Histone modifications are proposed to constitute a ＂histone code＂ for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. However, recent studies demonstrate that histones have to be disassembled from chromatin during transcr...Histone modifications are proposed to constitute a ＂histone code＂ for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. However, recent studies demonstrate that histones have to be disassembled from chromatin during transcription. Recent evidence, though not conclusive, suggests that histories might be degradable after being removed from chromatin during transcription. Degradation of overexpressed excessive histones, instead of native histones, has been shown to be dependent on proteasomes and ubiquitination. Since the 26S proteasome usually recognizes polyubiquitinated substrates, it is critical to demonstrate whether degradation of histones is mediated by polyubiquitination. Unexpectedly, there is almost no evidence that any ubiquitin ligase can promote polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of constitutive histones. Meanwhile, acetylation and phosphorylation are also associated with histone degradation. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the transcription-coupled degradation of histones and its regulation by posttranslational protein modifications.展开更多
利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实...利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实验,进一步证实了两蛋白质相互结合。通过体外激酶活性分析,发现M ST 1并不直接磷酸化Salvador,但是Salvador能够较强地抑制M ST 1对M BP(磷酸丁酯)的磷酸化,提示有可能Salvador通过影响M ST 1的激酶活性来参与了M ST 1介导的细胞凋亡途径。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No.2012CB910300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30525033)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China to X.-B.O
文摘Histone modifications are proposed to constitute a ＂histone code＂ for epigenetic regulation of gene expression. However, recent studies demonstrate that histones have to be disassembled from chromatin during transcription. Recent evidence, though not conclusive, suggests that histories might be degradable after being removed from chromatin during transcription. Degradation of overexpressed excessive histones, instead of native histones, has been shown to be dependent on proteasomes and ubiquitination. Since the 26S proteasome usually recognizes polyubiquitinated substrates, it is critical to demonstrate whether degradation of histones is mediated by polyubiquitination. Unexpectedly, there is almost no evidence that any ubiquitin ligase can promote polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of constitutive histones. Meanwhile, acetylation and phosphorylation are also associated with histone degradation. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge on the transcription-coupled degradation of histones and its regulation by posttranslational protein modifications.
文摘利用酵母双杂交系统,以鼠M ST 1(M amm alian STE 20-1 ike 1)为诱饵蛋白,在鼠胚胎库中筛选到22个Salvador的片段。通过E.coli表达系统纯化了6个组氨酸(6H is)融合的M ST 1和谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)融合的Salvador,并做体外蛋白质结合实验,进一步证实了两蛋白质相互结合。通过体外激酶活性分析,发现M ST 1并不直接磷酸化Salvador,但是Salvador能够较强地抑制M ST 1对M BP(磷酸丁酯)的磷酸化,提示有可能Salvador通过影响M ST 1的激酶活性来参与了M ST 1介导的细胞凋亡途径。
