Background Since its first description in 1841, numerous variations and treatments of Poland＇s syndrome （congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle associated with brachysyndactyly） have been reported. No...Background Since its first description in 1841, numerous variations and treatments of Poland＇s syndrome （congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle associated with brachysyndactyly） have been reported. None of the reports, however, involved female Chinese patients. Methods A retrospective study of 24 female patients was conducted to guide the selection of methods of surgical reconstruction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. Type I （mild）： Limited tissue loss which can be treated with simple filling with autologous fat and/or an artificial breast implant. Type II （moderate）： Moderate thoracic tissue hypoplasia where the breast parenchyma can still offer adequate implant coverage. Mammoplasty using a latissimus dorsi muscular flap with an implant was performed in this group. The flap was used to fill the infraclavicular hollow, and the implant was placed in the dual-plane pocket. Type Ⅲ （severe）： Severe thoracic tissue hypoplasia, without sufficient parenchyma to offer implant coverage. A latissimus dorsi muscular flap was used to form a total submuscular pocket in which an implant was placed. Results The numbers of Type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ patients were 15, 3, and 6, respectively. All of the flaps and injected fat demonstrated good survival. Satisfactory cosmetic results were exhibited during the follow-up period of 1 to 9 years. Conclusions Although this group of patients showed varied conditions, they can be roughly divided into three types according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. In our experience, this classification is simple and useful in choosing the breast reconstruction options.展开更多
Summary: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or complete absence of the pectoralis major muscle and a wide spectrum of thoracic anomalies, predominantly on the ipsilateral side. T...Summary: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or complete absence of the pectoralis major muscle and a wide spectrum of thoracic anomalies, predominantly on the ipsilateral side. These anomalies include hypoplasia or aplasia of the breast and its components, hypotrophy of subcutaneous fat, and absence of axillary hair, as well as hand deformities that can range from syndactyly to ectrodactyly. The aim of this study was to gather information about patients diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos over a period of 10 years and to identify their reconstructive algorithm. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted to identify the population diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the “Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos” during the period from 2013 to 2023. Results: The database of patients with Poland syndrome from 2013 to 2023 was analyzed, identifying a total of 8 patients with this diagnosis. Of these, 7 were women (90%) and 1 was a man (10%). The left side was more frequently affected (80%) compared to the right side (20%). The average reconstructive process required two surgical stages, mainly consisting of breast expander reconstruction (first stage) and replacement of the expander with an implant (second stage). Conclusions: Despite being a rare congenital condition, the volume of patients treated at the Central South High Specialty Hospital allows for improved diagnosis and contributes to their reconstructive process. The lack of diagnosis in the male population is notable, likely due to the absence of adequate screening.展开更多
文摘Background Since its first description in 1841, numerous variations and treatments of Poland＇s syndrome （congenital deficiency of the pectoralis major muscle associated with brachysyndactyly） have been reported. None of the reports, however, involved female Chinese patients. Methods A retrospective study of 24 female patients was conducted to guide the selection of methods of surgical reconstruction. The patients were divided into three groups according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. Type I （mild）： Limited tissue loss which can be treated with simple filling with autologous fat and/or an artificial breast implant. Type II （moderate）： Moderate thoracic tissue hypoplasia where the breast parenchyma can still offer adequate implant coverage. Mammoplasty using a latissimus dorsi muscular flap with an implant was performed in this group. The flap was used to fill the infraclavicular hollow, and the implant was placed in the dual-plane pocket. Type Ⅲ （severe）： Severe thoracic tissue hypoplasia, without sufficient parenchyma to offer implant coverage. A latissimus dorsi muscular flap was used to form a total submuscular pocket in which an implant was placed. Results The numbers of Type Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ patients were 15, 3, and 6, respectively. All of the flaps and injected fat demonstrated good survival. Satisfactory cosmetic results were exhibited during the follow-up period of 1 to 9 years. Conclusions Although this group of patients showed varied conditions, they can be roughly divided into three types according to the degree of thoracic tissue development. In our experience, this classification is simple and useful in choosing the breast reconstruction options.
文摘Summary: Poland syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by the partial or complete absence of the pectoralis major muscle and a wide spectrum of thoracic anomalies, predominantly on the ipsilateral side. These anomalies include hypoplasia or aplasia of the breast and its components, hypotrophy of subcutaneous fat, and absence of axillary hair, as well as hand deformities that can range from syndactyly to ectrodactyly. The aim of this study was to gather information about patients diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos over a period of 10 years and to identify their reconstructive algorithm. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, observational, and descriptive study was conducted to identify the population diagnosed with Poland syndrome at the “Central South High Specialty Hospital of Petróleos Mexicanos” during the period from 2013 to 2023. Results: The database of patients with Poland syndrome from 2013 to 2023 was analyzed, identifying a total of 8 patients with this diagnosis. Of these, 7 were women (90%) and 1 was a man (10%). The left side was more frequently affected (80%) compared to the right side (20%). The average reconstructive process required two surgical stages, mainly consisting of breast expander reconstruction (first stage) and replacement of the expander with an implant (second stage). Conclusions: Despite being a rare congenital condition, the volume of patients treated at the Central South High Specialty Hospital allows for improved diagnosis and contributes to their reconstructive process. The lack of diagnosis in the male population is notable, likely due to the absence of adequate screening.
