A Eulerian sulfur deposition model is used to study the distributions of sulfur pollutants in East Asia, in which important physical and chemical processes such as transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, vertica...A Eulerian sulfur deposition model is used to study the distributions of sulfur pollutants in East Asia, in which important physical and chemical processes such as transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, vertical transportation in cumulus cloud, gas phase chemistry, aqueous phase chemistry and heterogeneous aerosol chemistry are included. Two cases, the periods of 1987.07.02 GMT00-1987 07 03 GMT00(case 1) and 1989 04 20 GMT00-1989 04 21 GMT00(case 2), are studied and the distributions of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 in East Asia are shown. It is revealed that the patterns of distributions of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 are different under different meteorological conditions. In the upper layer, the concentrations of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 are 0.4-1.0?μg/m 3 and 0.2-0.5?μg/m 3, 4.0-10.0?μg/m 3 and 2.0-6.0?μg/m 3 in the middle layer. In the surface layer, the levels of SO 2 range from 4.0 to 30.0?μg/m 3 and from 2.0 to 8.0?μg/m 3 for SO 2- 4. Distributions of SO x are controlled by emissions in the surface layer, while in the upper layer it is mainly affected by precipitation. The distributions of SO x show the interaction of emissions, winds and precipitation in the middle layer.展开更多
Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An impor...Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An important source of pollution, which creates concern in the inhabitants of neighboring areas, are waste-to-energy-plants, that nonetheless are necessary in the actual management of municipal solid waste. For this reason the waste-to-energy (WEP) plant of Bologna (Italy) was monitored from 2006 to 2008, collecting rainfall water in 6 sites around it. Moreover, dry deposition of pollutants was determined after leaching from leaves, with four samples collected during 2007. Trace elements were analyzed using spectrometry, deposition and fluxes were calculated. Results show that there is a large variability of concentrations of trace elements both in time and space. Moreover, the pollution in the area is quite diffused, with no clear determination of the role of the WEP. As a general remark, elements and trace elements found both in rainfall water and in leaching water from leaves showed a diffused pollution in all the monitored sites, probably due to the WEP but also to industrial/commercial area, large constructions and high traffic roads. In any case the values found in the area are comparable to values detected in similar area all over the world.展开更多
文摘A Eulerian sulfur deposition model is used to study the distributions of sulfur pollutants in East Asia, in which important physical and chemical processes such as transport, diffusion, dry and wet deposition, vertical transportation in cumulus cloud, gas phase chemistry, aqueous phase chemistry and heterogeneous aerosol chemistry are included. Two cases, the periods of 1987.07.02 GMT00-1987 07 03 GMT00(case 1) and 1989 04 20 GMT00-1989 04 21 GMT00(case 2), are studied and the distributions of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 in East Asia are shown. It is revealed that the patterns of distributions of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 are different under different meteorological conditions. In the upper layer, the concentrations of SO 2 and SO 2- 4 are 0.4-1.0?μg/m 3 and 0.2-0.5?μg/m 3, 4.0-10.0?μg/m 3 and 2.0-6.0?μg/m 3 in the middle layer. In the surface layer, the levels of SO 2 range from 4.0 to 30.0?μg/m 3 and from 2.0 to 8.0?μg/m 3 for SO 2- 4. Distributions of SO x are controlled by emissions in the surface layer, while in the upper layer it is mainly affected by precipitation. The distributions of SO x show the interaction of emissions, winds and precipitation in the middle layer.
文摘Atmospheric concentrations of many trace elements are significantly affected by human activities, and their quantification in atmospheric deposition can be useful to ascribe to different sources of pollution. An important source of pollution, which creates concern in the inhabitants of neighboring areas, are waste-to-energy-plants, that nonetheless are necessary in the actual management of municipal solid waste. For this reason the waste-to-energy (WEP) plant of Bologna (Italy) was monitored from 2006 to 2008, collecting rainfall water in 6 sites around it. Moreover, dry deposition of pollutants was determined after leaching from leaves, with four samples collected during 2007. Trace elements were analyzed using spectrometry, deposition and fluxes were calculated. Results show that there is a large variability of concentrations of trace elements both in time and space. Moreover, the pollution in the area is quite diffused, with no clear determination of the role of the WEP. As a general remark, elements and trace elements found both in rainfall water and in leaching water from leaves showed a diffused pollution in all the monitored sites, probably due to the WEP but also to industrial/commercial area, large constructions and high traffic roads. In any case the values found in the area are comparable to values detected in similar area all over the world.
