目的:在目前微生物敏感性水平下,预测美国医院药师学会等学(协)会外科手术抗菌预防临床实践指南推荐的一、二代头孢菌素方案预防标准体质量(以60 kg计)和肥胖(以120 kg计)患者外科手术部位感染(SSI)的效果。方法:以该指南推荐的头孢唑林...目的:在目前微生物敏感性水平下,预测美国医院药师学会等学(协)会外科手术抗菌预防临床实践指南推荐的一、二代头孢菌素方案预防标准体质量(以60 kg计)和肥胖(以120 kg计)患者外科手术部位感染(SSI)的效果。方法:以该指南推荐的头孢唑林2 g或3 g q4h和头孢呋辛1.5 g q4h方案分别作为一、二代头孢菌素预防外科SSI的考察方案,以100%f T>MIC(给药间期内游离药物浓度水平位于最低抑菌浓度之上的时间占给药间期的百分率)作为药动学/药效学(PK/PD)靶指数,以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为目标菌群,利用蒙特卡罗模拟计算上述方案预防标准体重和肥胖患者外科SSI达到PK/PD靶指数的累积反应分数(CFR),当CFR≥90%时认为抗菌效果佳。结果:对各目标菌群,标准体质量患者使用头孢唑林2 g与头孢呋辛1.5 g均可在给药后4 h内达到≥90%CFR;但对肥胖患者,头孢唑林2 g与3 g以及头孢呋辛1.5 g基本仅在给药后3h内达到≥90%CFR。结论:在目前微生物敏感性水平下,标准体重患者使用头孢唑林2 g q4h和头孢呋辛1.5 g q4h仍可用于外科SSI预防;但对肥胖患者,头孢唑林应采用2 g q3h方案,头孢呋辛应采用1.5 g q3h方案。展开更多
Objective To study the rational daily administration times of Yinchenhao Decoction(YCHD)when it was used to treat experimental jaundice in rats based on pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics model.Methods Rats were modele...Objective To study the rational daily administration times of Yinchenhao Decoction(YCHD)when it was used to treat experimental jaundice in rats based on pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics model.Methods Rats were modeled by 4%1-naphthylisothiocyanate(75 mg/kg)for 48 h,then YCHD was drenched with doses of 0.324 g/kg (extract,calculated with the clinical dosage)once,0.162 g/kg twice,and 0.108 g/kg thrice a day,respectively.The total bile and the flow rate of bile were observed after the first administration;Blood samples collected from the orbital sinus at different intervals were used to investigate the levels of liver enzymes(ALT and AST)and bilirubins (TBIL and DBIL),and determine the concentration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin(DME)in the plasma using UPLC at the same time,then we obtained the time-effect and time-dose curves.The rational daily administration times of YCHD when treating experimental jaundice were determined based on the comprehensive analysis of time-effect and time-concentration relationships.Results Within 10 h the total bile of rats which were administered once daily(G1) was 1.65 and 1.33 times higher than that of twice and thrice(G2 and G3)a day,respectively,and the four biochemical indexes(TBIL,ALT,DBIL,and AST)of G1 decreased faster than those of G2 and G3(P<0.05).On the other hand, the blood drug level of DME when administrated once daily could maintain at a higher level for a longer time,and its Cmax and AUC0→t were higher than those of G2 and G3,which might be the main reason why its effect was the most significant.Conclusion It is more appropriate to administrate once daily when YCHD is used to treat jaundice.展开更多
The International Society for Ethnopharmacology is a collaborative, interdisciplinary group of scientists–anthropologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, phytochemists, and others–all fascinated by th...The International Society for Ethnopharmacology is a collaborative, interdisciplinary group of scientists–anthropologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, phytochemists, and others–all fascinated by the study of the local and global use of traditional medicines. Traditional medicinal knowledge has been transferred over展开更多
文摘目的:在目前微生物敏感性水平下,预测美国医院药师学会等学(协)会外科手术抗菌预防临床实践指南推荐的一、二代头孢菌素方案预防标准体质量(以60 kg计)和肥胖(以120 kg计)患者外科手术部位感染(SSI)的效果。方法:以该指南推荐的头孢唑林2 g或3 g q4h和头孢呋辛1.5 g q4h方案分别作为一、二代头孢菌素预防外科SSI的考察方案,以100%f T>MIC(给药间期内游离药物浓度水平位于最低抑菌浓度之上的时间占给药间期的百分率)作为药动学/药效学(PK/PD)靶指数,以金黄色葡萄球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌为目标菌群,利用蒙特卡罗模拟计算上述方案预防标准体重和肥胖患者外科SSI达到PK/PD靶指数的累积反应分数(CFR),当CFR≥90%时认为抗菌效果佳。结果:对各目标菌群,标准体质量患者使用头孢唑林2 g与头孢呋辛1.5 g均可在给药后4 h内达到≥90%CFR;但对肥胖患者,头孢唑林2 g与3 g以及头孢呋辛1.5 g基本仅在给药后3h内达到≥90%CFR。结论:在目前微生物敏感性水平下,标准体重患者使用头孢唑林2 g q4h和头孢呋辛1.5 g q4h仍可用于外科SSI预防;但对肥胖患者,头孢唑林应采用2 g q3h方案,头孢呋辛应采用1.5 g q3h方案。
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81073069)
文摘Objective To study the rational daily administration times of Yinchenhao Decoction(YCHD)when it was used to treat experimental jaundice in rats based on pharmacodynamics/pharmacokinetics model.Methods Rats were modeled by 4%1-naphthylisothiocyanate(75 mg/kg)for 48 h,then YCHD was drenched with doses of 0.324 g/kg (extract,calculated with the clinical dosage)once,0.162 g/kg twice,and 0.108 g/kg thrice a day,respectively.The total bile and the flow rate of bile were observed after the first administration;Blood samples collected from the orbital sinus at different intervals were used to investigate the levels of liver enzymes(ALT and AST)and bilirubins (TBIL and DBIL),and determine the concentration of 6,7-dimethoxycoumarin(DME)in the plasma using UPLC at the same time,then we obtained the time-effect and time-dose curves.The rational daily administration times of YCHD when treating experimental jaundice were determined based on the comprehensive analysis of time-effect and time-concentration relationships.Results Within 10 h the total bile of rats which were administered once daily(G1) was 1.65 and 1.33 times higher than that of twice and thrice(G2 and G3)a day,respectively,and the four biochemical indexes(TBIL,ALT,DBIL,and AST)of G1 decreased faster than those of G2 and G3(P<0.05).On the other hand, the blood drug level of DME when administrated once daily could maintain at a higher level for a longer time,and its Cmax and AUC0→t were higher than those of G2 and G3,which might be the main reason why its effect was the most significant.Conclusion It is more appropriate to administrate once daily when YCHD is used to treat jaundice.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (81073069)
文摘The International Society for Ethnopharmacology is a collaborative, interdisciplinary group of scientists–anthropologists, pharmacists, pharmacologists, ethnobotanists, phytochemists, and others–all fascinated by the study of the local and global use of traditional medicines. Traditional medicinal knowledge has been transferred over
