提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。...提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。PDA施肥通内含小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、油菜和烟草6种大田作物专家系统和一个可扩展的专家系统。它能选择不同的作物、不同的地区,根据土壤中养分的N、P、K或微量元素的含量,建立施肥指导方案,有效地解决了作物种植中科学施肥的问题,使肥料利用率大大提高。通过在农村基层的试验表明:PDA施肥通以其推荐施肥方案合理、体积小、便携性好、价廉和操作简便得到广泛使用。展开更多
A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill effluent （POME）. The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d, with organic loading rate （OL...A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill effluent （POME）. The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d, with organic loading rate （OLR） increased from 1.45 to 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. The results showed that the EGSB reactor had good performance in terms of COD removal on the one hand, high COD removal of 91% was obtained at two days＇ of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, and the highest OLR of 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. On the other hand, only 46% COD in raw POME was transformed into biogas in which the methane content was about 70% （V/V）. A 30-d intermittent experiment indicated that the maximum transformation potential of organic matter in raw POME into methane was 56%. Volatile fatty acid （VFA） accumulation was observed in the later operation stage, and this was settled by supplementing trace metal elements. On the whole, the system exhibited good stability in terms of acidity and alkalinity. Finally, the operational problems inherent in the laboratory scale experiment and the corresponding countermeasures were also discussed.展开更多
The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced b...The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800℃. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were： agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable （R^2=0.93） for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm （R^2=0.88）.展开更多
This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a...This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, SEM and EDX. These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have received much concern as emerging high-power energy storage system.Nevertheless,the low conductivity of sulfur and poly sulfide shuttle results in low rate capability and rapid capac...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have received much concern as emerging high-power energy storage system.Nevertheless,the low conductivity of sulfur and poly sulfide shuttle results in low rate capability and rapid capacity decay,which seriously limit its commercial application.Here,facile,sustainable and cost-effective strategy for preparing heteroatom-doped porous activated carbon(PAC)derived from biomass palm kernel shell(PKS)was developed for high-performance LSB applications.The presence of N,P and S heteroatoms with modification of the surface polarity brings about large amounts of active sites and improved adsorption property compared to those of common carbon materials.The PAC sample possesses desirable specific surface area(SSA)(2760 m2·g-1)as well as pore volume(1.6 cm3·g-1).Besides,the good electrical conductivity of PAC endows the material with excellent rate performance.The PAC-S electrode with a 60%of sulfur loading has a desirable first discharge capacity(1045 mAh·g1,200 mA·g-1)with superb discharge capacity(869.8 mAh·g-1,100 th cycle)and cyclability(312.6 mAh·g-1,800 mA·g-1,1000 th cycle),which can be mainly ascribed to its unique porous properties and the good conductivity of PAC.展开更多
A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin （CIP） from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentr...A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin （CIP） from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status （wet and dry）. The equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. The adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. The activation energy, Ea, was found to be 17 kJ/mol, indicating a diffusion-controlled, physical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was found at initial pH 6. The wet adsorbent showed faster removal with higher uptake than the dry adsorbent, with increased performance as temperature increased （25--45℃）. The equilibrium data were found to fit the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is mainly related to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding.展开更多
We build a high-resolution early aftershock catalog for the 2023 SE Türkiye seismic sequence with PALM,a seamless workflow that sequentially performs phase picking,association,location,and matched filter for cont...We build a high-resolution early aftershock catalog for the 2023 SE Türkiye seismic sequence with PALM,a seamless workflow that sequentially performs phase picking,association,location,and matched filter for continuous data.The catalog contains 29,519 well-located events in the two mainshocks rupture region during 2023-02-01–2023-02-28,which significantly improves the detection completeness and relocation precision compared to the public routine catalog.Employing the new PALM catalog,we analyze the structure of the seismogenic fault system.We find that the Eastern Anatolian Fault(EAF)that generated the first M_(W)7.9 mainshock is overall near-vertical,whereas complexities are revealed in a small-scale,such as subparallel subfaults,unmapped branches,and stepovers.The seismicity on EAF is shallow(<15 km)and concentrated in depth distribution,indicating a clear lock-creep transition.In contrast,the SürgüFault(SF)that is responsible for the second M_(W)7.8 mainshock is shovel-shaped for the nucleation segment and has overall low dip angles(~40°–80°).Aftershocks on the SF distribute in a broad range of depth,extending down to~35 km.We also analyze the temporal behavior of seismicity,discovering no immediate foreshocks within~5 days preceding the first mainshock,and no seismic activity on the SF before the second mainshock.展开更多
文摘提出了一种新颖的基于Palm OS的PDA(Personal D ig italA ssistan t,个人数字助理)作物施肥通的设计技术,构建了施肥专家系统的知识表,采用了模块化的编程技术,用C语言编写了基于PDA的作物施肥专家系统程序,并将程序固化在PDA存储器中。PDA施肥通内含小麦、玉米、水稻、棉花、油菜和烟草6种大田作物专家系统和一个可扩展的专家系统。它能选择不同的作物、不同的地区,根据土壤中养分的N、P、K或微量元素的含量,建立施肥指导方案,有效地解决了作物种植中科学施肥的问题,使肥料利用率大大提高。通过在农村基层的试验表明:PDA施肥通以其推荐施肥方案合理、体积小、便携性好、价廉和操作简便得到广泛使用。
文摘A bench-scale expanded granular sludge bed （EGSB） reactor was applied to the treatment of palm oil mill effluent （POME）. The reactor had been operated continuously at 35℃ for 514 d, with organic loading rate （OLR） increased from 1.45 to 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. The results showed that the EGSB reactor had good performance in terms of COD removal on the one hand, high COD removal of 91% was obtained at two days＇ of hydraulic retention time （HRT）, and the highest OLR of 17.5 kg COD/（m^3·d）. On the other hand, only 46% COD in raw POME was transformed into biogas in which the methane content was about 70% （V/V）. A 30-d intermittent experiment indicated that the maximum transformation potential of organic matter in raw POME into methane was 56%. Volatile fatty acid （VFA） accumulation was observed in the later operation stage, and this was settled by supplementing trace metal elements. On the whole, the system exhibited good stability in terms of acidity and alkalinity. Finally, the operational problems inherent in the laboratory scale experiment and the corresponding countermeasures were also discussed.
文摘The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800℃. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were： agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable （R^2=0.93） for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm （R^2=0.88）.
基金Supported financially by Yayasan FELDA, Malaysia (Grant No. 6050075)
文摘This study examined the individual and simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} (SO{in{it2}}) and NO{in{itx}} (NO-NO{in{it2}}) on activated carbon prepared from waste palm shell. The adsorption process was examined in a fixed bed reactor at low temperatures (100\2-300\dgC). For individual adsorption without any catalytic activation, SO{in{itx}} showed good adsorption whereas NO{in{itx}} was very much poor. In the simultaneous adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}}, SO{in{itx}} showed greater adsorption affinity than NO{itx}. For palm shell activated carbon (PSAC) impregnated with metal catalyst (Ni and Ce) the concentration adsorbed profile showed that the amount of SO{in{itx}} adsorbed decreased regularly, while the amount of the adsorbed NO{in{itx}} increased irregularly. The properties of the pure and impregnated PSAC were analyzed by BET, SEM and EDX. These investigations indicated that PSAC impregnated with metal catalyst is the determining factor in the adsorption of SO{in{itx}} and NO{in{itx}} simultaneously.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21671170,21673203,21805136 and 21201010)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20170999)+2 种基金Program for New Century Excellent Talents of the University in China(No.NCET-13-0645)the Six Talent Plan(No.2015-XCL-030)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have received much concern as emerging high-power energy storage system.Nevertheless,the low conductivity of sulfur and poly sulfide shuttle results in low rate capability and rapid capacity decay,which seriously limit its commercial application.Here,facile,sustainable and cost-effective strategy for preparing heteroatom-doped porous activated carbon(PAC)derived from biomass palm kernel shell(PKS)was developed for high-performance LSB applications.The presence of N,P and S heteroatoms with modification of the surface polarity brings about large amounts of active sites and improved adsorption property compared to those of common carbon materials.The PAC sample possesses desirable specific surface area(SSA)(2760 m2·g-1)as well as pore volume(1.6 cm3·g-1).Besides,the good electrical conductivity of PAC endows the material with excellent rate performance.The PAC-S electrode with a 60%of sulfur loading has a desirable first discharge capacity(1045 mAh·g1,200 mA·g-1)with superb discharge capacity(869.8 mAh·g-1,100 th cycle)and cyclability(312.6 mAh·g-1,800 mA·g-1,1000 th cycle),which can be mainly ascribed to its unique porous properties and the good conductivity of PAC.
文摘A chemically prepared carbon was synthesized from date palm leaflets via sulphuric acid carbonization at 160℃. Adsorption of ciprofloxacin （CIP） from aqueous solution was investigated in terms of time, pH, concentration, temperature and adsorbent status （wet and dry）. The equilibrium time was found to be 48 hr. The adsorption rate was enhanced by raising the temperature for both adsorbents, with adsorption data fitting a pseudo second-order model well. The activation energy, Ea, was found to be 17 kJ/mol, indicating a diffusion-controlled, physical adsorption process. The maximum adsorption was found at initial pH 6. The wet adsorbent showed faster removal with higher uptake than the dry adsorbent, with increased performance as temperature increased （25--45℃）. The equilibrium data were found to fit the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process is spontaneous and endothermic. The adsorption mechanism is mainly related to cation exchange and hydrogen bonding.
基金jointly supported by the National Key R&D Program (No.2022YFF0800601)the Istanbul Technical University Research Fund (ITU-BAP)+1 种基金the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation Research Fellowship Award for providing computing facilities through the Humboldt-Stiftung Follow-Up Programthe University of California,Riverside。
文摘We build a high-resolution early aftershock catalog for the 2023 SE Türkiye seismic sequence with PALM,a seamless workflow that sequentially performs phase picking,association,location,and matched filter for continuous data.The catalog contains 29,519 well-located events in the two mainshocks rupture region during 2023-02-01–2023-02-28,which significantly improves the detection completeness and relocation precision compared to the public routine catalog.Employing the new PALM catalog,we analyze the structure of the seismogenic fault system.We find that the Eastern Anatolian Fault(EAF)that generated the first M_(W)7.9 mainshock is overall near-vertical,whereas complexities are revealed in a small-scale,such as subparallel subfaults,unmapped branches,and stepovers.The seismicity on EAF is shallow(<15 km)and concentrated in depth distribution,indicating a clear lock-creep transition.In contrast,the SürgüFault(SF)that is responsible for the second M_(W)7.8 mainshock is shovel-shaped for the nucleation segment and has overall low dip angles(~40°–80°).Aftershocks on the SF distribute in a broad range of depth,extending down to~35 km.We also analyze the temporal behavior of seismicity,discovering no immediate foreshocks within~5 days preceding the first mainshock,and no seismic activity on the SF before the second mainshock.
