Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） a...Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） and cadmium （Cd） on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat （Triticum aestivum） were investigated. The results showed that the toxicity sequence of HHCB toxic to wheat seed germination and seedling growth was similar to that of AHTN, that is, germination rate 〉 shoot elongation 〉 root elongation, while the toxicity of Cd was in the sequence of root elongation 〉 shoot elongation 〉 germination rate, according to the LC50 and EC50 values. It is suggested that polycyclic musks and Cd had different toxicological mechanisms. Root and shoot elongation of wheat might be good bioindicators for the contamination of polycyclic musks and Cd in soil. The mixture of polycyclic musks and Cd had synergistic effects on T. aestivum according to the equi-toxic mixture approach when root elongation was selected as the toxicological endpoint. Thus, the joint toxicity of HHCB and Cd was significantly higher than the single toxicity of HHCB or Cd, which was also confirmed by the EC50mix value of the mixture （EC50mix = 0.530 TUrnix）. The EC50mix value of the mixture of AHTN and Cd was 0.614 TUmix, which indicated that the mixture toxicity was strengthened when AHTN coexisted with Cd.展开更多
Polycyclic musks are widely used for cos- metics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representa- tive polycyclic musks, galaxolide （HHCB） and tonalide （AHTN） ...Polycyclic musks are widely used for cos- metics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representa- tive polycyclic musks, galaxolide （HHCB） and tonalide （AHTN） were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Xi＇an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC/MS） by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng.L1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9ng.L-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng. L-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng. I_~1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%-70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%-84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.展开更多
为研究多环麝香污泥处理技术,以污水处理厂的消化污泥作为主要原料,进行堆肥发酵试验,调查堆肥过程中佳乐麝香(galaxolide abbalide,HHCB)和吐纳麝香(tonalide,AHTN)的降解情况。同时,基于16S r DNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(polymerase c...为研究多环麝香污泥处理技术,以污水处理厂的消化污泥作为主要原料,进行堆肥发酵试验,调查堆肥过程中佳乐麝香(galaxolide abbalide,HHCB)和吐纳麝香(tonalide,AHTN)的降解情况。同时,基于16S r DNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)的分子微生物学方法研究了消化污泥堆肥中微生物群落结构的多样性变化。结果表明:高温堆肥发酵技术可以较好的降低消化污泥中的多环麝香浓度。佳乐麝香降解率可以达到86.84%,吐纳麝香降解率为77.91%;不同堆肥时间,堆肥物料内微生物群落结构多样性变化及均匀度变化明显,且与多环麝香浓度降低呈现较明显的对应关系。污泥堆肥发酵技术可以有效的降低消化污泥中多环麝香浓度,丰富的微生物群落资源可能直接参与多环麝香的降解过程。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 20777040)the Ministry of Education of China(No. 707011)
文摘Single and joint toxic effects of polycyclic musks including 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2- benzopyran （HHCB） and 7-acetyl-1,1,3,4,4,6-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene （AHTN） and cadmium （Cd） on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat （Triticum aestivum） were investigated. The results showed that the toxicity sequence of HHCB toxic to wheat seed germination and seedling growth was similar to that of AHTN, that is, germination rate 〉 shoot elongation 〉 root elongation, while the toxicity of Cd was in the sequence of root elongation 〉 shoot elongation 〉 germination rate, according to the LC50 and EC50 values. It is suggested that polycyclic musks and Cd had different toxicological mechanisms. Root and shoot elongation of wheat might be good bioindicators for the contamination of polycyclic musks and Cd in soil. The mixture of polycyclic musks and Cd had synergistic effects on T. aestivum according to the equi-toxic mixture approach when root elongation was selected as the toxicological endpoint. Thus, the joint toxicity of HHCB and Cd was significantly higher than the single toxicity of HHCB or Cd, which was also confirmed by the EC50mix value of the mixture （EC50mix = 0.530 TUrnix）. The EC50mix value of the mixture of AHTN and Cd was 0.614 TUmix, which indicated that the mixture toxicity was strengthened when AHTN coexisted with Cd.
文摘Polycyclic musks are widely used for cos- metics and other personal care and household cleaning products. The occurrence and removal of two representa- tive polycyclic musks, galaxolide （HHCB） and tonalide （AHTN） were investigated in three different processes of two sewage treatment plants （STPs） in Xi＇an, China. The samples were preconcentrated by solid phase extraction procedure and analyzed using a gas chromatography mass spectrometry （GC/MS） by a modified procedure. The HHCB was in the range of 82.8 to 182.5 ng.L1 in the influents and 22.6 to 103.9ng.L-1 in the effluents. The AHTN ranged from 11.0 to 19.3 ng. L-1 in the influents and 2.2 to 8.8 ng. I_~1 in the effluents. The removal efficiency of the two musks varied in the ranges of 43.1%-70.4% for HHCB and 54.2%-84.4% for AHTN. Concentrations of the two musks in aqueous phase of three processes slightly increased along the primary process, and significantly removed during the biologic treatment processes, revealing that the selected musks could be remarkably removed in varied activated sludge processes. Advanced processes of activated sludge did not show a significant superiority on selected musk removal compared to the conventional process. The selected musk removal mainly resulted from the adsorption function of activated sludge. There was no significant change of HHCB/AHTN ratios along the treatment flow, indicating that each sewage treatment structure had a similar removal efficiency for the two musks.
文摘为研究多环麝香污泥处理技术,以污水处理厂的消化污泥作为主要原料,进行堆肥发酵试验,调查堆肥过程中佳乐麝香(galaxolide abbalide,HHCB)和吐纳麝香(tonalide,AHTN)的降解情况。同时,基于16S r DNA的变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)的分子微生物学方法研究了消化污泥堆肥中微生物群落结构的多样性变化。结果表明:高温堆肥发酵技术可以较好的降低消化污泥中的多环麝香浓度。佳乐麝香降解率可以达到86.84%,吐纳麝香降解率为77.91%;不同堆肥时间,堆肥物料内微生物群落结构多样性变化及均匀度变化明显,且与多环麝香浓度降低呈现较明显的对应关系。污泥堆肥发酵技术可以有效的降低消化污泥中多环麝香浓度,丰富的微生物群落资源可能直接参与多环麝香的降解过程。
