The primary malignancies of the biliary tract, cholangio-carcinoma and gallbladder cancer, often present at an advanced stage and are marginally sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates...The primary malignancies of the biliary tract, cholangio-carcinoma and gallbladder cancer, often present at an advanced stage and are marginally sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that molecularly targeted agents may provide new hope for improving treatment response in biliary tract carcinoma(BTC). In this article, we provide a critical review of the pathogenesis and genetic abnormalities of biliary tract neoplasms, in addition to discussing the current and emerging targeted therapeutics in BTC. Genetic studies of biliary tumors have identified the growth factors and receptors as well as their downstream signaling pathways that control the growth and survival of biliary epithelia. Target-specific monoclonal antibodies and small molecules inhibitors directed against the signaling pathways that drive BTC growth and invasion have been developed. Numerous clinical trials designed to test these agents as either monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapy have been completed or are currently underway. Research focusing on understanding the molecular basis of biliary tumorigenesis will continue to identify for targeted therapy the key mutations that drive growth and invasion of biliary neoplasms. Additional strategies that have emerged for treating this malignant disease include targeting the epigenetic alterations of BTC and immunotherapy. By integrating targeted therapy with molecular profiles of biliary tumor, we hope to provide precision treatment for patients with malignant diseases of the biliary tract.展开更多
个体化治疗可以提高肿瘤病人的生存质量和生存时间,而肿瘤患者基因状态指导个体化用药,商业化的液滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,dd PCR)已经上市,并且可以在一个样本中对核酸精确定量。它是通过将模板稀释到20000个水包油微滴实现的,...个体化治疗可以提高肿瘤病人的生存质量和生存时间,而肿瘤患者基因状态指导个体化用药,商业化的液滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,dd PCR)已经上市,并且可以在一个样本中对核酸精确定量。它是通过将模板稀释到20000个水包油微滴实现的,每个液滴可被微滴阅读器判定为阳性或阴性,因此某个等位基因的浓度可以被精确计算,它能够用于检测稀有突变体以及定量。与传统的实时PCR(q PCR)相比,dd PCR具有许多优点,尤其是灵敏且能够获得精确定量,例如,可以检测石蜡包埋样品中基因组扩增;可以以非侵入性的方式通过体液,如血液和痰来检测肿瘤基因突变;也可通过dd PCR检测拷贝数变异,从而研究其与癌症的相关性。展开更多
Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated person...Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases （e.g., insomnia）. First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates （76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples） compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.展开更多
Neuromuscular diseases present profound challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide, profoundly impacting motor functions. This research provides a comprehensive exploration of how artificial intelligen...Neuromuscular diseases present profound challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide, profoundly impacting motor functions. This research provides a comprehensive exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI) technology is revolutionizing rehabilitation for individuals with neuromuscular disorders. Through an extensive review, this paper elucidates a wide array of AI-driven interventions spanning robotic-assisted therapy, virtual reality rehabilitation, and intricately tailored machine learning algorithms. The aim is to delve into the nuanced applications of AI, unlocking its transformative potential in optimizing personalized treatment plans for those grappling with the complexities of neuromuscular diseases. By examining the multifaceted intersection of AI and rehabilitation, this paper not only contributes to our understanding of cutting-edge advancements but also envisions a future where technological innovations play a pivotal role in alleviating the challenges posed by neuromuscular diseases. From employing neural-fuzzy adaptive controllers for precise trajectory tracking amidst uncertainties to utilizing machine learning algorithms for recognizing patient motor intentions and adapting training accordingly, this research encompasses a holistic approach towards harnessing AI for enhanced rehabilitation outcomes. By embracing the synergy between AI and rehabilitation, we pave the way for a future where individuals with neuromuscular disorders can access tailored, effective, and technologically-driven interventions to improve their quality of life and functional independence.展开更多
生物标志物是用以标志某一正常或异常生物现象、健康或者疾病的存在于组织、血液或其他体液中的某种特定生物学分子。它在肿瘤研究中可分为诊断性、预后性和预测性生物标志物,其鉴定及应用对评价肿瘤的诊断、治疗、预后评估及抗药物的...生物标志物是用以标志某一正常或异常生物现象、健康或者疾病的存在于组织、血液或其他体液中的某种特定生物学分子。它在肿瘤研究中可分为诊断性、预后性和预测性生物标志物,其鉴定及应用对评价肿瘤的诊断、治疗、预后评估及抗药物的生物学效应都具有重要的临床价值,是现今肿瘤转化研究的重点之一。目前生物标志物的转化研究主要涉及肿瘤的诊断与分子分型、靶向治疗、治疗方案的选择与优化、预后预测等方面。本文旨在回顾生物标志物在口腔鳞癌治疗中的转化研究进展,对已上市的针对生物标志物的靶向治疗药物表皮生长因子受体抗体、程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1抑制剂的临床应用,以及作为治疗靶点的潜在生物标志物磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、WEE1、Wnt/β-catenin通路、Sonic hedgehog通路、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)通路等抑制剂的临床前试验以及对生物标志物在治疗方案优化的指导作用予以述评并提出未来的发展方向,为实现生物标志物指导口腔鳞癌的个体化治疗研究策略提供参考。展开更多
文摘The primary malignancies of the biliary tract, cholangio-carcinoma and gallbladder cancer, often present at an advanced stage and are marginally sensitive to radiation and chemotherapy. Accumulating evidence indicates that molecularly targeted agents may provide new hope for improving treatment response in biliary tract carcinoma(BTC). In this article, we provide a critical review of the pathogenesis and genetic abnormalities of biliary tract neoplasms, in addition to discussing the current and emerging targeted therapeutics in BTC. Genetic studies of biliary tumors have identified the growth factors and receptors as well as their downstream signaling pathways that control the growth and survival of biliary epithelia. Target-specific monoclonal antibodies and small molecules inhibitors directed against the signaling pathways that drive BTC growth and invasion have been developed. Numerous clinical trials designed to test these agents as either monotherapy or in combination with conventional chemotherapy have been completed or are currently underway. Research focusing on understanding the molecular basis of biliary tumorigenesis will continue to identify for targeted therapy the key mutations that drive growth and invasion of biliary neoplasms. Additional strategies that have emerged for treating this malignant disease include targeting the epigenetic alterations of BTC and immunotherapy. By integrating targeted therapy with molecular profiles of biliary tumor, we hope to provide precision treatment for patients with malignant diseases of the biliary tract.
文摘Determining effective traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatments for specific disease conditions or particular patient groups is a difficult issue that necessitates investigation because of the complicated personalized manifestations in real-world patients and the individualized combination therapies prescribed in clinical settings. In this study, a multistage analysis method that integrates propensity case matching, complex network analysis, and herb set enrichment analysis was proposed to identify effective herb prescriptions for particular diseases （e.g., insomnia）. First, propensity case matching was applied to match clinical cases. Then, core network extraction and herb set enrichment were combined to detect core effective herb prescriptions. Effectiveness-based mutual information was used to detect strong herb symptom relationships. This method was applied on a TCM clinical data set with 955 patients collected from well-designed observational studies. Results revealed that groups of herb prescriptions with higher effectiveness rates （76.9% vs. 42.8% for matched samples; 94.2% vs. 84.9% for all samples） compared with the original prescriptions were found. Particular patient groups with symptom manifestations were also identified to help investigate the indications of the effective herb prescriptions.
文摘Neuromuscular diseases present profound challenges to individuals and healthcare systems worldwide, profoundly impacting motor functions. This research provides a comprehensive exploration of how artificial intelligence (AI) technology is revolutionizing rehabilitation for individuals with neuromuscular disorders. Through an extensive review, this paper elucidates a wide array of AI-driven interventions spanning robotic-assisted therapy, virtual reality rehabilitation, and intricately tailored machine learning algorithms. The aim is to delve into the nuanced applications of AI, unlocking its transformative potential in optimizing personalized treatment plans for those grappling with the complexities of neuromuscular diseases. By examining the multifaceted intersection of AI and rehabilitation, this paper not only contributes to our understanding of cutting-edge advancements but also envisions a future where technological innovations play a pivotal role in alleviating the challenges posed by neuromuscular diseases. From employing neural-fuzzy adaptive controllers for precise trajectory tracking amidst uncertainties to utilizing machine learning algorithms for recognizing patient motor intentions and adapting training accordingly, this research encompasses a holistic approach towards harnessing AI for enhanced rehabilitation outcomes. By embracing the synergy between AI and rehabilitation, we pave the way for a future where individuals with neuromuscular disorders can access tailored, effective, and technologically-driven interventions to improve their quality of life and functional independence.
文摘生物标志物是用以标志某一正常或异常生物现象、健康或者疾病的存在于组织、血液或其他体液中的某种特定生物学分子。它在肿瘤研究中可分为诊断性、预后性和预测性生物标志物,其鉴定及应用对评价肿瘤的诊断、治疗、预后评估及抗药物的生物学效应都具有重要的临床价值,是现今肿瘤转化研究的重点之一。目前生物标志物的转化研究主要涉及肿瘤的诊断与分子分型、靶向治疗、治疗方案的选择与优化、预后预测等方面。本文旨在回顾生物标志物在口腔鳞癌治疗中的转化研究进展,对已上市的针对生物标志物的靶向治疗药物表皮生长因子受体抗体、程序性细胞死亡蛋白-1抑制剂的临床应用,以及作为治疗靶点的潜在生物标志物磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、WEE1、Wnt/β-catenin通路、Sonic hedgehog通路、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(extracellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)通路等抑制剂的临床前试验以及对生物标志物在治疗方案优化的指导作用予以述评并提出未来的发展方向,为实现生物标志物指导口腔鳞癌的个体化治疗研究策略提供参考。
