AIM To elucidate the mechanism of patchouli alcohol(PA) in treatment of rat models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).METHODS We studied the effects of PA on colonic spontaneous motility using its...AIM To elucidate the mechanism of patchouli alcohol(PA) in treatment of rat models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).METHODS We studied the effects of PA on colonic spontaneous motility using its cumulative log concentration(3 × 10^(-7) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-4)mol/L). We then determined the responses of the proximal and distal colon segments of rats to the folowing stimuli:(1) carbachol(1 × 10^(-9) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-5) mol/L);(2) neurotransmitter antagonists including N~ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(10μmol/L) and(1 R~*, 2 S~*)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(methylamino)-9 Hpurin-9-yl]-2-(phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester tetraammonium salt(1 μmol/L);(3) agonist α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate trisodium salt(100 μmol/L); and(4) single KCl doses(120 mmol/L). The effects of blockers against antagonist responses were also assessed by pretreatment with PA(100 μmol/L) for 1 min. Electrical-field stimulation(40 V, 2-30 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse duration, and 10 s) was performed to observe nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter release in IBS-D rat colon. The ATP level of Kreb's solution was also determined.RESULTS PA exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of the colonic longitudinal smooth muscle, and the half maximal effective concentration(EC_(50)) was 41.9 μmol/L. In comparison with the KCl-treated IBS-D group, the contractile response(mg contractions) in the PA + KCl-treated IBS-D group(11.87 ± 3.34) was significantly decreased in the peak tension(P < 0.01). Compared with CCh-treated IBS-D rat colon, the cholinergic contractile response of IBS-D rat colonic smooth muscle(EC_(50) = 0.94 μmol/L) was significantly decreased by PA(EC_(50) = 37.43 μmol/L)(P < 0.05). Lack of nitrergic neurotransmitter release in stress-induced IBS-D rats showed contraction effects on colonic smooth muscle. Pretreatment with PA resulted in inhibitory effect on l-NAME-induced(10 μmol/L) contraction(P < 0.05). ATP might 展开更多
目的建立基于质量源于生产(quality by production,Qb P)的广藿香质量标志物(Q-Marker),为规范广藿香饮片生产,合理提升广藿香饮片质量提供依据。方法对广藿香饮片生产过程中的质量风险点和饮片质量进行分析,发现饮片加工过程中存在广...目的建立基于质量源于生产(quality by production,Qb P)的广藿香质量标志物(Q-Marker),为规范广藿香饮片生产,合理提升广藿香饮片质量提供依据。方法对广藿香饮片生产过程中的质量风险点和饮片质量进行分析,发现饮片加工过程中存在广藿香叶加入不足的不规范生产现象,致使广藿香饮片质量下降。采用GC法同时测定广藿香饮片中挥发性成分百秋李醇和广藿香酮的含量,利用指纹图谱结合化学计量学对不同比例广藿香叶的样品中差异性成分进行筛选。结果百秋李醇含量与饮片中广藿香叶比例呈显著正相关,可作为控制饮片中广藿香叶比例的关键标志物之一。正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,黄酮类成分对不同广藿香叶比例的饮片样品划分具有显著影响。通过同时测定雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇2种主要黄酮类成分的含量并结合方差分析,结果显示雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇含量在不同广藿香叶比例样品中具有显著性差异(P<0.05),并与广藿香叶比例呈显著性正相关,亦可作为广藿香生产规范性的Q-Marker。考虑饮片加工过程中广藿香叶的损失,以15%广藿香叶比例为标准,建议百秋李醇不低于0.24%,雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇总量不低于0.045%。结论基于Qb P理念,确立百秋李醇、藿香黄酮醇和雷杜辛黄酮醇为广藿香生产规范化Q-Marker,为广藿香质量标准提升和保障饮片质量提供实验依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81573715Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China,No.2015A030313348Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China,No.201510010257
文摘AIM To elucidate the mechanism of patchouli alcohol(PA) in treatment of rat models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D).METHODS We studied the effects of PA on colonic spontaneous motility using its cumulative log concentration(3 × 10^(-7) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-4)mol/L). We then determined the responses of the proximal and distal colon segments of rats to the folowing stimuli:(1) carbachol(1 × 10^(-9) mol/L to 1 × 10^(-5) mol/L);(2) neurotransmitter antagonists including N~ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride(10μmol/L) and(1 R~*, 2 S~*)-4-[2-Iodo-6-(methylamino)-9 Hpurin-9-yl]-2-(phosphonooxy)bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-1-methanol dihydrogen phosphate ester tetraammonium salt(1 μmol/L);(3) agonist α,β-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate trisodium salt(100 μmol/L); and(4) single KCl doses(120 mmol/L). The effects of blockers against antagonist responses were also assessed by pretreatment with PA(100 μmol/L) for 1 min. Electrical-field stimulation(40 V, 2-30 Hz, 0.5 ms pulse duration, and 10 s) was performed to observe nonadrenergic, noncholinergic neurotransmitter release in IBS-D rat colon. The ATP level of Kreb's solution was also determined.RESULTS PA exerted a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of the colonic longitudinal smooth muscle, and the half maximal effective concentration(EC_(50)) was 41.9 μmol/L. In comparison with the KCl-treated IBS-D group, the contractile response(mg contractions) in the PA + KCl-treated IBS-D group(11.87 ± 3.34) was significantly decreased in the peak tension(P < 0.01). Compared with CCh-treated IBS-D rat colon, the cholinergic contractile response of IBS-D rat colonic smooth muscle(EC_(50) = 0.94 μmol/L) was significantly decreased by PA(EC_(50) = 37.43 μmol/L)(P < 0.05). Lack of nitrergic neurotransmitter release in stress-induced IBS-D rats showed contraction effects on colonic smooth muscle. Pretreatment with PA resulted in inhibitory effect on l-NAME-induced(10 μmol/L) contraction(P < 0.05). ATP might
文摘目的建立基于质量源于生产(quality by production,Qb P)的广藿香质量标志物(Q-Marker),为规范广藿香饮片生产,合理提升广藿香饮片质量提供依据。方法对广藿香饮片生产过程中的质量风险点和饮片质量进行分析,发现饮片加工过程中存在广藿香叶加入不足的不规范生产现象,致使广藿香饮片质量下降。采用GC法同时测定广藿香饮片中挥发性成分百秋李醇和广藿香酮的含量,利用指纹图谱结合化学计量学对不同比例广藿香叶的样品中差异性成分进行筛选。结果百秋李醇含量与饮片中广藿香叶比例呈显著正相关,可作为控制饮片中广藿香叶比例的关键标志物之一。正交偏最小二乘-判别分析(OPLS-DA)结果显示,黄酮类成分对不同广藿香叶比例的饮片样品划分具有显著影响。通过同时测定雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇2种主要黄酮类成分的含量并结合方差分析,结果显示雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇含量在不同广藿香叶比例样品中具有显著性差异(P<0.05),并与广藿香叶比例呈显著性正相关,亦可作为广藿香生产规范性的Q-Marker。考虑饮片加工过程中广藿香叶的损失,以15%广藿香叶比例为标准,建议百秋李醇不低于0.24%,雷杜辛黄酮醇和藿香黄酮醇总量不低于0.045%。结论基于Qb P理念,确立百秋李醇、藿香黄酮醇和雷杜辛黄酮醇为广藿香生产规范化Q-Marker,为广藿香质量标准提升和保障饮片质量提供实验依据。
