.The gap between application requirements and the capability of conventional pluggable optics keeps increasing,a trend that is unsustainable.Copackaged optics(CPO)is a disruptive approach to increasing the interconnecting bandwidth density and energy efciency by dramatically shortening the electrical link length through advanced packaging and co-optimization of electronics and photonics.CPO is widely regarded as a promising solution for future datacenter interconnections,and silicon platform is the most promising platform for large-scale integration.Leading international companies(e.g.,Intel,Broadcom and IBM)have heavily investigated in CPO technology,an inter-disciplinary research feld that involves photonic devices,integrated circuits design,packaging,photonic device modeling,electronic-photonic co-simulation,applications,and standardization.This review aims to provide the readers a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art progress of CPO in silicon platform,identify the key challenges,and point out the potential solutions,hoping to encourage collaboration between diferent research felds to accelerate the development of CPO technology.
基金supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(Grant No.2016YFE0102200)
文摘The wireless electric vehicle(EV) charging system is highly safe and flexible. To reduce the weight and cost of EVs, the wireless charging system, which simplifies the structure inside an EV and utilizes the transmitter-side control method, has become popular. This study investigates the transmitter-side control methods in a wireless EV charging system. First, a universal wireless charging system is introduced, and the function of its transfer power is derived. It is observed that the transfer power can be controlled by regulating either the phase-shift angle or the DC-link voltage. Further, the influence of the control variables is studied using numerical analysis. Additionally, the corresponding control methods, namely the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage control, are compared by calculation and simulation. It is found that:(1) the system efficiency is low with the phase-shift control method because of the converter switching loss;(2) the dynamic response is slow with the DC-link voltage control method because of the large inertia of the inductor and capacitor;(3) both the control methods have limitations in their adjustable power range. Therefore, a combined control method is proposed, with the advantages of high system efficiency, fast dynamic response, and wide adjustable power range. Finally, experiments are performed to verify the validity of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the proposed method. This study provides a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the transmitter-side control methods in the wireless charging system, considering the sensitivity of parameters, converter losses, system efficiency,and dynamic performance, with the dead-time effect taken into consideration. Moreover, the proposed control method can be used to realize the optimal combination of the phase-shift angle and the DC-link voltage with good dynamic performance, and it is useful for the optimal operation of the wireless charging system.
