城市化、工业化、机动化的高速推进以及大气活性物质的大量排放,使得长江三角洲地区在夏秋季节面临严峻的以高浓度O3为典型特征的光化学污染问题.然而,O3与其前体物之间的高度非线性反应过程使得其来源识别变得十分复杂,因此针对高浓度O...城市化、工业化、机动化的高速推进以及大气活性物质的大量排放,使得长江三角洲地区在夏秋季节面临严峻的以高浓度O3为典型特征的光化学污染问题.然而,O3与其前体物之间的高度非线性反应过程使得其来源识别变得十分复杂,因此针对高浓度O3的控制途径仍不清楚.本文以2013年7月长三角地区发生的一次持续时间长、波及范围广、强度高的高浓度O3污染过程为研究案例,基于CAMx空气质量数值模型中耦合的臭氧来源追踪方法(OSAT),采用物种示踪的方法对长三角3个代表性城市上海、苏州、杭州近地面O3的污染来源开展了模拟研究,探讨了4个源区(上海、浙北、苏南和长距离输送)、7类排放源(工业锅炉和窑炉、生产工艺过程、电厂、生活源、流动源、挥发源和天然源)对上海、苏州和杭州城区地面O3的浓度贡献.研究结果表明:长距离输送以及区域背景产生的O3约在20×10-9~40×10-9(体积分数)之间;加上上海及苏南、浙北地区排放的前体物在长三角城区地区二次生成O3,可使O3上升至40×10-9~100×10-9(体积分数)乃至更高.模拟时段内日间8 h O3浓度的地区贡献分析结果显示,长距离传输对于上海、苏州、杭州的浓度贡献分别为42.79%±10.17%、48.57%±9.97%和60.13%±7.11%;上海城区O3来源中,上海本地污染贡献平均为28.94%±8.49%,浙北地区贡献约19.83%±10.55%;苏州城区O3来源中,苏南地区贡献约26.41%±6.80%;杭州城区O3来源中,浙北地区贡献约29.56%±8.33%.从各受点日最大O3小时浓度贡献来看,长距离传输贡献比例显著下降(35.35%~58.04%),而本地污染贡献上升.区域各类污染源贡献分析结果表明,长三角地区对O3污染贡献最为突出的几类污染源分别是工业锅炉和窑炉(浓度贡献约18.4%~21.11%)、生产工艺过程(19.85%~28.46%)、流动源(21.30%~23.51%)、天然源(13.01%~17.07%)和电厂排放(7.08%~9.75%).研究结果表明,工业燃�展开更多
Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of...Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SIO2=60.24%-77.46%, MGO=0.36%-1.29% （Mg#=0.32-0.40） for the Naozhigou Formation, SIO2=51.60%-59.32%, MGO=3.70%-5.54% （Mg#=0.50-0.60） for the Ergulazi Formation, and SIO2=58.28%-76.32%, MGO=0.07%-1.20% （Mg#=0.14-0.46） for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements （LREEs） and large ion lithophile elements （LILEs）, relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements （HREEs） and high field strength elements （HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti）, and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios （0.7053-0.7083） and low εNd（t） values （-8.38 to -2.43）, and display an EMⅡ trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the展开更多
Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A represe...Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.展开更多
水田重金属污染对粮食生产和人体健康造成严重危害,喀斯特矿区周边土壤受到地质和工矿活动的双重污染,而备受关注。为探讨贵阳市开阳县喀斯特矿区水田土壤重金属污染来源,应用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归(Absolute Principal Component...水田重金属污染对粮食生产和人体健康造成严重危害,喀斯特矿区周边土壤受到地质和工矿活动的双重污染,而备受关注。为探讨贵阳市开阳县喀斯特矿区水田土壤重金属污染来源,应用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归(Absolute Principal Component Score-Multiple Linear Regression,APCS-MLR)与地统计学分析相结合,对水田土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的来源进行解析。结果表明:研究区Hg的变异系数最强(384.56%),其均值(1.51mg/kg)是贵州省土壤背景(0.11 mg/kg)的13.73倍,表现出很高的外源Hg富集;8项重金属均有点位超农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,Cd超的比例最高(47.54%),污染风险最为突出。Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的高值区主要分布于中部,且位置相对一致;Hg的高值区分布于西南部;As的高值区分布于西北部、中部和西南部,具有明显的连续性;Pb的高值区主要分布在西部。各重金属在空间分布上具有一定的相似特征,高值区以点状形式分布,并未出现明显的大范围聚集区域。通过分析最终解析出3个主要污染源,Cd、Cr、Cu和Ni主要受自然源影响,其中Cd的污染来源较为复杂,受人为源的影响也较大;Pb和Zn主要是受工矿业与农业混合源的影响;Hg和As主要受到大气沉降与农业混合源的影响,特别是Hg受到极强的人为活动影响,应引起相关部门的重视,采取措施对其进行污染防治。研究结果可为喀斯特高背景矿区水田重金来源解析、水田土壤重金属综合防控和水稻安全生产提供参考和科学依据。展开更多
文摘城市化、工业化、机动化的高速推进以及大气活性物质的大量排放,使得长江三角洲地区在夏秋季节面临严峻的以高浓度O3为典型特征的光化学污染问题.然而,O3与其前体物之间的高度非线性反应过程使得其来源识别变得十分复杂,因此针对高浓度O3的控制途径仍不清楚.本文以2013年7月长三角地区发生的一次持续时间长、波及范围广、强度高的高浓度O3污染过程为研究案例,基于CAMx空气质量数值模型中耦合的臭氧来源追踪方法(OSAT),采用物种示踪的方法对长三角3个代表性城市上海、苏州、杭州近地面O3的污染来源开展了模拟研究,探讨了4个源区(上海、浙北、苏南和长距离输送)、7类排放源(工业锅炉和窑炉、生产工艺过程、电厂、生活源、流动源、挥发源和天然源)对上海、苏州和杭州城区地面O3的浓度贡献.研究结果表明:长距离输送以及区域背景产生的O3约在20×10-9~40×10-9(体积分数)之间;加上上海及苏南、浙北地区排放的前体物在长三角城区地区二次生成O3,可使O3上升至40×10-9~100×10-9(体积分数)乃至更高.模拟时段内日间8 h O3浓度的地区贡献分析结果显示,长距离传输对于上海、苏州、杭州的浓度贡献分别为42.79%±10.17%、48.57%±9.97%和60.13%±7.11%;上海城区O3来源中,上海本地污染贡献平均为28.94%±8.49%,浙北地区贡献约19.83%±10.55%;苏州城区O3来源中,苏南地区贡献约26.41%±6.80%;杭州城区O3来源中,浙北地区贡献约29.56%±8.33%.从各受点日最大O3小时浓度贡献来看,长距离传输贡献比例显著下降(35.35%~58.04%),而本地污染贡献上升.区域各类污染源贡献分析结果表明,长三角地区对O3污染贡献最为突出的几类污染源分别是工业锅炉和窑炉(浓度贡献约18.4%~21.11%)、生产工艺过程(19.85%~28.46%)、流动源(21.30%~23.51%)、天然源(13.01%~17.07%)和电厂排放(7.08%~9.75%).研究结果表明,工业燃�
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40672038).
文摘Zircon U-Pb ages and geochemical analytical results are presented for the volcanic rocks of the Naozhigou, Ergulazi, and Sidaogou Formations in the Linjiang area, southeastern Jilin Province to constrain the nature of magma source and their tectonic settings. The Naozhigou Formation is composed mainly of andesite and rhyolite and its weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age for 13 zircon grains is 222±1 Ma. The Ergulazi Formation consists of basaltic andesite, basaltic trachyandesite, and andesite, and six grains give a weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age of 131±4 Ma. The Sidaogou Formation consists mainly of trachyandesite and rhyolite, and six zircon grains yield a weighted mean ^206pb/^238U age of 113±4 Ma. The volcanic rocks have SIO2=60.24%-77.46%, MGO=0.36%-1.29% （Mg#=0.32-0.40） for the Naozhigou Formation, SIO2=51.60%-59.32%, MGO=3.70%-5.54% （Mg#=0.50-0.60） for the Ergulazi Formation, and SIO2=58.28%-76.32%, MGO=0.07%-1.20% （Mg#=0.14-0.46） for the Sidaogou Formation. The trace element analytical results indicate that these volcanic rocks are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements （LREEs） and large ion lithophile elements （LILEs）, relative depletion in heavy rare earth elements （HREEs） and high field strength elements （HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti）, and negative Eu anomalies. Compared with the primitive mantle, the Mesozoic volcanic rocks in the Linjiang area have relatively high initial ^87Sr/^86Sr ratios （0.7053-0.7083） and low εNd（t） values （-8.38 to -2.43）, and display an EMⅡ trend. The late Triassic magma for the Naozhigou Formation could be derived from partial melting of a newly accretional crust with the minor involvement of the North China Craton basement and formed under an extensional environment after the collision of the Yangtze Craton and the North China Craton. The Early Cretaceous volcanic rocks for the Ergulazi and Sidaogou Formations could be formed under the tectonic setting of an active continental margin related to the westward subduction of the
基金supported by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No. 2011BAD31B03)the Special Project on Water Pollution Control by the National Science & Technology Pillar Program(Grant No. 2009ZX07104-002)
文摘Non-point-source pollution has become a major threat to the water quality of the Three Gorges Reservoir(TGR);however,nutrient loadings from terrestrial sources are unclear due to a lack of in situ monitoring.A representative small watershed in the central part of the TGR area was selected to monitor the loss of nitrogen(N) and phosphorous(P) continuously along with the runoff from 2007 through 2009 to understand the exact sources and loadings.Results show that the non-point-source nitrogen and phosphorus comes mainly from the storm runoff from residential areas,citrus orchards and sloping croplands,which contributes up to 76% of the loadings in this watershed.Thus,a crucial measure for controlling non-point-source pollution is to intercept storm runoff from the three sources.Paddy fields provide a sink for non-point-source N and P by intercepting the runoff and sediment along with their different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus.The N and P removal efficiency by paddy fields from residential areas is within the range of 56% to 98%.Paddy fields are an important land-use option for reducing the non-point-source loading of N and P in the TGR area.
文摘水田重金属污染对粮食生产和人体健康造成严重危害,喀斯特矿区周边土壤受到地质和工矿活动的双重污染,而备受关注。为探讨贵阳市开阳县喀斯特矿区水田土壤重金属污染来源,应用绝对主成分得分-多元线性回归(Absolute Principal Component Score-Multiple Linear Regression,APCS-MLR)与地统计学分析相结合,对水田土壤中重金属Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni的来源进行解析。结果表明:研究区Hg的变异系数最强(384.56%),其均值(1.51mg/kg)是贵州省土壤背景(0.11 mg/kg)的13.73倍,表现出很高的外源Hg富集;8项重金属均有点位超农用地土壤污染风险筛选值,Cd超的比例最高(47.54%),污染风险最为突出。Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn和Ni的高值区主要分布于中部,且位置相对一致;Hg的高值区分布于西南部;As的高值区分布于西北部、中部和西南部,具有明显的连续性;Pb的高值区主要分布在西部。各重金属在空间分布上具有一定的相似特征,高值区以点状形式分布,并未出现明显的大范围聚集区域。通过分析最终解析出3个主要污染源,Cd、Cr、Cu和Ni主要受自然源影响,其中Cd的污染来源较为复杂,受人为源的影响也较大;Pb和Zn主要是受工矿业与农业混合源的影响;Hg和As主要受到大气沉降与农业混合源的影响,特别是Hg受到极强的人为活动影响,应引起相关部门的重视,采取措施对其进行污染防治。研究结果可为喀斯特高背景矿区水田重金来源解析、水田土壤重金属综合防控和水稻安全生产提供参考和科学依据。
