世界卫生组织正致力于发展安全、有效、实用的传统医药。中医药等替代医学已逐渐得到世界的认可。但其确切疗效有待科学的临床研究加以评估。安慰剂对照与阳性药物对照、空白对照等其他临床试验方法一样,是中药临床试验重要的研究手段...世界卫生组织正致力于发展安全、有效、实用的传统医药。中医药等替代医学已逐渐得到世界的认可。但其确切疗效有待科学的临床研究加以评估。安慰剂对照与阳性药物对照、空白对照等其他临床试验方法一样,是中药临床试验重要的研究手段之一。本文简要评述了安慰剂对照在临床试验中的意义以及中药临床试验中的安慰剂对照应用现状,并就安慰剂的使用提出了一些初步建议。我们应当强调在人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)指导下的科学合理的安慰剂制备以及安慰剂对照研究。科学的临床试验方案可避免后继试验中许多不必要的浪费,并为患者提供真正安全有效的治疗。展开更多
目的评估马来酸桂哌齐特注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的早期有效性和安全性。方法本研究为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照Ⅳ期临床研究,由北京协和医院牵头,全国65家国家临床试验机构的神经内科专业组共同完成。于2016年8月至2019年2月...目的评估马来酸桂哌齐特注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的早期有效性和安全性。方法本研究为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照Ⅳ期临床研究,由北京协和医院牵头,全国65家国家临床试验机构的神经内科专业组共同完成。于2016年8月至2019年2月连续入组发病时间≤48 h,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分为7~25分的急性前循环非心源性脑梗死患者,其中937例(治疗组466例,对照组471例)进入最终全分析集进行分析。以用药后14 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分≤1分比例和Barthel指数为疗效终点,安全性终点指标包括用药后14 d的生命体征、实验室检查指标和心电图结果。结果共入组946例患者,其中937例纳入最终分析。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗组用药后14 d mRS≤1分受试者比例高于对照组[分别为102/466(21.89%)和76/471(16.14%)],两组间差异具有统计学意义(OR=0.677,95%CI 0.484~0.948,P=0.023);治疗组病后14 d Barthel指数≥95受试者比例高于对照组[分别为125/466(26.82%)和91/471(19.32%)],两组间差异具有统计学意义(OR=0.632,95%CI 0.459~0.869,P=0.005)。两组间不良事件发生率相似。结论马来酸桂哌齐特注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,早期即可显著改善患者残障程度和日常生活能力,且安全性良好。展开更多
BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does...BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA. METHODS AND DESIGN： This is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1：1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo （imitation leflunomide）. The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo （imitation Xinfeng Capsule）. The American College of Rheumatology （ACR） Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate （ACR20）, which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. DISCUSSION： The result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier展开更多
BACKGROUND： When performing clinical trials involving acupuncture, it can be difficult to choose a placebo control. OBJECTIVE： To validate the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention. DESIGN,...BACKGROUND： When performing clinical trials involving acupuncture, it can be difficult to choose a placebo control. OBJECTIVE： To validate the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： Two different methods were employed. First, a researcher blinded to needle type administered the Park sham or a real needle, chosen at random, on the arms of 16 healthy volunteers. The researcher and the volunteers independently recorded which needle type they thought had been applied at each acupuncture point. Second, 19 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture applied with the real needle or the Park sham needle, once a week for 6 weeks alongside a course of physiotherapy. At the end of the 6 sessions the patients recorded which needle type they thought was being used. The results were analyzed with a Fisher＇s exact test. This study was carried out in the Outpatient Department of Physiotherapy in Chafing Cross Hospital, London, UK, on healthy volunteers and patients with shoulder impingement pain. The age range was 23 to 54 and 22 to 74 years respectively. RESULTS： Of the healthy volunteers, there was no difference （P=0.23） between the number of needles that were correctly （n=43） or incorrectly identified （n=53）. All patients thought that they had received the real needles. The researcher correctly identified all needles that were applied. CONCLUSION： The researcher delivering the acupuncture recognized the needle type. However, both healthy and patient volunteers were blind to the needle type. This demonstrates that the Park sham needle is an effective single-blind control. It should be noted that the number of patients recruited was small and the study was underpowered to detect an effect of treatment.展开更多
Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly thos...Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials. Many are eager to play a vital role in the advancement of acupuncture science and appreciate the need for strict protocol adherence to minimize bias. However, the acupuncturist(s) may also have concerns about clinical trial methodology, including but not limited to the delivery of a control condition, e.g., sham acupuncture. Investigators should anticipate certain questions and even a level of resistance to the requirements of research among acupuncturists and be prepared to address them. This manuscript presents a brief review of the subjective experience of the research acupuncturist within the available scientific literature as it pertains to the delivery of active and sham clinical research protocols. Our goals are to better understand the perspectives of acupuncturists who may participate in clinical research, so that their concerns may be addressed in study design and methodology. To that end, we suggest the creation of a novel training program specifically for clinical trial acupuncturists, intended for qualified TCM-and Western-trained practitioners, that would help to standardize the research acupuncturist’s role and help to strengthen the design and execution of acupuncture studies.展开更多
文摘世界卫生组织正致力于发展安全、有效、实用的传统医药。中医药等替代医学已逐渐得到世界的认可。但其确切疗效有待科学的临床研究加以评估。安慰剂对照与阳性药物对照、空白对照等其他临床试验方法一样,是中药临床试验重要的研究手段之一。本文简要评述了安慰剂对照在临床试验中的意义以及中药临床试验中的安慰剂对照应用现状,并就安慰剂的使用提出了一些初步建议。我们应当强调在人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use)指导下的科学合理的安慰剂制备以及安慰剂对照研究。科学的临床试验方案可避免后继试验中许多不必要的浪费,并为患者提供真正安全有效的治疗。
文摘目的评估马来酸桂哌齐特注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的早期有效性和安全性。方法本研究为多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照Ⅳ期临床研究,由北京协和医院牵头,全国65家国家临床试验机构的神经内科专业组共同完成。于2016年8月至2019年2月连续入组发病时间≤48 h,美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分为7~25分的急性前循环非心源性脑梗死患者,其中937例(治疗组466例,对照组471例)进入最终全分析集进行分析。以用药后14 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分≤1分比例和Barthel指数为疗效终点,安全性终点指标包括用药后14 d的生命体征、实验室检查指标和心电图结果。结果共入组946例患者,其中937例纳入最终分析。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,治疗组用药后14 d mRS≤1分受试者比例高于对照组[分别为102/466(21.89%)和76/471(16.14%)],两组间差异具有统计学意义(OR=0.677,95%CI 0.484~0.948,P=0.023);治疗组病后14 d Barthel指数≥95受试者比例高于对照组[分别为125/466(26.82%)和91/471(19.32%)],两组间差异具有统计学意义(OR=0.632,95%CI 0.459~0.869,P=0.005)。两组间不良事件发生率相似。结论马来酸桂哌齐特注射液治疗急性缺血性脑卒中,早期即可显著改善患者残障程度和日常生活能力,且安全性良好。
基金supported by the Twelfth Five-Year Support Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology for clinical studies investigating Xin'an medicine in the treatment of complicated ascites diseases(No.2012BAI26B02)
文摘BACKGROUND： Rheumatoid arthritis （RA）, as a common systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, affects approximately 1 in 100 individuals. Effective treatment for RA is not yet available because current research does not have a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of RA. Xinfeng Capsule, a patent Chinese herbal medicine, has been used in the treatment of RA in recent years. Despite its reported clinical efficacy, there are no large-sample, multicenter, randomized trials that support the use of Xinfeng Capsule for RA. Therefore, we designed a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy and safety of Xinfeng Capsule in the treatment of RA. METHODS AND DESIGN： This is a 12-week, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter trial on the treatment of RA. The participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group at a ratio of 1：1. Participants in the experimental group will receive Xinfeng Capsule and a pharmaceutical placebo （imitation leflunomide）. The control group will receive leflunomide and an herbal placebo （imitation Xinfeng Capsule）. The American College of Rheumatology （ACR） Criteria for RA will be used to measure the efficacy of the Xinfeng Capsule. The primary outcome measure will be the percentage of study participants who achieve an ACR 20% response rate （ACR20）, which will be measured every 4 weeks after randomization. Secondary outcomes will include the ACR50 and ACR70 responses, the side effects of the medications, the Disease Activity Score 28, RA biomarkers, quality of life, and X-rays of the hands and wrists. The first four of the secondary outcomes will be measured every 4 weeks and the others will be measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. DISCUSSION： The result of this trial will help to evaluate whether Xinfeng Capsule is effective and safe in the treatment of RA. TRIAL REGISTRATION： This trial has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov. The identifier
基金supported by the Imperial College London, Acupuncture Association of Chartered Physiotherapists and the Therapy Department at Imperial College NHS Trust
文摘BACKGROUND： When performing clinical trials involving acupuncture, it can be difficult to choose a placebo control. OBJECTIVE： To validate the Park sham needle for use as a double-blind control intervention. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： Two different methods were employed. First, a researcher blinded to needle type administered the Park sham or a real needle, chosen at random, on the arms of 16 healthy volunteers. The researcher and the volunteers independently recorded which needle type they thought had been applied at each acupuncture point. Second, 19 patients with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly assigned to receive acupuncture applied with the real needle or the Park sham needle, once a week for 6 weeks alongside a course of physiotherapy. At the end of the 6 sessions the patients recorded which needle type they thought was being used. The results were analyzed with a Fisher＇s exact test. This study was carried out in the Outpatient Department of Physiotherapy in Chafing Cross Hospital, London, UK, on healthy volunteers and patients with shoulder impingement pain. The age range was 23 to 54 and 22 to 74 years respectively. RESULTS： Of the healthy volunteers, there was no difference （P=0.23） between the number of needles that were correctly （n=43） or incorrectly identified （n=53）. All patients thought that they had received the real needles. The researcher correctly identified all needles that were applied. CONCLUSION： The researcher delivering the acupuncture recognized the needle type. However, both healthy and patient volunteers were blind to the needle type. This demonstrates that the Park sham needle is an effective single-blind control. It should be noted that the number of patients recruited was small and the study was underpowered to detect an effect of treatment.
基金the National Institute of Nursing Research of the National Institutes of Health(No.R01-NR017917)。
文摘Delivery of acupuncture in the setting of a clinical trial is a unique practice that diverges significantly from the delivery of acupuncture in a real-world clinical setting. Research acupuncturists, particularly those trained in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), are often required to set aside valued precepts of traditional care, including diagnosing imbalances, individualizing treatment, and forging a therapeutic relationship with patients. TCM-trained acupuncturists express mixed feelings about participating in clinical trials. Many are eager to play a vital role in the advancement of acupuncture science and appreciate the need for strict protocol adherence to minimize bias. However, the acupuncturist(s) may also have concerns about clinical trial methodology, including but not limited to the delivery of a control condition, e.g., sham acupuncture. Investigators should anticipate certain questions and even a level of resistance to the requirements of research among acupuncturists and be prepared to address them. This manuscript presents a brief review of the subjective experience of the research acupuncturist within the available scientific literature as it pertains to the delivery of active and sham clinical research protocols. Our goals are to better understand the perspectives of acupuncturists who may participate in clinical research, so that their concerns may be addressed in study design and methodology. To that end, we suggest the creation of a novel training program specifically for clinical trial acupuncturists, intended for qualified TCM-and Western-trained practitioners, that would help to standardize the research acupuncturist’s role and help to strengthen the design and execution of acupuncture studies.
