为了解凌云白毫绿茶的主要香气成分,同时探明不同季节凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分差异。通过动态顶空-气相色谱-质谱技术对春、夏、秋3季凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分进行定性定量测定,基于茶样中各香气成分的相对含量,通过偏最小二乘-判别分析(p...为了解凌云白毫绿茶的主要香气成分,同时探明不同季节凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分差异。通过动态顶空-气相色谱-质谱技术对春、夏、秋3季凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分进行定性定量测定,基于茶样中各香气成分的相对含量,通过偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)建立不同季节茶叶判别模型,然后找到对分类起关键作用的香气成分,最后通过绘制热图和层次聚类分析确定各关键香气成分在不同季节凌云白毫绿茶中的分布规律。结果表明,本研究共鉴定出37种化合物,其中醇类和醛类化合物数量较多;凌云白毫绿茶主要香气成分为芳樟醇、正戊醇、香叶醇、L-薄荷醇、异丁醛、异戊醛、壬醛、乙酸乙酯、二甲硫醚、吲哚。建立的PLS-DA模型可以将3个季节的茶样明显区分,且模型可靠;本研究最终鉴定出12种香气成分区分不同季节凌云白毫绿茶的关键化合物,分别为壬醛、β-紫罗兰酮、L-薄荷醇、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反-橙花叔醇、苯甲醇、正戊醇、十三烷、顺式-2-戊烯-1-醇、顺-茉莉酮、十四烷、叶醇。结合热图及12种香气成分的聚类分析,表明L-薄荷醇和β-紫罗兰酮在秋茶中相对含量最高,是凌云白毫秋茶区别于春茶和夏茶的特征香气成分,主要表现为花香、果香、薄荷味;苯甲醇和正戊醇在春茶中相对含量较高,是凌云白毫春茶区别于夏茶和秋茶的特征香气成分,主要表现为果香、杏仁苦味;壬醛、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反-橙花叔醇在夏茶中相对含量最高,是夏茶的特征香气成分,香气主要为柑橘柠檬香、水果甜香。展开更多
Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins carrying an N-terminal targeting peptide （TP） directing them specifically to a correct organelle. However, th...Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins carrying an N-terminal targeting peptide （TP） directing them specifically to a correct organelle. However, there is a group of proteins that are dually targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts using an ambiguous N-terminal dual targeting peptide （dTP）. Here, we have investigated pattern properties of import determinants of organelle-specific TPs and dTPs combining mathematical multivariate data analysis （MVDA） with in vitro organellar import studies. We have used large datasets of mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins found in organellar proteomes as well as manually selected data sets of experimentally confirmed organelle-specific TPs and dTPs from Arabidopsis thaliana. Two classes of organelle-specific TPs could be distinguished by MVDA and potential patterns or periodicity in the amino acid sequence contributing to the separation were revealed, dTPs were found to have intermediate sequence features between the organelle-specific TPs. Interestingly, introducing positively charged residues to the dTPs showed clustering towards the mitochondrial TPs in silico and resulted in inhibition of chloroplast, but not mitochondrial import in in vitro organellar import studies. These findings suggest that positive charges in the N-terminal region of TPs may function as an ＇avoidance signal＇ for the chloroplast import.展开更多
文摘为了解凌云白毫绿茶的主要香气成分,同时探明不同季节凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分差异。通过动态顶空-气相色谱-质谱技术对春、夏、秋3季凌云白毫绿茶的香气成分进行定性定量测定,基于茶样中各香气成分的相对含量,通过偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)建立不同季节茶叶判别模型,然后找到对分类起关键作用的香气成分,最后通过绘制热图和层次聚类分析确定各关键香气成分在不同季节凌云白毫绿茶中的分布规律。结果表明,本研究共鉴定出37种化合物,其中醇类和醛类化合物数量较多;凌云白毫绿茶主要香气成分为芳樟醇、正戊醇、香叶醇、L-薄荷醇、异丁醛、异戊醛、壬醛、乙酸乙酯、二甲硫醚、吲哚。建立的PLS-DA模型可以将3个季节的茶样明显区分,且模型可靠;本研究最终鉴定出12种香气成分区分不同季节凌云白毫绿茶的关键化合物,分别为壬醛、β-紫罗兰酮、L-薄荷醇、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反-橙花叔醇、苯甲醇、正戊醇、十三烷、顺式-2-戊烯-1-醇、顺-茉莉酮、十四烷、叶醇。结合热图及12种香气成分的聚类分析,表明L-薄荷醇和β-紫罗兰酮在秋茶中相对含量最高,是凌云白毫秋茶区别于春茶和夏茶的特征香气成分,主要表现为花香、果香、薄荷味;苯甲醇和正戊醇在春茶中相对含量较高,是凌云白毫春茶区别于夏茶和秋茶的特征香气成分,主要表现为果香、杏仁苦味;壬醛、3,5-辛二烯-2-酮、反-橙花叔醇在夏茶中相对含量最高,是夏茶的特征香气成分,香气主要为柑橘柠檬香、水果甜香。
文摘为探究产香酵母菌对耙豌豆挥发性风味物质的影响,该文用5种酵母(安琪酵母、季也蒙毕赤酵母、酿酒酵母、鲁氏酵母和近平滑假丝酵母)对耙豌豆进行固态发酵5 d。采用电子鼻结合GC-MS对发酵耙豌豆挥发性风味物质进行鉴定分析,通过主成分分析和偏最小二乘-判别分析(partial least square-discriminant analysis,PLS-DA)对不同酵母菌发酵耙豌豆的香气进行差异分析。电子鼻分析表明酵母菌发酵对耙豌豆挥发性风味有影响,酵母发酵耙豌豆与未发酵耙豌豆整体风味差异较大。GC-MS共检测出69种挥发性风味物质,系以醇类和酸类为主,其次为酯类和酮类。5种不同酵母发酵耙豌豆的挥发性香气成分差异显著(P<0.05),假丝酵母发酵耙豌豆样品中的挥发性风味物质种类最丰富,含38种。PLS-DA模型筛选得到12种关键风味物质(VIP>1),主要是异丙醇、异戊醇、2-甲基丁醇和乙酸乙酯等物质,赋予发酵耙豌豆醇香、果香和麦芽香。因此,产香酵母能降低耙豌豆的豆腥味,显著改善耙豌豆的风味。综上,该研究为酵母发酵耙豌豆工业化生产提供数据支持,为开发发酵型耙豌豆产品提供理论基础。
文摘Most of the mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins are synthesized in the cytosol as precursor proteins carrying an N-terminal targeting peptide （TP） directing them specifically to a correct organelle. However, there is a group of proteins that are dually targeted to mitochondria and chloroplasts using an ambiguous N-terminal dual targeting peptide （dTP）. Here, we have investigated pattern properties of import determinants of organelle-specific TPs and dTPs combining mathematical multivariate data analysis （MVDA） with in vitro organellar import studies. We have used large datasets of mitochondrial and chloroplastic proteins found in organellar proteomes as well as manually selected data sets of experimentally confirmed organelle-specific TPs and dTPs from Arabidopsis thaliana. Two classes of organelle-specific TPs could be distinguished by MVDA and potential patterns or periodicity in the amino acid sequence contributing to the separation were revealed, dTPs were found to have intermediate sequence features between the organelle-specific TPs. Interestingly, introducing positively charged residues to the dTPs showed clustering towards the mitochondrial TPs in silico and resulted in inhibition of chloroplast, but not mitochondrial import in in vitro organellar import studies. These findings suggest that positive charges in the N-terminal region of TPs may function as an ＇avoidance signal＇ for the chloroplast import.
