In this paper,the hydrodynamically generated noise by the flow over an open cavity is studied.First,aeroacoustic theories and computational aeroacoustic(CAA) methodologies are reviewed in light of hydrodynamic acousti...In this paper,the hydrodynamically generated noise by the flow over an open cavity is studied.First,aeroacoustic theories and computational aeroacoustic(CAA) methodologies are reviewed in light of hydrodynamic acoustics,based on which,a hybrid method is presented.In the coupling procedure,the unsteady cavity flow field is computed using large-eddy simulation(LES) ,while the radiated sound is calculated by the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) acoustic analogy with acoustic source terms extracted from the time-dependent solutions of the unsteady flow.The hybrid LES-FW-H acoustic analogy method is tested with an open cavity flow at Mach number of 0.006 and Reynolds number of 105 .Following the reflection theorem of Powell,the contributions from different source terms are quantified,and the terms involving wall-pressure fluctuations are found to account for most of the radiated intensity.The radiation field is investigated in the frequency domain.For the longitudinal direction,the sound propagates with a dominant radiation downstream the cavity in the near-field and a flatter directivity in the far-field,while for the spanwise direction,the acoustic waves have a similar propagation along+z and-z directions,with no visible directivity.展开更多
Heat exchangers are utilized extensively in different industries and technologies.Consequently,optimizing heat exchangers has been a major concern among researchers.Although various studies have been conducted to impr...Heat exchangers are utilized extensively in different industries and technologies.Consequently,optimizing heat exchangers has been a major concern among researchers.Although various studies have been conducted to improve the heat transfer rate,the use of a wavy wall in the presence of different types of heat transfer mechanisms has not been investigated.This study thus investigates the mixed heat transmission behavior of fluid in a horizontal channel with a cavity and a hot,wavy wall.The fluid flow in the channel is considered laminar,and the governing equations including continuity,momentum,and energy are all solved numerically.The numerical solution is stabilized by using a first-order multi-dimensional characteristic-based scheme in combination with a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method.The flow and heat transfer effects of varying Richardson numbers,Reynolds numbers,wave amplitude,wavelength,channel height,and cavity width are examined.The results indicate that the mean Nusselt number increases with an increase in Reynolds number,wave amplitude,and cavity width,while it decreases with an increase in Richardson number,wavelength,and channel height.The minimum Nusselt number is calculated to be 0.7,whereas the maximum Nusselt number is 27.09.The Nusselt number has only increased by 40%in the higher depths of the cavity,despite the Richardson number being 10,000 times larger.But this figure increases to 130%at lower depths.The mean Nusselt number is thus significantly influenced by channel height and cavity width.The influence of wave amplitude on the mean Nusselt number is twice that of wavelength.展开更多
超声速条件下内埋式弹舱通常存在明显的自持振荡现象并产生强烈的气动噪声。分别利用分离涡模拟(DES)方法和求解非线性脉动方程组的非线性声学方法,对来流马赫数为2.0条件下,长度与深度比为5.88的开式空腔进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明...超声速条件下内埋式弹舱通常存在明显的自持振荡现象并产生强烈的气动噪声。分别利用分离涡模拟(DES)方法和求解非线性脉动方程组的非线性声学方法,对来流马赫数为2.0条件下,长度与深度比为5.88的开式空腔进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,非线性声学方法得到的各模态声压级量级与实验结果符合较好,而DES方法得到的结果偏小,幅值在5 d B左右;DES方法求得的各模态频率与实验吻合较好,而非线性声学方法求得的频率有一定偏差。产生这些差别的原因是DES方法能较为准确地捕捉噪声源,而非线性声学方法由于耗散小而能较好地模拟噪声传播过程。从两种方法所需的计算资源对比表明:DES方法要求较密的网格和较小的时间步,需要耗费较多的计算资源;非线性声学方法采用人工合成湍流的方法来模拟小尺度脉动,可以选择较粗的网格和较大的时间步从而节约计算资源。展开更多
A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used ...A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used for theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation to analyze the stability of cap rock.Acoustic emission techniques were also adopted to carry outlong term real time rupture monitoring in cap rock.Therefore,a complete safety evaluation system for the cap rock was establishedto ensure safe operation of subsequent blasting processes.The ideal way of eliminating collapse hazard of such cavity is cap rockcaving through deep-hole blasting,thus,two deep-hole blasting schemes named as vertical deep-hole blasting scheme and one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme were proposed.The vertical deep-hole blasting scheme has moreexplosive consumption,but the relatively simple blasting net work structure can greatly reduce workloads.However,the one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme can obviously reduce explosive consumption,but the higher technicalrequirements on drilling,explosive charging and blasting network will increase workloads.展开更多
Presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions inside and near the cavity.For cylindrical cavity flow,the diameter-to-depth ratio is the dominant factor.In this study,flow is naturally de...Presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions inside and near the cavity.For cylindrical cavity flow,the diameter-to-depth ratio is the dominant factor.In this study,flow is naturally developed along a flat plate with two different lengths,resulting in different incoming boundary layer thicknesses ahead of the cavity.The effect of Reynolds number based on incoming boundary layer thickness on characteristics of mean and fluctuating pressure distributions is addressed.Pressure sensitive paint was also used to visualize the mean surface pressure patterns.The effect of Reynolds number on the classification of compressible cylindrical cavity flow and self-sustained oscillating frequency is not significant.An increase in Reynolds number results in a reduction in the value of differential pressure or momentum flux near the rear edge.展开更多
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China("863"Program,No.2006AA09A312)National NaturalScience Foundation of China(No.50705063)
文摘In this paper,the hydrodynamically generated noise by the flow over an open cavity is studied.First,aeroacoustic theories and computational aeroacoustic(CAA) methodologies are reviewed in light of hydrodynamic acoustics,based on which,a hybrid method is presented.In the coupling procedure,the unsteady cavity flow field is computed using large-eddy simulation(LES) ,while the radiated sound is calculated by the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) acoustic analogy with acoustic source terms extracted from the time-dependent solutions of the unsteady flow.The hybrid LES-FW-H acoustic analogy method is tested with an open cavity flow at Mach number of 0.006 and Reynolds number of 105 .Following the reflection theorem of Powell,the contributions from different source terms are quantified,and the terms involving wall-pressure fluctuations are found to account for most of the radiated intensity.The radiation field is investigated in the frequency domain.For the longitudinal direction,the sound propagates with a dominant radiation downstream the cavity in the near-field and a flatter directivity in the far-field,while for the spanwise direction,the acoustic waves have a similar propagation along+z and-z directions,with no visible directivity.
文摘Heat exchangers are utilized extensively in different industries and technologies.Consequently,optimizing heat exchangers has been a major concern among researchers.Although various studies have been conducted to improve the heat transfer rate,the use of a wavy wall in the presence of different types of heat transfer mechanisms has not been investigated.This study thus investigates the mixed heat transmission behavior of fluid in a horizontal channel with a cavity and a hot,wavy wall.The fluid flow in the channel is considered laminar,and the governing equations including continuity,momentum,and energy are all solved numerically.The numerical solution is stabilized by using a first-order multi-dimensional characteristic-based scheme in combination with a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method.The flow and heat transfer effects of varying Richardson numbers,Reynolds numbers,wave amplitude,wavelength,channel height,and cavity width are examined.The results indicate that the mean Nusselt number increases with an increase in Reynolds number,wave amplitude,and cavity width,while it decreases with an increase in Richardson number,wavelength,and channel height.The minimum Nusselt number is calculated to be 0.7,whereas the maximum Nusselt number is 27.09.The Nusselt number has only increased by 40%in the higher depths of the cavity,despite the Richardson number being 10,000 times larger.But this figure increases to 130%at lower depths.The mean Nusselt number is thus significantly influenced by channel height and cavity width.The influence of wave amplitude on the mean Nusselt number is twice that of wavelength.
文摘超声速条件下内埋式弹舱通常存在明显的自持振荡现象并产生强烈的气动噪声。分别利用分离涡模拟(DES)方法和求解非线性脉动方程组的非线性声学方法,对来流马赫数为2.0条件下,长度与深度比为5.88的开式空腔进行了数值模拟。计算结果表明,非线性声学方法得到的各模态声压级量级与实验结果符合较好,而DES方法得到的结果偏小,幅值在5 d B左右;DES方法求得的各模态频率与实验吻合较好,而非线性声学方法求得的频率有一定偏差。产生这些差别的原因是DES方法能较为准确地捕捉噪声源,而非线性声学方法由于耗散小而能较好地模拟噪声传播过程。从两种方法所需的计算资源对比表明:DES方法要求较密的网格和较小的时间步,需要耗费较多的计算资源;非线性声学方法采用人工合成湍流的方法来模拟小尺度脉动,可以选择较粗的网格和较大的时间步从而节约计算资源。
基金Projects(51204206,41272304,41372278) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘A laser technique based scanning system was employed to make a comprehensive scanning through borehole forunmapped cavity under open pit bench,then the three-dimensional data will be obtained,and these data were used for theoreticalanalysis and numerical simulation to analyze the stability of cap rock.Acoustic emission techniques were also adopted to carry outlong term real time rupture monitoring in cap rock.Therefore,a complete safety evaluation system for the cap rock was establishedto ensure safe operation of subsequent blasting processes.The ideal way of eliminating collapse hazard of such cavity is cap rockcaving through deep-hole blasting,thus,two deep-hole blasting schemes named as vertical deep-hole blasting scheme and one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme were proposed.The vertical deep-hole blasting scheme has moreexplosive consumption,but the relatively simple blasting net work structure can greatly reduce workloads.However,the one-timeraise driving integrated with deep-hole bench blasting scheme can obviously reduce explosive consumption,but the higher technicalrequirements on drilling,explosive charging and blasting network will increase workloads.
基金financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,China(MOST 1032923-E-006-006-MY3).
文摘Presence of a cavity changes the mean and fluctuating pressure distributions inside and near the cavity.For cylindrical cavity flow,the diameter-to-depth ratio is the dominant factor.In this study,flow is naturally developed along a flat plate with two different lengths,resulting in different incoming boundary layer thicknesses ahead of the cavity.The effect of Reynolds number based on incoming boundary layer thickness on characteristics of mean and fluctuating pressure distributions is addressed.Pressure sensitive paint was also used to visualize the mean surface pressure patterns.The effect of Reynolds number on the classification of compressible cylindrical cavity flow and self-sustained oscillating frequency is not significant.An increase in Reynolds number results in a reduction in the value of differential pressure or momentum flux near the rear edge.
