氮(N)沉降对森林生态系统的结构与功能具有重要的影响,而森林对到达林地的N沉降量及其分配格局的影响尚不清楚。量化了2012—2013年5—10月两个生长季蒙古栎林和杂木林的林内树干径流和穿透雨及其林外大气降雨总氮(TN)、可溶性氮(DN)和...氮(N)沉降对森林生态系统的结构与功能具有重要的影响,而森林对到达林地的N沉降量及其分配格局的影响尚不清楚。量化了2012—2013年5—10月两个生长季蒙古栎林和杂木林的林内树干径流和穿透雨及其林外大气降雨总氮(TN)、可溶性氮(DN)和颗粒态氮(PN)沉降通量的季节动态,旨在比较两种林型对N沉降的再分配格局及其季节变化,分析影响其变异的主要因子。结果表明:林外大气降雨、蒙古栎林林内、杂木林林内(树干径流+穿透雨)TN沉降平均值分别为:8.49、15.97、13.39 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1),其中DN分别占其TN的76.35%、82.79%和75.02%,PN分别占其TN的26.35%、17.21%和24.98%,蒙古栎林和杂木林林内穿透雨TN沉降量分别占其TN的95.5%和94.5%。蒙古栎林和杂木林冠层淋溶TN沉降量分别为7.48kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)和4.90 kg hm^(2)a^(-1);其中,前者的DN高于后者,但PN呈相反趋势。两种林型的N沉降组分具有明显的季节动态:沉降量均集中在生长季中期(6—8月),生长季前期和末期较低。林外降雨量分别与林外大气降雨、蒙古栎林和杂木林林内的树干径流和穿透雨中的TN、DN浓度呈显著负指数函数关系(P<0.001)。连续降雨天数对蒙古栎林、杂木林林内TN、DN浓度的影响表现为连续降雨2 d以内为富集作用,之后为稀释作用。研究表明林冠对大气氮沉降有显著富集作用,其富集强度及时间动态与森林类型和降雨特征有关,建议氮沉降试验应考虑林冠的富集效应。展开更多
Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi...Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）. In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization（including N, phosphorus and potassium）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N（TN）,dissolved N（DN） and particulate N（PN） of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields.展开更多
文摘氮(N)沉降对森林生态系统的结构与功能具有重要的影响,而森林对到达林地的N沉降量及其分配格局的影响尚不清楚。量化了2012—2013年5—10月两个生长季蒙古栎林和杂木林的林内树干径流和穿透雨及其林外大气降雨总氮(TN)、可溶性氮(DN)和颗粒态氮(PN)沉降通量的季节动态,旨在比较两种林型对N沉降的再分配格局及其季节变化,分析影响其变异的主要因子。结果表明:林外大气降雨、蒙古栎林林内、杂木林林内(树干径流+穿透雨)TN沉降平均值分别为:8.49、15.97、13.39 kg hm^(-2)a^(-1),其中DN分别占其TN的76.35%、82.79%和75.02%,PN分别占其TN的26.35%、17.21%和24.98%,蒙古栎林和杂木林林内穿透雨TN沉降量分别占其TN的95.5%和94.5%。蒙古栎林和杂木林冠层淋溶TN沉降量分别为7.48kg hm^(-2)a^(-1)和4.90 kg hm^(2)a^(-1);其中,前者的DN高于后者,但PN呈相反趋势。两种林型的N沉降组分具有明显的季节动态:沉降量均集中在生长季中期(6—8月),生长季前期和末期较低。林外降雨量分别与林外大气降雨、蒙古栎林和杂木林林内的树干径流和穿透雨中的TN、DN浓度呈显著负指数函数关系(P<0.001)。连续降雨天数对蒙古栎林、杂木林林内TN、DN浓度的影响表现为连续降雨2 d以内为富集作用,之后为稀释作用。研究表明林冠对大气氮沉降有显著富集作用,其富集强度及时间动态与森林类型和降雨特征有关,建议氮沉降试验应考虑林冠的富集效应。
基金supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (No. 2012ZX07201003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31570505)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China (No. E201206)the State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment (Harbin Institute of Technology) (No. 2014TS05)
文摘Nitrogen（N） runoff from paddy fields serves as one of the main sources of water pollution. Our aim was to reduce N runoff from paddy fields by fertilizer management and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi（AMF）. In northeast China, Shuangcheng city in Heilongjiang province, a field experiment was conducted, using rice provided with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%,and 100% of the local norm of fertilization（including N, phosphorus and potassium）, with or without inoculation with Glomus mosseae. The volume, concentrations of total N（TN）,dissolved N（DN） and particulate N（PN） of runoff water were measured. We found that the local norm of fertilization led to 18.9 kg/ha of N runoff during rice growing season, with DN accounting for 60%–70%. We also found that reduction in fertilization by 20% cut down TN runoff by 8.2% while AMF inoculation decreased N runoff at each fertilizer level and this effect was inhibited by high fertilization. The combination of inoculation with AMF and 80% of the local norm of fertilization was observed to reduce N runoff by 27.2%. Conclusively, we suggested that the contribution of AMF inoculation combined with decreasing fertilization should get more attention to slow down water eutrophication by reducing N runoff from paddy fields.
