Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on the causes and processes, this research emphasizes the consequences of collective turnover. Starting from a literature review, we use event chains to explore the ...Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on the causes and processes, this research emphasizes the consequences of collective turnover. Starting from a literature review, we use event chains to explore the consequences of collective turnover. Based on the case study of the Qidian founders＇ collective turnover, we build a holistic theoretical framework to show the dynamics and continuity over time, influenced by the complexity of context. Our main conclusions are as follows： （1） collective turnover has a cascade effect, causing a series of secondary and derivative events, （2） collective turnover has both proximal and distal impacts on human capital flow, operational performance and financial performance, （3） whether or not a collective turnover has a positive or negative effect depends on the context factors. An event chain perspective that extends collective turnover theory and organizational behavior theory is used. We advocate for an integrate understanding of the consequences of collective tumover. In addition, this research will provide practical, instructive policies to intervene in collective turnover.展开更多
Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly growing.However,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.Usin...Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly growing.However,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.Using an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation process.Participants were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual field.The probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting trials.ERP analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty air.After the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting trials.It indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention away.The findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air pollution.We conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.展开更多
An optimal tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with guaranteed performance and asymmetric input constraints is discussed in this paper.The control policy is implemented by adaptive dynamic progra...An optimal tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with guaranteed performance and asymmetric input constraints is discussed in this paper.The control policy is implemented by adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm under two event-based triggering mechanisms.It is often challenging to design an optimal control law due to the system deviation caused by asymmetric input constraints.First,a prescribed performance control technique is employed to guarantee the tracking errors within predetermined boundaries.Subsequently,considering the asymmetric input constraints,a discounted non-quadratic cost function is introduced.Moreover,in order to reduce controller updates,an event-triggered control law is developed for ADP algorithm.After that,to further simplify the complexity of controller design,this work is extended to a self-triggered case for relaxing the need for continuous signal monitoring by hardware devices.By employing the Lyapunov method,the uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals is proved to be guaranteed.Finally,a simulation example on a mass–spring–damper system subject to asymmetric input constraints is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.展开更多
基金The study is supported by China＇s National Nature Science Foundation （No. 71472094, 71132001）. We gratefully acknowledge the invaluable comments and advice from Professor Bing Ren （任兵）. We thank the editors and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive and generative comments throughout the review process.
文摘Unlike previous studies that have primarily focused on the causes and processes, this research emphasizes the consequences of collective turnover. Starting from a literature review, we use event chains to explore the consequences of collective turnover. Based on the case study of the Qidian founders＇ collective turnover, we build a holistic theoretical framework to show the dynamics and continuity over time, influenced by the complexity of context. Our main conclusions are as follows： （1） collective turnover has a cascade effect, causing a series of secondary and derivative events, （2） collective turnover has both proximal and distal impacts on human capital flow, operational performance and financial performance, （3） whether or not a collective turnover has a positive or negative effect depends on the context factors. An event chain perspective that extends collective turnover theory and organizational behavior theory is used. We advocate for an integrate understanding of the consequences of collective tumover. In addition, this research will provide practical, instructive policies to intervene in collective turnover.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.71921003 and 72222012)the Jiangsu R&D Special Fund for Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality(No.BK20220014)+3 种基金the Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(No.BK20220125)Dr.Jianxun Yang acknowledges supports from the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talent(No.BX20230159)the Yuxiu Young Scholar Postdoc Fellowship granted by Nanjing UniversityFuture Earth Early Career Fellowship granted by Future Earth Global Secretariat Hub-China.
文摘Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly growing.However,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms.Using an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation process.Participants were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual field.The probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting trials.ERP analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty air.After the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting trials.It indicates that after visual exposure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention away.The findings provide the first neuroscientific evidence for the distracting effect of air pollution.We conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62033003,62003093,62373113,U23A20341,U21A20522)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515011527,2022A1515011506).
文摘An optimal tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear systems with guaranteed performance and asymmetric input constraints is discussed in this paper.The control policy is implemented by adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)algorithm under two event-based triggering mechanisms.It is often challenging to design an optimal control law due to the system deviation caused by asymmetric input constraints.First,a prescribed performance control technique is employed to guarantee the tracking errors within predetermined boundaries.Subsequently,considering the asymmetric input constraints,a discounted non-quadratic cost function is introduced.Moreover,in order to reduce controller updates,an event-triggered control law is developed for ADP algorithm.After that,to further simplify the complexity of controller design,this work is extended to a self-triggered case for relaxing the need for continuous signal monitoring by hardware devices.By employing the Lyapunov method,the uniform ultimate boundedness of all signals is proved to be guaranteed.Finally,a simulation example on a mass–spring–damper system subject to asymmetric input constraints is provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
