This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Trei...This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d’Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD<sub>5</sub>), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub> and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD<sub>5</sub> has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.展开更多
选取新疆南部阿克苏市郊柯柯牙防护林不同林龄新疆杨(Populus alba var.pyramidalis)林下土壤为研究对象,以裸露地为对照,通过野外采样和室内分析,基于分形维数模型研究了不同种植年限新疆杨土壤颗粒分形维数(D)特征及其主要影响因素。...选取新疆南部阿克苏市郊柯柯牙防护林不同林龄新疆杨(Populus alba var.pyramidalis)林下土壤为研究对象,以裸露地为对照,通过野外采样和室内分析,基于分形维数模型研究了不同种植年限新疆杨土壤颗粒分形维数(D)特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:不同年限新疆杨土壤D值处于2.2693~2.7104之间,明显高于裸露地(D=2.0545)(P<0.05),由高到低依次为22年生>15年生>6年生;在土壤深度10~30 cm和30~50 cm时,22年生防护林地D值较大,其它年龄林地各土层D值变化幅度不明显(P>0.05)。该防护林内各养分含量均高于裸露地,其差异显著(P<0.05),随杨树年龄的增长而增加。林地内土壤可溶性盐总量比裸露地降低了73%,其差异显著(P<0.05),随着杨树年龄的增长,土壤pH值及水溶性盐总量趋于降低。土壤颗粒分形维数与粉黏粒、土壤有机质、速效钾、全氮、有效磷、碱解氮、HCO_3^-等土壤理化参数呈显著正相关关系,与粗砂粒、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-、K^++Na^+等呈显著负相关,与全磷和pH值相关性不大(P>0.05)。研究表明,柯柯牙人工防护林水土保持措施对土壤改良效益显著,随着种植年限的延长其效果越来越明显。展开更多
文摘This work deals with the physicochemical and microbiological characterization of a hospital wastewater that is directly discharged in water bodies without treatment. Our focus was paid on the teaching hospital of Treichville (Cote d’Ivoire). For the purpose, various physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solid, conductivity, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand for five days (BOD<sub>5</sub>), salinity, and total suspended solids have been assessed. For the microbiological investigations, the parameters consisting in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella and total coliforms have been assessed. From the analysis, it has been found that the wastewaters of the teaching hospital of Treichville are highly loaded in organic pollutants and in pathogens bacteria. The values of nitrate, dissolved oxygen demand, COD, BOD<sub>5</sub> and biological parameters do not respect the international (WHO) values recommended for the water to be discharged in the environment. The ratio COD/BOD<sub>5</sub> has been determined to vary between 1.25 and 2.80. The results showed that the studied wastewater is a domestic type wastewater composed either by mostly biodegradable pollutants or a mixture of biodegradable and non-biodegradable organic pollutants. These wastewaters constitute therefore a risk for the populations since they are discharged in water bodies without any treatment and used by communities.
文摘选取新疆南部阿克苏市郊柯柯牙防护林不同林龄新疆杨(Populus alba var.pyramidalis)林下土壤为研究对象,以裸露地为对照,通过野外采样和室内分析,基于分形维数模型研究了不同种植年限新疆杨土壤颗粒分形维数(D)特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:不同年限新疆杨土壤D值处于2.2693~2.7104之间,明显高于裸露地(D=2.0545)(P<0.05),由高到低依次为22年生>15年生>6年生;在土壤深度10~30 cm和30~50 cm时,22年生防护林地D值较大,其它年龄林地各土层D值变化幅度不明显(P>0.05)。该防护林内各养分含量均高于裸露地,其差异显著(P<0.05),随杨树年龄的增长而增加。林地内土壤可溶性盐总量比裸露地降低了73%,其差异显著(P<0.05),随着杨树年龄的增长,土壤pH值及水溶性盐总量趋于降低。土壤颗粒分形维数与粉黏粒、土壤有机质、速效钾、全氮、有效磷、碱解氮、HCO_3^-等土壤理化参数呈显著正相关关系,与粗砂粒、Ca^(2+)、Mg^(2+)、SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-、K^++Na^+等呈显著负相关,与全磷和pH值相关性不大(P>0.05)。研究表明,柯柯牙人工防护林水土保持措施对土壤改良效益显著,随着种植年限的延长其效果越来越明显。
