为探究杂交后代果实与亲本之间的遗传变异并对杂交后代进行综合评价,选择7个具有发展前景的‘玉露香’和‘新世纪’梨杂交F1代(7-93、8-44、8-176、9-188、9-193、10-101、10-173),以母本‘玉露香’和畅销的‘秋月’品种为对照,测定果...为探究杂交后代果实与亲本之间的遗传变异并对杂交后代进行综合评价,选择7个具有发展前景的‘玉露香’和‘新世纪’梨杂交F1代(7-93、8-44、8-176、9-188、9-193、10-101、10-173),以母本‘玉露香’和畅销的‘秋月’品种为对照,测定果实单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、VC及香气成分等品质指标,同时利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)对不同品种香气进行差异性评价。结果表明,7个梨杂交F1代的果实品质存在显著差异,其中8-44果形指数等于1,且可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高;7个梨果实以及‘玉露香’‘秋月’中共含有83种挥发性成分,其中10-173和8-44的挥发性成分总量最高,10-173和10-101的挥发性物质总数最多;梨的主要挥发性成分为醇类、酯类和醛类化合物;OPLS-DA结果表明,10-101和10-173的挥发性成分组成显著区别于其余株系,其中10-101与乙酸乙酯和乙酸己酯呈显著正相关,10-173与辛酸乙酯、α-法尼烯、反-2-己烯醛呈显著正相关,同时其含量显著高于其他株系,从而使得风味更加突出。根据变量重要性投影预测出各个品种间产生差异的42个香气标记物,香气活性值分析找出了呈现各自特征气味的关键香气,相关性分析找出梨品质性状与特征香气之间的联系。根据主成分分析结果计算得分并排序,8-44、10-173、10-101综合排名最高,果实品质较好。综上所述,8-44、10-101和10-173可作为7个梨种质资源中具有潜力的梨株系,为梨新品种选育和推广提供数据参考。展开更多
In order to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Hainan black goats and hybrid offsprings of Nubian Black Goat and Hainan Black Goat, six 7-month-old Hainan black goats and six hybrid offsprings were ...In order to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Hainan black goats and hybrid offsprings of Nubian Black Goat and Hainan Black Goat, six 7-month-old Hainan black goats and six hybrid offsprings were selected to determine slaughter performance and muscle quality. The results showed that hybridization of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat significantly improved the production performance and slaughter performance of hybrid offsprings (P>0.05). The meat quality of F1 hybrid black goat had no significant difference with that of Hainan black goat except for the hardness and elasticity (P<0.05). Therefore, the crossbred progenies of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat have advantages in meat yield and meat performance, and the main meat quality indexes are not significantly different, which meets the market requirements for high-yield and high-quality hybrid combinations, and can be used for cross promotion.展开更多
The importance of trans-generational effects in shaping an individuals＇ phenotype and fitness, and consequently even impacting population dynamics is increasingly apparent. Most of the research on trans-generational ...The importance of trans-generational effects in shaping an individuals＇ phenotype and fitness, and consequently even impacting population dynamics is increasingly apparent. Most of the research on trans-generational effects still focuses on plants, mammals, and birds. In the past few years, however, increasing number of studies, especially on maternal effects, have highlighted their im- portance also in many insect systems. Lepidoptera, specifically butterflies, have been used as model systems for studying the role of phenotypic plasticity within generations. As ectotherms, they are highly sensitive to environmental variation, and indeed many butterflies show adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. Here, we synthesize what is known about trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera, compile evidence for different environmental cues that are important drivers of trans-generational effects, and point out which offspring traits are mainly impacted. Finally, we emphasize directions for future research that are needed for better understanding of the adaptive nature of trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera in particular, but potentially also in other organisms.展开更多
文摘为探究杂交后代果实与亲本之间的遗传变异并对杂交后代进行综合评价,选择7个具有发展前景的‘玉露香’和‘新世纪’梨杂交F1代(7-93、8-44、8-176、9-188、9-193、10-101、10-173),以母本‘玉露香’和畅销的‘秋月’品种为对照,测定果实单果质量、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、糖酸比、VC及香气成分等品质指标,同时利用正交偏最小二乘判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discrimination analysis,OPLS-DA)对不同品种香气进行差异性评价。结果表明,7个梨杂交F1代的果实品质存在显著差异,其中8-44果形指数等于1,且可溶性固形物和可溶性糖含量最高;7个梨果实以及‘玉露香’‘秋月’中共含有83种挥发性成分,其中10-173和8-44的挥发性成分总量最高,10-173和10-101的挥发性物质总数最多;梨的主要挥发性成分为醇类、酯类和醛类化合物;OPLS-DA结果表明,10-101和10-173的挥发性成分组成显著区别于其余株系,其中10-101与乙酸乙酯和乙酸己酯呈显著正相关,10-173与辛酸乙酯、α-法尼烯、反-2-己烯醛呈显著正相关,同时其含量显著高于其他株系,从而使得风味更加突出。根据变量重要性投影预测出各个品种间产生差异的42个香气标记物,香气活性值分析找出了呈现各自特征气味的关键香气,相关性分析找出梨品质性状与特征香气之间的联系。根据主成分分析结果计算得分并排序,8-44、10-173、10-101综合排名最高,果实品质较好。综上所述,8-44、10-101和10-173可作为7个梨种质资源中具有潜力的梨株系,为梨新品种选育和推广提供数据参考。
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Program of Hainan Province(ZDKJ2016017-01)Youth Science and Technology Talents Innovation Project of Hainan Association for Science and Technology(QCXM201802)
文摘In order to compare the slaughter performance and meat quality of Hainan black goats and hybrid offsprings of Nubian Black Goat and Hainan Black Goat, six 7-month-old Hainan black goats and six hybrid offsprings were selected to determine slaughter performance and muscle quality. The results showed that hybridization of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat significantly improved the production performance and slaughter performance of hybrid offsprings (P>0.05). The meat quality of F1 hybrid black goat had no significant difference with that of Hainan black goat except for the hardness and elasticity (P<0.05). Therefore, the crossbred progenies of Nubian black goat and Hainan black goat have advantages in meat yield and meat performance, and the main meat quality indexes are not significantly different, which meets the market requirements for high-yield and high-quality hybrid combinations, and can be used for cross promotion.
文摘The importance of trans-generational effects in shaping an individuals＇ phenotype and fitness, and consequently even impacting population dynamics is increasingly apparent. Most of the research on trans-generational effects still focuses on plants, mammals, and birds. In the past few years, however, increasing number of studies, especially on maternal effects, have highlighted their im- portance also in many insect systems. Lepidoptera, specifically butterflies, have been used as model systems for studying the role of phenotypic plasticity within generations. As ectotherms, they are highly sensitive to environmental variation, and indeed many butterflies show adaptive phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental conditions. Here, we synthesize what is known about trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera, compile evidence for different environmental cues that are important drivers of trans-generational effects, and point out which offspring traits are mainly impacted. Finally, we emphasize directions for future research that are needed for better understanding of the adaptive nature of trans-generational effects in Lepidoptera in particular, but potentially also in other organisms.
