In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert ...In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.展开更多
A significant fraction of the conventional oil reserves globally is in carbonate formations which contain a substantial amount of residual oil. Since primary and secondary recovery methods fail to yield above 20%-40%o...A significant fraction of the conventional oil reserves globally is in carbonate formations which contain a substantial amount of residual oil. Since primary and secondary recovery methods fail to yield above 20%-40%of original oil in place from these reserves, the need for enhanced oil recovery（EOR） techniques for incremental oil recovery has become imperative. With the challenges presented by the highly heterogeneous carbonate rocks,evaluation of tertiary-stage recovery techniques including chemical EOR（c EOR） has been a high priority for researchers and oil producers. In this review, the latest developments in the surfactant-based c EOR techniques applied in carbonate formations are discussed, contemplating the future direction of existing methodologies. In connection with this, the characteristics of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs are outlined. Detailed discussion on surfactant-led oil recovery mechanisms and related processes, such as wettability alteration, interfacial tension reduction, microemulsion phase behavior, surfactant adsorption and mitigation, and foams and their applications is presented. Laboratory experiments, as well as field study data obtained using several surfactants, are also included.This extensive discussion on the subject aims to help researchers and professionals in the field to understand the current situation and plan future enterprises accordingly.展开更多
China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressivel...China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.展开更多
To investigate the thinning of the whole crust, and the contribution of the upper versus lower crust to the stretching since Cenozoic, we calculated the stretching factor of the northern margin of South China Sea with...To investigate the thinning of the whole crust, and the contribution of the upper versus lower crust to the stretching since Cenozoic, we calculated the stretching factor of the northern margin of South China Sea with data such as whole crustal thickness, depth of Cenozoic sedimentary basement and the horizontal displacement of faults. An isometric line drawing on whole crustal stretching factor is then obtained. Along the seismic Line 1530 in Baiyun sag, we also calculated the stretching factors of the upper and lower crust. The results suggest that the whole crustal thickness decreases seaward while the whole crustal stretching factor increases from shelf to slope. The Moho upwells highest beneath where the crust is thinned most. The value of the whole crustal stretching factor ranges from 1.5 to 6. Two areas were thinned intensely: the center of Yinggehai Basin, and the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The calculation of the upper and lower crustal stretching factors from DSP1530 in Baiyun sag shows that the original crust of Baiyun sag should be thinned before deformation. Its pre-Cenozoic evolution as well as tectonic position during Cenozoic might be responsible for that.展开更多
The homogeneity of low alloy steels continuous casting billet obtained under different technological conditions has been investigated by original position statistic distribution analysis technique. On the basis of sys...The homogeneity of low alloy steels continuous casting billet obtained under different technological conditions has been investigated by original position statistic distribution analysis technique. On the basis of systematic analysis of ten thousands primary optical signals at the corresponding original positions, the quantitative statistic distribution information of each element was obtained. The biggest degrees of segregation of low alloy steel continuous casting billet were calculated accurately according to the quantitative distribution maps of the contents. It was suggested that the weight ratio in a certain content range was used to judge the homogeneity of the materials, and the two models —— the total weight ratio of contents (the degree of statistic homogeneity, H) within the permissive content range (C0±R) and the median value confidence extension ratio (the degree of statistic segregation, S) at 95% of confidence limit of weight ratio —— were put forward. The two models reflect the composition and state distribution regularity of the metal materials in a large region. The difference between the sample with high columnar crystal and the sample with high equiaxed crystal has been studied by using the two models.展开更多
There were quite abundant prototypical ethnic cultures and plant diversity in Qiandongnan （ Southeast of Guizhou） ,where the primitive natural ecology was also perfectly conserved. It was honored by World Native Cul...There were quite abundant prototypical ethnic cultures and plant diversity in Qiandongnan （ Southeast of Guizhou） ,where the primitive natural ecology was also perfectly conserved. It was honored by World Native Culture Fund as One of the Eighteen Ecological and Cultural Conservations in the World. The prototypical ethnic culture of Southeast of Guizhou, as a stable life-style and economic culture type of the local people, came into being in the process of the local minorities＇ communicating, blending and struggling against the natural environment in the long course of history. It could be seen from this research that there were our preliminary research that there are quite abundant resources in Southeast of Guizhou in terms of prototypical ethnic cultures and genetic diversity of glutinous rice. A full reflection of the culture of Glutinous Rice could be seen in the local minority people＇s daily life, production, custom, religious belief, etc. These showed that the formation and great vitality of the genetic diversity of glutinous rice was not only determined by the diversity of local prototypical ethnic cultures but also to its own biotic condition and its adaptation to natural ecology. It was showed that prototypical ethnic cultures had positive impact on the conservation and utilization of Glutinous Rice diversity.展开更多
Original position statistic distribution analysis (OPA) is a new analytical method to de-termine the quantitative distribution of different chemical compositions and their states on a big scope of the materials. A new...Original position statistic distribution analysis (OPA) is a new analytical method to de-termine the quantitative distribution of different chemical compositions and their states on a big scope of the materials. A new quantitative metal original position analyzer, which was invented based on the analysis technology of single discharge analysis (SDA) and a continuous scanning excitement spark spectrum without pre-excitement, can be used effectively to analyze the original position statistic distribution of the metals. Thus, the new information of the materials, such as the quantitative statistic distribution of contents of various elements and inclusions on different posi-tions in the materials, the distribution of the size of the inclusions, can be obtained. The technique can also be applied to the accurate calculation of the segregation of various elements in the mate-rials, as well as the quantitative description of the homogeneity and porosity of the materials. The concept of the original position statistic distribution analysis along with the wide utilization of the metal original position analyzer will provide researchers and scientists a new method to study the inside characteristics and properties of the materials.展开更多
Metro passenger flow control problem is studied under given total inbound demand in this work,which considers passenger demand control and train capacity supply.Relevant connotations are analyzed and a mathematical mo...Metro passenger flow control problem is studied under given total inbound demand in this work,which considers passenger demand control and train capacity supply.Relevant connotations are analyzed and a mathematical model is developed.The decision variables are boarding limiting and stop-skipping strategies and the objective is the maximal passenger profit.And a passenger original station choice model based on utility theory is built to modify the inbound passenger distribution among stations.Algorithm of metro passenger flow control scheme is designed,where two key technologies of stopping-station choice and headway adjustment are given and boarding limiting and train stopping-station scheme are optimized.Finally,a real case of Beijing metro is taken for example to verify validity.The results show that in the three scenarios with different ratios of normal trains to stop-skipping trains,the total limited passenger volume is the smallest and the systematic profit is the largest in scenario 3.展开更多
文摘In this paper, an objective technique for estimating the tropical cyclone （TC） precipitation from station observations is proposed. Based on a comparison between the Original Objective Method （OOM） and the Expert Subjective Method （ESM）, the Objective Synoptic Analysis Technique （OSAT） for partitioning TC precipitation was developed by analyzing the western North Pacific （WNP） TC historical track and the daily precipitation datasets. Being an objective way of the ESM, OSAT overcomes the main problems in OOM, by changing two fixed parameters in OOM, the thresholds for the distance of the absolute TC precipitation （D0） and the TC size （D1）, into variable parameters.Case verification for OSAT was also carried out by applying CMORPH （Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique） daily precipitation measurements, which is NOAA＇s combined satellite precipitation measurement system. This indicates that OSAT is capable of distinguishing simultaneous TC precipitation rain-belts from those associated with different TCs or with middle-latitude weather systems.
文摘A significant fraction of the conventional oil reserves globally is in carbonate formations which contain a substantial amount of residual oil. Since primary and secondary recovery methods fail to yield above 20%-40%of original oil in place from these reserves, the need for enhanced oil recovery（EOR） techniques for incremental oil recovery has become imperative. With the challenges presented by the highly heterogeneous carbonate rocks,evaluation of tertiary-stage recovery techniques including chemical EOR（c EOR） has been a high priority for researchers and oil producers. In this review, the latest developments in the surfactant-based c EOR techniques applied in carbonate formations are discussed, contemplating the future direction of existing methodologies. In connection with this, the characteristics of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs are outlined. Detailed discussion on surfactant-led oil recovery mechanisms and related processes, such as wettability alteration, interfacial tension reduction, microemulsion phase behavior, surfactant adsorption and mitigation, and foams and their applications is presented. Laboratory experiments, as well as field study data obtained using several surfactants, are also included.This extensive discussion on the subject aims to help researchers and professionals in the field to understand the current situation and plan future enterprises accordingly.
基金supported partly by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities(No.06500203 and No.00007735).
文摘China is currently vigorously implementing the“energy conservation and emission reduction”and“dual carbon”strategies.As the most resource-advantaged light metal material in China,Magnesium(Mg)alloy is progressively expanding its application in automobile,rail transportation,aerospace,medical,and electronic products.Chongqing University,Shanghai Jiaotong University,and Australian National University have conducted extensive research on the preparation,properties,and processes of Mg alloys.In the past 20 years,the proportion of Mg alloy in the automotive industry has gradually expanded,whereas currently the design and development of Mg alloy parts for automobiles has rarely been reported.Thus,the application models and typical parts cases of Mg alloy are summarized mainly from the four systems of the whole vehicle(body system,chassis system,powertrain system,interior,and exterior system).Subsequently,two actual original equipment manufacturers(OEM)cases are used to introduce the development logic of reliable die-cast Mg alloy,including forward design,formability analysis,process design analysis,structural redesign,manufacturing,and testing,aiming to share the methods,processes,and focus of attention of automotive OEMs for developing Mg alloy parts to enhance the confidence and motivation of applying Mg alloy in automotive field.Eventually,the multiple challenges faced by Mg alloy materials are sorted out and how to face these challenges are discussed.National policies and regulations,environmental protection and energy saving,and consumer demand will continue to promote the application of Mg.
基金the Key Innovative Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX3-SW-234-3)the Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB411704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40406012 and 40576027)
文摘To investigate the thinning of the whole crust, and the contribution of the upper versus lower crust to the stretching since Cenozoic, we calculated the stretching factor of the northern margin of South China Sea with data such as whole crustal thickness, depth of Cenozoic sedimentary basement and the horizontal displacement of faults. An isometric line drawing on whole crustal stretching factor is then obtained. Along the seismic Line 1530 in Baiyun sag, we also calculated the stretching factors of the upper and lower crust. The results suggest that the whole crustal thickness decreases seaward while the whole crustal stretching factor increases from shelf to slope. The Moho upwells highest beneath where the crust is thinned most. The value of the whole crustal stretching factor ranges from 1.5 to 6. Two areas were thinned intensely: the center of Yinggehai Basin, and the Baiyun sag in the Pearl River Mouth Basin. The calculation of the upper and lower crustal stretching factors from DSP1530 in Baiyun sag shows that the original crust of Baiyun sag should be thinned before deformation. Its pre-Cenozoic evolution as well as tectonic position during Cenozoic might be responsible for that.
文摘The homogeneity of low alloy steels continuous casting billet obtained under different technological conditions has been investigated by original position statistic distribution analysis technique. On the basis of systematic analysis of ten thousands primary optical signals at the corresponding original positions, the quantitative statistic distribution information of each element was obtained. The biggest degrees of segregation of low alloy steel continuous casting billet were calculated accurately according to the quantitative distribution maps of the contents. It was suggested that the weight ratio in a certain content range was used to judge the homogeneity of the materials, and the two models —— the total weight ratio of contents (the degree of statistic homogeneity, H) within the permissive content range (C0±R) and the median value confidence extension ratio (the degree of statistic segregation, S) at 95% of confidence limit of weight ratio —— were put forward. The two models reflect the composition and state distribution regularity of the metal materials in a large region. The difference between the sample with high columnar crystal and the sample with high equiaxed crystal has been studied by using the two models.
基金Supported by Natural Scientific Research Fund of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education (2007085)the Bidding Notices Fund of Aboriginal Ethnic Culture Study Center of Kaili University(YST200903 )Key Subject Fund of Botany of Kaili University(Z0603)~~
文摘There were quite abundant prototypical ethnic cultures and plant diversity in Qiandongnan （ Southeast of Guizhou） ,where the primitive natural ecology was also perfectly conserved. It was honored by World Native Culture Fund as One of the Eighteen Ecological and Cultural Conservations in the World. The prototypical ethnic culture of Southeast of Guizhou, as a stable life-style and economic culture type of the local people, came into being in the process of the local minorities＇ communicating, blending and struggling against the natural environment in the long course of history. It could be seen from this research that there were our preliminary research that there are quite abundant resources in Southeast of Guizhou in terms of prototypical ethnic cultures and genetic diversity of glutinous rice. A full reflection of the culture of Glutinous Rice could be seen in the local minority people＇s daily life, production, custom, religious belief, etc. These showed that the formation and great vitality of the genetic diversity of glutinous rice was not only determined by the diversity of local prototypical ethnic cultures but also to its own biotic condition and its adaptation to natural ecology. It was showed that prototypical ethnic cultures had positive impact on the conservation and utilization of Glutinous Rice diversity.
文摘Original position statistic distribution analysis (OPA) is a new analytical method to de-termine the quantitative distribution of different chemical compositions and their states on a big scope of the materials. A new quantitative metal original position analyzer, which was invented based on the analysis technology of single discharge analysis (SDA) and a continuous scanning excitement spark spectrum without pre-excitement, can be used effectively to analyze the original position statistic distribution of the metals. Thus, the new information of the materials, such as the quantitative statistic distribution of contents of various elements and inclusions on different posi-tions in the materials, the distribution of the size of the inclusions, can be obtained. The technique can also be applied to the accurate calculation of the segregation of various elements in the mate-rials, as well as the quantitative description of the homogeneity and porosity of the materials. The concept of the original position statistic distribution analysis along with the wide utilization of the metal original position analyzer will provide researchers and scientists a new method to study the inside characteristics and properties of the materials.
基金Projects(RCS2015ZZ002,RCS2014ZT25)supported by State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control&Safety,ChinaProject(2015RC058)supported by Beijing Jiaotong University,China
文摘Metro passenger flow control problem is studied under given total inbound demand in this work,which considers passenger demand control and train capacity supply.Relevant connotations are analyzed and a mathematical model is developed.The decision variables are boarding limiting and stop-skipping strategies and the objective is the maximal passenger profit.And a passenger original station choice model based on utility theory is built to modify the inbound passenger distribution among stations.Algorithm of metro passenger flow control scheme is designed,where two key technologies of stopping-station choice and headway adjustment are given and boarding limiting and train stopping-station scheme are optimized.Finally,a real case of Beijing metro is taken for example to verify validity.The results show that in the three scenarios with different ratios of normal trains to stop-skipping trains,the total limited passenger volume is the smallest and the systematic profit is the largest in scenario 3.
