Let G be a graph. G is singular if and only if the adjacency matrix of graph G is singular. The adjacency matrix of graph G is singular if and only if there is at least one zero eigenvalue. The study of the singularit...Let G be a graph. G is singular if and only if the adjacency matrix of graph G is singular. The adjacency matrix of graph G is singular if and only if there is at least one zero eigenvalue. The study of the singularity of graphs is of great significance for better characterizing the properties of graphs. The following definitions are given. There are 4 paths, the starting points of the four paths are bonded into one point, and the ending point of each path is bonded to a cycle respectively, so this graph is called a kind of quadcyclic peacock graph. And in this kind of quadcyclic peacock graph assuming the number of points on the four cycles is a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, and the number of points on the four paths is s<sub>1</sub>, s<sub>2</sub>, s<sub>3</sub>, s<sub>4</sub>, respectively. This type of graph is denoted by γ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, s<sub>1</sub>, s<sub>2</sub>, s<sub>3</sub>, s<sub>4</sub>), called γ graph. And let γ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, 1, 1, 1, 1) = δ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>), this type four cycles peacock graph called δ graph. In this paper, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the singularity of γ graph and δ graph.展开更多
The nullity of a graph G is defined to be the multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in its spectrum. In this paper we characterize the unicyclic graphs with nullity one in aspect of its graphical construction.
Let G be a finite simple graph and A(G)be its adjacency matrix.Then G is singular if A(G)is singular.The graph obtained by bonding the starting ver-tices and ending vertices of three paths Pa1,Pa2,Pa3 is calledθ-grap...Let G be a finite simple graph and A(G)be its adjacency matrix.Then G is singular if A(G)is singular.The graph obtained by bonding the starting ver-tices and ending vertices of three paths Pa1,Pa2,Pa3 is calledθ-graph,represented byθ(a1,a2,a3).The graph obtained by bonding the two end vertices of the path Ps to the vertices of theθ(a1,a2,a3)andθ(b1,b2,b3)of degree three,respectively,is denoted byα(a1,a2,a3,s,b1,b2,b3)and calledα-graph.β-graph is denoted whenβ(a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3)=α(a1,a2,a3,1,b1,b2,b3).In this paper,we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the singularity ofα-graph andβ-graph,and prove that the probability that a random givenα-graph andβ-graph is a singular graph is equal to 14232048 and 733/1024,respectively.展开更多
Tang and Zhang(2020)and Choe and Hoppe(2018)showed independently that one can produce minimal submanifolds in spheres via the Clifford type minimal product of minimal submanifolds.In this paper,we show that the minima...Tang and Zhang(2020)and Choe and Hoppe(2018)showed independently that one can produce minimal submanifolds in spheres via the Clifford type minimal product of minimal submanifolds.In this paper,we show that the minimal product is immersed by its first eigenfunctions(of its Laplacian)if and only if the two beginning minimal submanifolds are immersed by their first eigenfunctions.Moreover,we give the estimates of the Morse index and the nullity of the minimal product.In particular,we show that the Clifford minimal submanifold(√n1/nS^(n1).....,√nk/nS^(nk)■S^(n+k-1))has the index(k-1)(n+k+1)and the nullity(k-1)∑_(1≤i<j≤k)(n_(i)+1)(nj+1)(with n=∑n_(j)).展开更多
The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, the Matlab was used to explore the graphs with rank no more than 5;the performance of the proposed method was compared with former ...The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, the Matlab was used to explore the graphs with rank no more than 5;the performance of the proposed method was compared with former methods, which is simpler and clearer;and the results show that all graphs with rank no more than 5 are characterized.展开更多
The number of zero eigenvalues in the spectrum of the graph G is called its nullity and is denoted by η（G）. In this paper, we determine the all extremal unicyclic graphs achieving the fifth upper bound n - 6 and th...The number of zero eigenvalues in the spectrum of the graph G is called its nullity and is denoted by η（G）. In this paper, we determine the all extremal unicyclic graphs achieving the fifth upper bound n - 6 and the sixth upperbound n - 7.展开更多
文摘Let G be a graph. G is singular if and only if the adjacency matrix of graph G is singular. The adjacency matrix of graph G is singular if and only if there is at least one zero eigenvalue. The study of the singularity of graphs is of great significance for better characterizing the properties of graphs. The following definitions are given. There are 4 paths, the starting points of the four paths are bonded into one point, and the ending point of each path is bonded to a cycle respectively, so this graph is called a kind of quadcyclic peacock graph. And in this kind of quadcyclic peacock graph assuming the number of points on the four cycles is a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, and the number of points on the four paths is s<sub>1</sub>, s<sub>2</sub>, s<sub>3</sub>, s<sub>4</sub>, respectively. This type of graph is denoted by γ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, s<sub>1</sub>, s<sub>2</sub>, s<sub>3</sub>, s<sub>4</sub>), called γ graph. And let γ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>, 1, 1, 1, 1) = δ (a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>2</sub>, a<sub>3</sub>, a<sub>4</sub>), this type four cycles peacock graph called δ graph. In this paper, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the singularity of γ graph and δ graph.
基金Supported by the Project of Talent Introduction for Graduates of Chizhou University (Grant No2009RC011)
文摘The nullity of a graph G is defined to be the multiplicity of the eigenvalue zero in its spectrum. In this paper we characterize the unicyclic graphs with nullity one in aspect of its graphical construction.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11561056)National Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Provence(Grant No.2022-ZJ-924)Innovation Project of Qinghai Minzu University(Grant No.07M2022002).
文摘Let G be a finite simple graph and A(G)be its adjacency matrix.Then G is singular if A(G)is singular.The graph obtained by bonding the starting ver-tices and ending vertices of three paths Pa1,Pa2,Pa3 is calledθ-graph,represented byθ(a1,a2,a3).The graph obtained by bonding the two end vertices of the path Ps to the vertices of theθ(a1,a2,a3)andθ(b1,b2,b3)of degree three,respectively,is denoted byα(a1,a2,a3,s,b1,b2,b3)and calledα-graph.β-graph is denoted whenβ(a1,a2,a3,b1,b2,b3)=α(a1,a2,a3,1,b1,b2,b3).In this paper,we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the singularity ofα-graph andβ-graph,and prove that the probability that a random givenα-graph andβ-graph is a singular graph is equal to 14232048 and 733/1024,respectively.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11831005)supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11971107)。
文摘Tang and Zhang(2020)and Choe and Hoppe(2018)showed independently that one can produce minimal submanifolds in spheres via the Clifford type minimal product of minimal submanifolds.In this paper,we show that the minimal product is immersed by its first eigenfunctions(of its Laplacian)if and only if the two beginning minimal submanifolds are immersed by their first eigenfunctions.Moreover,we give the estimates of the Morse index and the nullity of the minimal product.In particular,we show that the Clifford minimal submanifold(√n1/nS^(n1).....,√nk/nS^(nk)■S^(n+k-1))has the index(k-1)(n+k+1)and the nullity(k-1)∑_(1≤i<j≤k)(n_(i)+1)(nj+1)(with n=∑n_(j)).
文摘The rank of a graph is defined to be the rank of its adjacency matrix. In this paper, the Matlab was used to explore the graphs with rank no more than 5;the performance of the proposed method was compared with former methods, which is simpler and clearer;and the results show that all graphs with rank no more than 5 are characterized.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No10861009)
文摘The number of zero eigenvalues in the spectrum of the graph G is called its nullity and is denoted by η（G）. In this paper, we determine the all extremal unicyclic graphs achieving the fifth upper bound n - 6 and the sixth upperbound n - 7.
