The drinking water for all the inhabitants of Tangier is still an aim far from being achieved. Therefore, all rural areas and some urban areas feed water wells and springs whose composition and safety are unknown. In ...The drinking water for all the inhabitants of Tangier is still an aim far from being achieved. Therefore, all rural areas and some urban areas feed water wells and springs whose composition and safety are unknown. In the absence of data on water and ignorance of consumers towards the risk of poisoning and waterborne diseases transmitted by these waters, the authors conducted a study to determine the composition, physico-chemical quality and bacteriological these waters. This study is to provide a basic physico-chemical and bacteriological data from these waters in some urban areas of old or missing infrastructure in some sites in the province of Tangier. Such as Ziatine sites, Gzenaya, Rmilate, Malabata ＋ Mnar, Mghoura ＋ Aouama and Downtown. Analyzes are performed according to AFNOR methods （AFNOR： French Standards Association）. The results indicate that these waters are generally mild and are experiencing significant geochemical imbalance. Moreover, these waters also have a significant organic and bacteriological pollution. It is concluded that the waters of these sites are of poor quality, unfit for human consumption.展开更多
The effects of P2O5 oxide on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Ca0.02[{(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98( Cr3+1/2,Ta5+1/2)0.02}1–zPz]O3 ternary ceramics were investigated. Specimens with various conte...The effects of P2O5 oxide on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Ca0.02[{(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98( Cr3+1/2,Ta5+1/2)0.02}1–zPz]O3 ternary ceramics were investigated. Specimens with various contents of P2O5 from 0 to 12 wt. % were prepared by a conventional oxide mixing technique. The effect of P2O5 doping with regard to the development of the crystalline phase, density, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics has been investigated. It has been found that the sintering temperature of piezoelectric Pb0.98Ca0.02[{(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98(Cr3+1/2,Ta5+1/2)0.02}1–zPz]O3 can be reduced by phosphorus addition without compromising the dielectric properties. A sintered density of 94 % of the theoretical density was obtained for 4 wt. % P2O5 addition after sintering at 1050°C for 4 h. Ceramics sintered at 1050°C with 4 wt. % P2O5 achieve excellent properties, which are as follows: kp = 0.73, ρ = 0.09 × 10+4 (Ω. cm), εr = 18800, tanδ = 0.0094 and Tc = 390°C.展开更多
文摘The drinking water for all the inhabitants of Tangier is still an aim far from being achieved. Therefore, all rural areas and some urban areas feed water wells and springs whose composition and safety are unknown. In the absence of data on water and ignorance of consumers towards the risk of poisoning and waterborne diseases transmitted by these waters, the authors conducted a study to determine the composition, physico-chemical quality and bacteriological these waters. This study is to provide a basic physico-chemical and bacteriological data from these waters in some urban areas of old or missing infrastructure in some sites in the province of Tangier. Such as Ziatine sites, Gzenaya, Rmilate, Malabata ＋ Mnar, Mghoura ＋ Aouama and Downtown. Analyzes are performed according to AFNOR methods （AFNOR： French Standards Association）. The results indicate that these waters are generally mild and are experiencing significant geochemical imbalance. Moreover, these waters also have a significant organic and bacteriological pollution. It is concluded that the waters of these sites are of poor quality, unfit for human consumption.
文摘The effects of P2O5 oxide on microstructure, dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb0.98Ca0.02[{(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98( Cr3+1/2,Ta5+1/2)0.02}1–zPz]O3 ternary ceramics were investigated. Specimens with various contents of P2O5 from 0 to 12 wt. % were prepared by a conventional oxide mixing technique. The effect of P2O5 doping with regard to the development of the crystalline phase, density, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric characteristics has been investigated. It has been found that the sintering temperature of piezoelectric Pb0.98Ca0.02[{(Zr0.52Ti0.48)0.98(Cr3+1/2,Ta5+1/2)0.02}1–zPz]O3 can be reduced by phosphorus addition without compromising the dielectric properties. A sintered density of 94 % of the theoretical density was obtained for 4 wt. % P2O5 addition after sintering at 1050°C for 4 h. Ceramics sintered at 1050°C with 4 wt. % P2O5 achieve excellent properties, which are as follows: kp = 0.73, ρ = 0.09 × 10+4 (Ω. cm), εr = 18800, tanδ = 0.0094 and Tc = 390°C.
