This paper focuses on the day-ahead allocation of operation reserve considering wind power prediction error and network transmission constraints in a composite power system.A two-level model that solves the allocation...This paper focuses on the day-ahead allocation of operation reserve considering wind power prediction error and network transmission constraints in a composite power system.A two-level model that solves the allocation problem is presented.The upper model allocates operation reserve among subsystems from the economic point of view.In the upper model,transmission constraints of tielines are formulated to represent limited reserve support from the neighboring system due to wind power fluctuation.The lower model evaluates the system on the reserve schedule from the reliability point of view.In the lower model,the reliability evaluation of composite power system is performed by using Monte Carlo simulation in a multi-area system.Wind power prediction errors and tieline constraints are incorporated.The reserve requirements in the upper model are iteratively adjusted by the resulting reliability indices from the lowermodel.Thus,the reserve allocation is gradually optimized until the system achieves the balance between reliability and economy.A modified two-area reliability test system (RTS) is analyzed to demonstrate the validity of the method.展开更多
Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The...Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51277141)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2011AA05A103)
文摘This paper focuses on the day-ahead allocation of operation reserve considering wind power prediction error and network transmission constraints in a composite power system.A two-level model that solves the allocation problem is presented.The upper model allocates operation reserve among subsystems from the economic point of view.In the upper model,transmission constraints of tielines are formulated to represent limited reserve support from the neighboring system due to wind power fluctuation.The lower model evaluates the system on the reserve schedule from the reliability point of view.In the lower model,the reliability evaluation of composite power system is performed by using Monte Carlo simulation in a multi-area system.Wind power prediction errors and tieline constraints are incorporated.The reserve requirements in the upper model are iteratively adjusted by the resulting reliability indices from the lowermodel.Thus,the reserve allocation is gradually optimized until the system achieves the balance between reliability and economy.A modified two-area reliability test system (RTS) is analyzed to demonstrate the validity of the method.
基金Supported by the Program of China Huaneng Group: Comprehensive Scientific Research on the Haba Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province~~
文摘Using research approaches such as questionnaire investigation, interview, and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PAR), the relationship between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities was studied. The results showed that there are lots of conflicts between Haba Snow Mountain Nature Reserve and peripheral communities. On the one hand, conservation of natural environment brings inconvenience to the development of peripheral communities, such as limiting the use of resources, constraining space of development, resulting in economic losses, reducing tourist income, and low compensation. On the other hand, peripheral communities' development threats conservation of the natural environment, for instance, illegal deforestation, illegal mining, over-harvesting, over-grazing and non-ecotourism. Therefore, effective suggestions were given as "scientific planning of functional areas, enhancing economic compensation, devoting more in ecotourism development, and realizing the cooperation of communities".
