为了提高盐碱地降水利用率,抑制化学(脱硫石膏)改良碱土过程中土壤盐分表聚及板结问题,该文以宁夏平罗县西大滩盐碱地试验站为例,设置了地膜秸秆复合覆盖(plastic and straw dual mulching,PSM)、地膜覆盖(plastic film mulching,PM)、...为了提高盐碱地降水利用率,抑制化学(脱硫石膏)改良碱土过程中土壤盐分表聚及板结问题,该文以宁夏平罗县西大滩盐碱地试验站为例,设置了地膜秸秆复合覆盖(plastic and straw dual mulching,PSM)、地膜覆盖(plastic film mulching,PM)、秸秆覆盖(straw mulching,SM)和无覆盖常规种植(no mulching,CK)4个处理,探讨改良龟裂碱土过程中不同覆盖措施下旱地油葵的土壤水盐结构特征及其对产量的影响。结果表明,PSM处理有效提高了30~100 cm土层土壤贮水、持水能力,推迟油葵消耗相对深层60~100 cm土壤水分的时间;在30~90 cm土层,其水分活跃性显著高于其他处理;比单一覆盖抑盐效果佳,土壤盐分缓冲性增强,盐分表聚程度显著降低;同时能显著降低土壤容重,提高土壤孔隙度。PSM处理提高了油葵苗期存活率和产量,其较PM、SM处理和CK分别增产35.45%,120.15%,87.80%(P<0.05);PSM处理较PM、SM处理和CK的降水利用效率分别提高了14.71%、86.45%和59.05%(P<0.05),其水分利用效率分别比SM和CK提高了10.80%和32.71%。综上,地膜秸秆复合覆盖(PSM)可增强土壤保墒抑盐能力,改善作物根区土壤水盐环境,提高天然降水的生产潜力;促进碱土改良初期的保苗增产,提高经济效益。展开更多
Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Heilonggang lower-lying plain, while a considerable amount of underground saline water is available. We wanted to find an effective way to use the brackish water in winter wh...Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Heilonggang lower-lying plain, while a considerable amount of underground saline water is available. We wanted to find an effective way to use the brackish water in winter wheat production. Surface mulch has significant effect in reducing evaporation and decreasing soil salinity level. This research was aimed at comparing the effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production. The experiment was conducted during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Four treatments were setup： （1） no mulch, （2） mulch with plastic film, （3） mulch with corn straw, （4） mulch with concrete slab between the rows. The result indicated that concrete mulch and straw mulch was effective in conserving soil water compared to plastic film mulch which increased soil temperature. Concrete mulch decreases surface soil salinity better in comparison to other mulches used. Straw mulch conserved more soil water but decreased wheat grain yield probably due to low temperature. Concrete mulch had similar effect with plastic film mulch on promoting winter wheat development and growth.展开更多
Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil wa...Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil water storage,soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch(CK)treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons.Compared to the CK treatment,PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%,respectively.Compared to the CK treatment,SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57,0.60 and 0.48℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.In contrast,compared to the CK treatment,PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44,0.51 and 0.27℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM.Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17%greater under the SM than under the PM treatment.Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments,but evapotranspiration was 4.5%higher in the SM than in the PM treatment.Consequently,water-use productivity was 6.6%greater under PM than under the SM treatment.Therefore,PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increased soil water storage.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program (863) of China (No. 2002AA2Z404), and the Key Innovation Project (No. KZCX3-SW-446) from Chinese Academy of Sciences,China
文摘Freshwater shortage is the main problem in Heilonggang lower-lying plain, while a considerable amount of underground saline water is available. We wanted to find an effective way to use the brackish water in winter wheat production. Surface mulch has significant effect in reducing evaporation and decreasing soil salinity level. This research was aimed at comparing the effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production. The experiment was conducted during 2002-2003 and 2003-2004. Four treatments were setup： （1） no mulch, （2） mulch with plastic film, （3） mulch with corn straw, （4） mulch with concrete slab between the rows. The result indicated that concrete mulch and straw mulch was effective in conserving soil water compared to plastic film mulch which increased soil temperature. Concrete mulch decreases surface soil salinity better in comparison to other mulches used. Straw mulch conserved more soil water but decreased wheat grain yield probably due to low temperature. Concrete mulch had similar effect with plastic film mulch on promoting winter wheat development and growth.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD1900703)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31272250).
文摘Amplifying drought stress and high precipitation variability impair dryland wheat production.These problems can potentially be minimized by using plastic mulch(PM)or straw mulch(SM).Therefore,wheat grain yield,soil water storage,soil temperature and water-use productivity of PM and SM treatments were compared with no mulch(CK)treatment on dryland wheat over a period of eight seasons.Compared to the CK treatment,PM and SM treatments on average significantly increased grain yield by 12.6 and 10.5%,respectively.Compared to the CK treatment,SM treatment significantly decreased soil daily temperature by 0.57,0.60 and 0.48℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.In contrast,compared to the CK treatment,PM treatment increased soil daily temperature by 0.44,0.51 and 0.27℃ for the whole seasons,growing periods and summer fallow periods,respectively.Lower soil temperature under SM allowed greater soil water storage than under PM.Soil water storage pre-seeding was 17%greater under the SM than under the PM treatment.Soil water storage post-harvest was similar for the PM and SM treatments,but evapotranspiration was 4.5%higher in the SM than in the PM treatment.Consequently,water-use productivity was 6.6%greater under PM than under the SM treatment.Therefore,PM treatment increased dryland wheat yield and water-use productivity,while straw mulch increased soil water storage.
