The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene family in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.The present study aimed to characterize th...The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene family in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.The present study aimed to characterize the PAL genes in tea plants,and get better insights on the CsPALs in anthocyanins accumulation.Seven CsPAL genes were identified and characterized in tea plants by bioinformatics analysis.Systematic analysis of CsPALs was conducted for its phylogenetic relationship,gene structure,chromosomal location,and protein conserved motifs based on tea plant genome.The cis-elements of CsPALs were responsive to light,abiotic stress,hormone,and MYB-binding site.Furthermore,tissuespecific expression analysis showed that CsPAL4 was expressed preferentially in young leaves and buds.Correlation analysis was performed in purple-leaf tea with anthocyanin components,and it was suggested that CsPAL4 was closely related with different anthocyanin accumulated,especially with cyanidin 3-O-galactoside,cyanidin 3-O-glucoside,and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside.Additionally,the putative upstream regulation factors CsMYBs(CsMYB59,CsARR1,CsSRM1,CsMYB101,and CsMYB52)and CsbHLHs(CsbHLH104,CsbHLH3,CsbIM1,CsTCP14,and CsPIF4)could bind to the promoter of CsPALs,thereby activating its transcription.This study provides a theoretical basis for further research to elucidate the functions of the CsPAL genes.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine(Phe) and tyrosine(Tyr) on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides(PeGs) to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic pl...AIM: To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine(Phe) and tyrosine(Tyr) on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides(PeGs) to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola. METHOD: A cell suspension culture of C. deserticola was established and precursors of different concentrations were fed. In each group, the cell was sampled at the 24th day after inoculation. The content of total phenolic compounds and four PeGs compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an HPLC method, respectively. RESULTS: In the Phe fed cells, the maximum PeGs yield was achieved when Phe was fed at 1.5 mmol·L-1 and the yield reached 1.13 times the control cell concentration. In the Tyr fed cells, the maximum yield of PeGs was 1.60 times of control when 0.75 mmol·L-1 Tyr was fed to the cells. Furthermore, it was found that the salidroside yield was 4.01 times of control group when 5 mmol·L-1 Tyr was fed. CONCLUSION: Tyr is a better precursor for PeGs accumulation compared with Phe, and the rate limiting enzymes might be involved in the Tyr branch.展开更多
基金This research was funded by the Fujian Province“2011 Collaborative Innovation Center”,Chinese Oolong Tea Industry Innovation Center special project(Grant No.J2015-75)China Agriculture Research System of MOF andMARA(GrantNo.CARS-19)Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation of Fujian Zhang Tianfu Tea Development Foundation(Grant No.FJZTF01).
文摘The phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL)gene family in tea plants(Camellia sinensis L.)encodes the enzyme that catalyzes the first reaction of the phenylpropane metabolic pathway.The present study aimed to characterize the PAL genes in tea plants,and get better insights on the CsPALs in anthocyanins accumulation.Seven CsPAL genes were identified and characterized in tea plants by bioinformatics analysis.Systematic analysis of CsPALs was conducted for its phylogenetic relationship,gene structure,chromosomal location,and protein conserved motifs based on tea plant genome.The cis-elements of CsPALs were responsive to light,abiotic stress,hormone,and MYB-binding site.Furthermore,tissuespecific expression analysis showed that CsPAL4 was expressed preferentially in young leaves and buds.Correlation analysis was performed in purple-leaf tea with anthocyanin components,and it was suggested that CsPAL4 was closely related with different anthocyanin accumulated,especially with cyanidin 3-O-galactoside,cyanidin 3-O-glucoside,and delphinidin 3-O-glucoside.Additionally,the putative upstream regulation factors CsMYBs(CsMYB59,CsARR1,CsSRM1,CsMYB101,and CsMYB52)and CsbHLHs(CsbHLH104,CsbHLH3,CsbIM1,CsTCP14,and CsPIF4)could bind to the promoter of CsPALs,thereby activating its transcription.This study provides a theoretical basis for further research to elucidate the functions of the CsPAL genes.
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of feeding phenylalanine(Phe) and tyrosine(Tyr) on the accumulation of total phenolic compounds and four phenylethanoid glycosides(PeGs) to a cell suspension culture of the parasitic plant Cistanche deserticola. METHOD: A cell suspension culture of C. deserticola was established and precursors of different concentrations were fed. In each group, the cell was sampled at the 24th day after inoculation. The content of total phenolic compounds and four PeGs compounds were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and an HPLC method, respectively. RESULTS: In the Phe fed cells, the maximum PeGs yield was achieved when Phe was fed at 1.5 mmol·L-1 and the yield reached 1.13 times the control cell concentration. In the Tyr fed cells, the maximum yield of PeGs was 1.60 times of control when 0.75 mmol·L-1 Tyr was fed to the cells. Furthermore, it was found that the salidroside yield was 4.01 times of control group when 5 mmol·L-1 Tyr was fed. CONCLUSION: Tyr is a better precursor for PeGs accumulation compared with Phe, and the rate limiting enzymes might be involved in the Tyr branch.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30600807)Modernization of traditional Chinese medicine foundation (No. 08DZ1971502)+1 种基金western development cooperation foundation (No. 084358014)Shanghai Science and Technology Committee~~
