With an increasing penetration of wind power in the modern electrical grid, the increasing replacement of large conventional synchronous generators by wind power plants will potentially result in deteriorated frequenc...With an increasing penetration of wind power in the modern electrical grid, the increasing replacement of large conventional synchronous generators by wind power plants will potentially result in deteriorated frequency regulation performance due to the reduced system inertia and primary frequency response. A series of challenging issues arise from the aspects of power system planning,operation, control and protection. Therefore, it is valuable to develop variable speed wind turbines(VSWTs) equipped with frequency regulation capabilities that allow them to effectively participate in addressing severe frequency contingencies. This paper provides a comprehensive surveyon frequency regulation methods for VSWTs. It fully describes the concepts, principles and control strategies of prevailing frequency controls of VSWTs, including future development trends. It concludes with a performance comparison of frequency regulation by the four main types of wind power plants.展开更多
虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)作为整合“源-荷-储”多环节资源的新一代智能控制技术,能够打破地域限制,实现广域范围内的能源互联共享。为应对同一区域内不同VPP“源-荷”资源差异性,解决分布式可再生能源(distributed renewable ...虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)作为整合“源-荷-储”多环节资源的新一代智能控制技术,能够打破地域限制,实现广域范围内的能源互联共享。为应对同一区域内不同VPP“源-荷”资源差异性,解决分布式可再生能源(distributed renewable energy,DRE)波动性与用电行为不确定性造成的功率实时平衡问题,引入集群服务商对包含多类型VPP的集群进行合理管控,构建包含多异质DRE、可控机组、储能、电动汽车以及可控负荷的VPP集群系统架构。对VPP集群内部电能互济进行独立定价以激励VPP参与联合调度,针对随机变量可预测性和累积误差随决策时间推进逐步增加的特性,建立包含日前协调调度与日内滚动优化的两阶段联合优化模型,日前阶段侧重于多VPP集群参与外部市场交易和内部电能互济,日内阶段侧重于VPP功率平衡降低偏差,形成多VPP间电能共享交互的多时间尺度调度策略;最后,以整合不同分布式能源的多VPP集群系统为例进行仿真分析,结果表明,通过多VPP协调互动和多时间尺度滚动优化,有效改善VPP集群系统电能均衡问题,显著提升整体运行经济性。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.61428301,61433004 and 61627809)
文摘With an increasing penetration of wind power in the modern electrical grid, the increasing replacement of large conventional synchronous generators by wind power plants will potentially result in deteriorated frequency regulation performance due to the reduced system inertia and primary frequency response. A series of challenging issues arise from the aspects of power system planning,operation, control and protection. Therefore, it is valuable to develop variable speed wind turbines(VSWTs) equipped with frequency regulation capabilities that allow them to effectively participate in addressing severe frequency contingencies. This paper provides a comprehensive surveyon frequency regulation methods for VSWTs. It fully describes the concepts, principles and control strategies of prevailing frequency controls of VSWTs, including future development trends. It concludes with a performance comparison of frequency regulation by the four main types of wind power plants.
文摘虚拟电厂(virtual power plant,VPP)作为整合“源-荷-储”多环节资源的新一代智能控制技术,能够打破地域限制,实现广域范围内的能源互联共享。为应对同一区域内不同VPP“源-荷”资源差异性,解决分布式可再生能源(distributed renewable energy,DRE)波动性与用电行为不确定性造成的功率实时平衡问题,引入集群服务商对包含多类型VPP的集群进行合理管控,构建包含多异质DRE、可控机组、储能、电动汽车以及可控负荷的VPP集群系统架构。对VPP集群内部电能互济进行独立定价以激励VPP参与联合调度,针对随机变量可预测性和累积误差随决策时间推进逐步增加的特性,建立包含日前协调调度与日内滚动优化的两阶段联合优化模型,日前阶段侧重于多VPP集群参与外部市场交易和内部电能互济,日内阶段侧重于VPP功率平衡降低偏差,形成多VPP间电能共享交互的多时间尺度调度策略;最后,以整合不同分布式能源的多VPP集群系统为例进行仿真分析,结果表明,通过多VPP协调互动和多时间尺度滚动优化,有效改善VPP集群系统电能均衡问题,显著提升整体运行经济性。
