化肥偏生产力(Partial factor productivity,PFP)是反映当地土壤基础养分水平和化肥施用量综合效应的重要指标,肥料施用量对化肥偏生产力会产生影响。本文在对云南省11个州/市13个县/市共212个马铃薯种植农户进行的问卷调查基础上,探讨...化肥偏生产力(Partial factor productivity,PFP)是反映当地土壤基础养分水平和化肥施用量综合效应的重要指标,肥料施用量对化肥偏生产力会产生影响。本文在对云南省11个州/市13个县/市共212个马铃薯种植农户进行的问卷调查基础上,探讨了马铃薯的化肥施用量与化肥偏生产力的关系,并对农户施肥合理性进行了评价。结果表明,云南省马铃薯施氮量为N 30～1 005 kg hm-2,平均285 kg hm-2;施磷量为P2O510.5～735.0 kg hm-2,平均149.1 kg hm-2;施钾量为K2O 7.5～466.5 kg hm-2,平均111.9 kg hm-2。马铃薯化肥偏生产力为82.3 kg kg-1,其中氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力分别为158.7、278.0和416.3 kg kg-1。施氮、磷、钾量与氮、磷、钾肥PFP之间、化肥总量与总化肥偏生产力之间均呈负幂相关,相关系数分别为0.873﹡﹡、0.872﹡﹡、0.801﹡﹡和0.805﹡﹡。分别以N、P2O5、K2O投入量150～250 kg hm-2、45～90kg hm-2和90～120 kg hm-2作为合理施肥范围,马铃薯合理施氮、磷、钾的农户分别占总调查农户的21.6%、30.7%和10.8%。展开更多
基于文献数据,研究了南方不同稻区水稻生长期氧化亚氮排放(N2O排放)、硝态氮或铵态氮淋洗(N淋洗)、硝态氮或铵态氮径流(N径流)、氨挥发(NH3挥发)的差异及其影响因素.结果表明:N2O排放、N淋洗和N径流主要发生在长江流域单季稻区,损失量...基于文献数据,研究了南方不同稻区水稻生长期氧化亚氮排放(N2O排放)、硝态氮或铵态氮淋洗(N淋洗)、硝态氮或铵态氮径流(N径流)、氨挥发(NH3挥发)的差异及其影响因素.结果表明:N2O排放、N淋洗和N径流主要发生在长江流域单季稻区,损失量分别为1.89、6.4和10.4 kg N·hm-2,损失率分别为0.8%、3.8%和5.3%,较高施氮量和稻田土壤干湿交替可能是主要原因;NH3挥发主要发生在华南晚稻,损失量和损失率分别为54.9kg N·hm-2和35.2%,晚稻生长期较高的温度可能是NH3挥发较大的主要原因.田间优化管理措施减少某一途径氮损失的同时可能会增加另一种途径氮素损失,实际生产中应综合考虑田间管理措施对各种活性氮损失的影响,活性氮损失量随着水稻产量水平的提高而增加,主要是因为施氮量也在逐渐增加.随着氮肥偏生产力的增加,N2O排放、N淋洗和N径流损失率逐渐下降,因此,努力减小单位产量的氮损失,是协同提高作物产量和氮肥利用效率的重要途径.展开更多
Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study car...Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for 展开更多
文摘化肥偏生产力(Partial factor productivity,PFP)是反映当地土壤基础养分水平和化肥施用量综合效应的重要指标,肥料施用量对化肥偏生产力会产生影响。本文在对云南省11个州/市13个县/市共212个马铃薯种植农户进行的问卷调查基础上,探讨了马铃薯的化肥施用量与化肥偏生产力的关系,并对农户施肥合理性进行了评价。结果表明,云南省马铃薯施氮量为N 30～1 005 kg hm-2,平均285 kg hm-2;施磷量为P2O510.5～735.0 kg hm-2,平均149.1 kg hm-2;施钾量为K2O 7.5～466.5 kg hm-2,平均111.9 kg hm-2。马铃薯化肥偏生产力为82.3 kg kg-1,其中氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力分别为158.7、278.0和416.3 kg kg-1。施氮、磷、钾量与氮、磷、钾肥PFP之间、化肥总量与总化肥偏生产力之间均呈负幂相关,相关系数分别为0.873﹡﹡、0.872﹡﹡、0.801﹡﹡和0.805﹡﹡。分别以N、P2O5、K2O投入量150～250 kg hm-2、45～90kg hm-2和90～120 kg hm-2作为合理施肥范围,马铃薯合理施氮、磷、钾的农户分别占总调查农户的21.6%、30.7%和10.8%。
文摘基于文献数据,研究了南方不同稻区水稻生长期氧化亚氮排放(N2O排放)、硝态氮或铵态氮淋洗(N淋洗)、硝态氮或铵态氮径流(N径流)、氨挥发(NH3挥发)的差异及其影响因素.结果表明:N2O排放、N淋洗和N径流主要发生在长江流域单季稻区,损失量分别为1.89、6.4和10.4 kg N·hm-2,损失率分别为0.8%、3.8%和5.3%,较高施氮量和稻田土壤干湿交替可能是主要原因;NH3挥发主要发生在华南晚稻,损失量和损失率分别为54.9kg N·hm-2和35.2%,晚稻生长期较高的温度可能是NH3挥发较大的主要原因.田间优化管理措施减少某一途径氮损失的同时可能会增加另一种途径氮素损失,实际生产中应综合考虑田间管理措施对各种活性氮损失的影响,活性氮损失量随着水稻产量水平的提高而增加,主要是因为施氮量也在逐渐增加.随着氮肥偏生产力的增加,N2O排放、N淋洗和N径流损失率逐渐下降,因此,努力减小单位产量的氮损失,是协同提高作物产量和氮肥利用效率的重要途径.
基金supported and funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300105,2017YFD03002 and 2016YFD0300106)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province,China(20326403D)。
文摘Tillage represents an important practice that is used to dynamically regulate soil properties,and affects the grain production process and resource use efficiency of crops.The objectives of this 3-year field study carried out in the Huang-Huai-Hai(HHH) Plain of China were to compare the effects of a new deep vertical rotary tillage (DVRT) with the conventional shallow rotary tillage (CT) on soil properties,winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and water and nitrogen use efficiency at different productivity levels,and to identify a comprehensive management that optimizes both grain yield and resource use efficiency in the HHH Plain.A split-plot design was adopted in field experiments in the winter wheat growing seasons of 2016–2017 (S1),2017–2018 (S2) and 2018–2019 (S3),with DVRT (conducted once in June 2016) and CT performed in the main plots.Subplots were treated with one of four targeted productivity level treatments (SH,the super high productivity level;HH,the high productivity and high efficiency productivity level;FP,the farmer productivity level;ISP,the inherent soil productivity level).The results showed that the soil bulk density was reduced and the soil water content at the anthesis stage was increased in all three years,which were due to the significant effects of DVRT.Compared with CT,grain yields,partial factor productivity of nitrogen (PFP_(N)),and water use efficiency (WUE) under DVRT were increased by 22.0,14.5 and 19.0%.Path analysis and direct correlation decomposition uncovered that grain yield variation of winter wheat was mostly contributed by the spike numbers per area under different tillage modes.General line model analysis revealed that tillage mode played a significant role on grain yield,PFP_(N) and WUE not only as a single factor,but also along with other factors(year and productivity level) in interaction manners.In addition,PFP_(N) and WUE were the highest in HH under DVRT in all three growth seasons.These results provided a theoretical basis and technical support for
