Development status and five principal practice modes of ecological cycling agriculture are introduced,such as the quantitative reduction mode with the characteristics of fertilizer reduction and clean production,the e...Development status and five principal practice modes of ecological cycling agriculture are introduced,such as the quantitative reduction mode with the characteristics of fertilizer reduction and clean production,the ecological chain connection and conversion mode including the combination of farming and grazing and the new mode of farming,the agricultural waste recycling mode with biogas as a link and the comprehensive utilization of waste,quality enhancement mode of agricultural products,and eco-cycle mode of agricultural park.Based on the analysis of the socio-economic characteristic environment of these modes,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward in order to promote the development of circular agriculture,such as improving the macro-control mechanism led by the government,promoting the construction of technological innovation system of ecological circular agriculture,and creating the atmosphere for circular agriculture development.展开更多
Response patters were investigated for seedlings of Hedysarum mongolicum, a dominant shrub in Maowusu sandland, to the simulated precipitation change by artificially controlling water supply at four levels. Plant ...Response patters were investigated for seedlings of Hedysarum mongolicum, a dominant shrub in Maowusu sandland, to the simulated precipitation change by artificially controlling water supply at four levels. Plant growth characters, in terms of branch number and length, leaf number and area, and biomass, increased while water supply increased. However, the effect of water supply on leaf photosynthetic rate was not significant. Root/shoot biomass ratio significantly decreased with the increase of water supply, which was considered adaptive distribution of biomass investments in the different water supply. Water supply obviously affected branching patter. Branch section number, branch number and length of the same section enhanced as water supply increased. Branch number and length were clearly positive correlation with total and aboveground biomass in four water supply treatments. Branch character fully showed plant growth.展开更多
The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission （PIXE） and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure （XANES） spectros...The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission （PIXE） and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure （XANES） spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic （disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides） and inorganic sulfur （sulfates） in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO4^2-. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.展开更多
AIM:To investigate variations in the incidence of peptic ulcers(PUs) in Taiwan by day of the week within age subgroups.METHODS:Ambulatory care data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000.T...AIM:To investigate variations in the incidence of peptic ulcers(PUs) in Taiwan by day of the week within age subgroups.METHODS:Ambulatory care data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000.There were 7204 subjects≥18 years-old with an emergency room admission claim for the treatment of PUs,resulting in a total of 9234 emergency room visits for PUs between 2009 and 2011.Data was divided into the seven days of the week and an additional variable for holidays.One-way analysis of variance was used to examine associations among the daily mean number of PU emergency room admissions and holidays/weekends/weekdays.RESULTS:One-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in emergency room admissions for PUs by the day of the week(P<0.001),with admission more likely to occur on Sundays or holidays than weekdays within the total and working populations.The weekday patterns of admission were similar for the patients aged 18-64 years and≥65years of age.Holidays,followed by Sundays,had higher PU admissions than the mean daily PU emergency room admissions.Furthermore,inclusion of only those treated for PUs with hemorrhage or perforation,Sundays and holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other days.Inclusion of patients who diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection,only holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other days.Inclusion of patients who had been prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)for over30 d,Sundays and holidays had higher mean PU ER admissions than other non-holiday weekdays.CONCLUSION:There is a higher incidence of emergency room admission for PUs on weekends than on weekdays for the total and working populations.展开更多
This paper describes an efficient approach for labeling images using a combination of pipeline (Datacube) and (general purpose computer) processing. The output of the algorithm is coordinate list of labeled object pix...This paper describes an efficient approach for labeling images using a combination of pipeline (Datacube) and (general purpose computer) processing. The output of the algorithm is coordinate list of labeled object pixels that facilitates further high level operations. It is an efficient labeling algorithm for a automatic classification of surface defects on wood boards.展开更多
The tiny searching step length and the satellite distribution density are the major factors to influence the efficiency of the satellite finder,so a scientific and reasonable method to calculate the tiny searching ste...The tiny searching step length and the satellite distribution density are the major factors to influence the efficiency of the satellite finder,so a scientific and reasonable method to calculate the tiny searching step length is proposed to optimize the satellite searching strategy. The pattern clustering and BP neural network are applied to optimize the tiny searching step length. The calculated tiny searching step length is approximately equal to the theoretic value for each satellite. In application,the satellite searching results will be dynamically added to the training samples to re-train the network to improve the generalizability and the precision. Experiments validate that the optimization of the tiny searching step length can avoid the error of locating target satellite and improve the searching efficiency.展开更多
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting tremendous attention for new-generation photovoltaic devices because of their excellent power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process....Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting tremendous attention for new-generation photovoltaic devices because of their excellent power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process. One of the various approaches to increase the efficiency of PSCs is to change the material or structure of the carrier transport layer. Here, optically long and electrically short structural concept is proposed to enhance the characteristics of a PSC by employing selectively grown single crystalline TiO2 nanorods. The approach has the merit of increasing the electro n-hole separati on effectively and en ables a thicker active layer to be coated without electrical loss by using TiO2 nano rods as an electr on pathway. Moreover, selectively grow n TiO2 nano rods in crease the optical path of the in cide nt light via scatteri ng effects and en able a smooth coati ng of the active layer. Nano imprint lithography and hydrothermal growth were employed to fabricate selectively grow n TiO2 nanorod substrates. The fabricated solar cell exhibits an efficiency of 19.86% with a current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor of 23.13 mA/cm^2, 1.120 V, and 76.69%, respectively. Time-resolved photoluminescence, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the incident phot on to current efficiency (IPCE) an alysis were conducted to understand the factors resp on sible for the improvement in characteristics of the fabricated PSCs.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity Improvement Programme of the Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences
文摘Development status and five principal practice modes of ecological cycling agriculture are introduced,such as the quantitative reduction mode with the characteristics of fertilizer reduction and clean production,the ecological chain connection and conversion mode including the combination of farming and grazing and the new mode of farming,the agricultural waste recycling mode with biogas as a link and the comprehensive utilization of waste,quality enhancement mode of agricultural products,and eco-cycle mode of agricultural park.Based on the analysis of the socio-economic characteristic environment of these modes,corresponding policy suggestions are put forward in order to promote the development of circular agriculture,such as improving the macro-control mechanism led by the government,promoting the construction of technological innovation system of ecological circular agriculture,and creating the atmosphere for circular agriculture development.
文摘Response patters were investigated for seedlings of Hedysarum mongolicum, a dominant shrub in Maowusu sandland, to the simulated precipitation change by artificially controlling water supply at four levels. Plant growth characters, in terms of branch number and length, leaf number and area, and biomass, increased while water supply increased. However, the effect of water supply on leaf photosynthetic rate was not significant. Root/shoot biomass ratio significantly decreased with the increase of water supply, which was considered adaptive distribution of biomass investments in the different water supply. Water supply obviously affected branching patter. Branch section number, branch number and length of the same section enhanced as water supply increased. Branch number and length were clearly positive correlation with total and aboveground biomass in four water supply treatments. Branch character fully showed plant growth.
基金Supported by Major Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX3.SYW.N3)Ex-ploration Project of Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (90070301)National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (10775174, 10775150)
文摘The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission （PIXE） and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure （XANES） spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic （disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides） and inorganic sulfur （sulfates） in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO4^2-. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.
文摘AIM:To investigate variations in the incidence of peptic ulcers(PUs) in Taiwan by day of the week within age subgroups.METHODS:Ambulatory care data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000.There were 7204 subjects≥18 years-old with an emergency room admission claim for the treatment of PUs,resulting in a total of 9234 emergency room visits for PUs between 2009 and 2011.Data was divided into the seven days of the week and an additional variable for holidays.One-way analysis of variance was used to examine associations among the daily mean number of PU emergency room admissions and holidays/weekends/weekdays.RESULTS:One-way analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference in emergency room admissions for PUs by the day of the week(P<0.001),with admission more likely to occur on Sundays or holidays than weekdays within the total and working populations.The weekday patterns of admission were similar for the patients aged 18-64 years and≥65years of age.Holidays,followed by Sundays,had higher PU admissions than the mean daily PU emergency room admissions.Furthermore,inclusion of only those treated for PUs with hemorrhage or perforation,Sundays and holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other days.Inclusion of patients who diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori infection,only holidays had higher mean emergency room admissions than other days.Inclusion of patients who had been prescribed non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs)for over30 d,Sundays and holidays had higher mean PU ER admissions than other non-holiday weekdays.CONCLUSION:There is a higher incidence of emergency room admission for PUs on weekends than on weekdays for the total and working populations.
文摘This paper describes an efficient approach for labeling images using a combination of pipeline (Datacube) and (general purpose computer) processing. The output of the algorithm is coordinate list of labeled object pixels that facilitates further high level operations. It is an efficient labeling algorithm for a automatic classification of surface defects on wood boards.
基金Supported by Academic Innovation Project of Beijing(201106149)
文摘The tiny searching step length and the satellite distribution density are the major factors to influence the efficiency of the satellite finder,so a scientific and reasonable method to calculate the tiny searching step length is proposed to optimize the satellite searching strategy. The pattern clustering and BP neural network are applied to optimize the tiny searching step length. The calculated tiny searching step length is approximately equal to the theoretic value for each satellite. In application,the satellite searching results will be dynamically added to the training samples to re-train the network to improve the generalizability and the precision. Experiments validate that the optimization of the tiny searching step length can avoid the error of locating target satellite and improve the searching efficiency.
文摘Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are attracting tremendous attention for new-generation photovoltaic devices because of their excellent power conversion efficiency and simple fabrication process. One of the various approaches to increase the efficiency of PSCs is to change the material or structure of the carrier transport layer. Here, optically long and electrically short structural concept is proposed to enhance the characteristics of a PSC by employing selectively grown single crystalline TiO2 nanorods. The approach has the merit of increasing the electro n-hole separati on effectively and en ables a thicker active layer to be coated without electrical loss by using TiO2 nano rods as an electr on pathway. Moreover, selectively grow n TiO2 nano rods in crease the optical path of the in cide nt light via scatteri ng effects and en able a smooth coati ng of the active layer. Nano imprint lithography and hydrothermal growth were employed to fabricate selectively grow n TiO2 nanorod substrates. The fabricated solar cell exhibits an efficiency of 19.86% with a current density, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor of 23.13 mA/cm^2, 1.120 V, and 76.69%, respectively. Time-resolved photoluminescence, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and the incident phot on to current efficiency (IPCE) an alysis were conducted to understand the factors resp on sible for the improvement in characteristics of the fabricated PSCs.
